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Yawancin iyaye suna fuskantar jaundice na jarirai. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga jariran da ba su kai ba, yana tasowa fiye da kashi 80 cikin ɗari. Amma a cikin jariran da aka haifa a lokaci, wannan ma abu ne na kowa - yana faruwa a cikin kashi 50-60 na lokuta.
Jaundice yana tasowa a cikin 'yan kwanaki na farko bayan haihuwar jariri, kuma canjin launin fata yakan zama sananne a ranar 3-4th, daidai lokacin da uwa da jariri suka dawo gida daga asibiti.
Me yasa hakan ke faruwa? Yana da duk game da bilirubin. A cikin kowane mutum, yana samuwa ne a lokacin rushewar ƙwayoyin jajayen jini (waɗanda ke da alhakin jigilar iskar oxygen) a tsawon rayuwa kuma ana samun sauƙin fita daga jiki tare da taimakon hanta. Amma a cikin jariri, shi, kamar sauran tsarin jiki, bai riga ya balaga ba, don haka hanta jaririn ba ta da isasshen enzymes da za ta rushe shi da kuma fitar da shi. Kuma matakin haemoglobin a cikin jinin sabon jariri yana da yawa sosai. A sakamakon haka, bilirubin ya taru a cikin jini, kuma fatar jaririn ya zama rawaya. Fararen idanu kuma na iya zama tabo.
A lokaci guda, yaron yana jin dadi. Wannan shine abin da ake kira jaundice physiological na jarirai, wanda baya buƙatar magani kuma ya ɓace gaba daya a ƙarshen watan farko na rayuwa. Amma kuma akwai jaundice na pathological a cikin jarirai. Wannan ya rigaya ya zama mummunan yanayin da zai iya haifar da mummunan sakamako ga yaron. Irin wannan jaundice yana buƙatar magani na wajibi.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da jaundice a cikin jarirai
Ba kamar ilimin lissafi ba, jaundice na pathological yawanci yana tasowa a cikin sa'o'i na farko bayan an haifi jariri. Ana iya samun duhun fitsari da canza launin najasa, anemia, da kodad'in fata. A lokaci guda, matakin bilirubin yana da girma - sama da 256 μmol a cikin yara da aka haifa akan lokaci, a cikin jariran da ba su kai ba - sama da 171 μmol.
"Jaundice na cututtuka na iya haifar da dalilai da yawa," in ji likitan yara Anna Levadnaya, 'yar takarar Kimiyyar Lafiya, marubucin blog game da ilimin yara. - Mafi yawanci shine karuwar haemoglobin saboda rikicewar Rhesus ko rikicin nau'in jini tsakanin uwa da yaro. Har ila yau, dalilin jaundice na iya zama wani Pathology na hanta ko Pathology na excretion na bile a cikin hanji. Bugu da kari, jaundice na iya zama alamar kamuwa da cuta, hypothyroidism (saboda raguwar aikin thyroid), polycythemia (ƙaramar matakin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini a cikin jini), toshewar hanji, ko pyloric stenosis (wannan shi ne raguwar haifuwa. bangaren ciki kafin shiga cikin hanji, wanda hakan kan sa abinci ke da wuya ya wuce). cikin shi). Yana iya faruwa tare da wasu magunguna da wasu dalilai.
Har ila yau, akwai jaundice ga jarirai daga madarar nono, lokacin da adadin bilirubin a cikin jariri ya tashi saboda shayar da wasu kwayoyin halitta da ke cikin madarar uwa a cikin jikin yaron. Wannan jaundice na iya ɗaukar har zuwa makonni 6. Idan, lokacin da aka soke HB na kwanaki 1-2, matakin bilirubin ya fara raguwa, kuma launin rawaya ya ɓace, ana yin irin wannan ganewar asali. Amma tare da haɓaka mai kyau, ba a buƙatar kawar da nono ba, yana dawowa bayan kwanaki 1-2. A lokacin hutu, dole ne mahaifiyar ta bayyana kanta don kula da shayarwa a matakin da ake bukata.
Maganin jaundice a jarirai
Jaundice na physiological na jarirai, kamar yadda muka fada, baya buƙatar magani. Wani lokaci likitocin yara suna ba da shawarar ƙara irin waɗannan yara da ruwa, amma idan an kafa lactation da amfani da cokali, ba kwalba ba.
Amma ga pathological jaundice na jariri, yana buƙatar magani na wajibi, wanda likita ya wajabta.
Mafi kyawun magani ga wannan yanayin a yau shine phototherapy. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da fitila ta musamman tare da hasken "blue": a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ultraviolet radiation, bilirubin ya rushe kuma an cire shi daga jikin jariri tare da fitsari da kuma najasa. Tsanani da tsawon lokacin daukar hoto ya dogara da nauyin jikin jariri a lokacin haihuwa da kuma matakin bilirubin, wanda ake sa ido akai-akai. A matsayinka na mai mulki, an tsara zaman sa'o'i uku a ƙarƙashin fitilar tare da hutu na 2-3 hours. Dole ne a tuɓe jariri, amma dole ne a kiyaye idanu, samari kuma suna da al'aurar.
A cikin lokuta masu tsanani na jaundice na jarirai, lokacin da rayuwar yaron ke cikin haɗari, ana iya ba da ƙarin jini.
- Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa yanzu mafi yawan masana sun yarda cewa nada sorbents, kwayoyi irin su phenobarbital, Essentiale, LIV-52, kawar da shayarwa, UV (wadatar jini na ultraviolet), electrophoresis ko jiko mai yawa don jaundice ba su da tasiri ( kuma ga phenobarbital kuma ba lafiya) - in ji Anna Levadnaya.
Sakamakon jaundice a cikin jarirai
Jaundice na physiological na jarirai, kamar yadda muka riga muka lura, yana wucewa ta kanta kuma baya ɗaukar wani mummunan sakamako ga lafiyar jariri. Amma sakamakon cututtukan jaundice a cikin jariri na iya zama mai tsanani sosai, musamman idan ba a fara magani akan lokaci ba.
– Yawan karuwar bilirubin a cikin jini na iya haifar da lalacewar kwakwalwa, inji Anna Levadnaya. - A matsayinka na mai mulki, wannan yana faruwa a cikin yara masu ciwon hemolytic bisa ga Rh factor, tare da karuwa a matakin bilirubin sama da 298-342 μmol / l. Kuma mafi girman matakin bilirubin, mafi girman haɗarin cutar kwakwalwa.
Rigakafin jaundice a cikin jarirai
Mafi kyawun rigakafin jaundice na jarirai shine salon rayuwa mai kyau ga uwa yayin daukar ciki, barin mummunan halaye, abinci mai kyau.
Hakanan shayarwa yana da mahimmanci. Nonon uwa shine abinci mafi kyau ga jariri, yana da sauƙin narkewa, hanji yana motsa jiki da sauri, yana cike da microflora mai amfani, kuma ana samar da enzymes masu dacewa. Duk wannan yana taimakawa jikin jariri don jimre wa jaundice da sauri da inganci.