Hypothalamus (daga Hellenanci hypo, kasa da thalamos, cavity) wani gland shine a cikin kwakwalwa, wanda ke da hannu wajen tsara ayyuka da yawa na jiki.

Ana zaune a gindin kwakwalwa a ƙarƙashin thalamus, hypothalamus gland shine wanda ya kasu kashi biyu masu zaman kansu masu zaman kansu, da kansu sun kasance da saitin ƙwayoyin jijiya. An haɗa hypothalamus zuwa glandan pituitary, wani gland a cikin kwakwalwa, ta hanyar tushe don samar da hypothalamic-pituitary axis¹.

Matsayin hypothalamus. Yana da hannu cikin ayyuka da yawa na jiki kamar zafin jiki, yunwa², ƙishirwa, hawan barci, yanayin hailar mace, halayen jima'i ko motsin rai³.

Aiki na hypothalamus. Yana aiki a matsayin cibiyar kula da amsa bisa ga nau'ikan abubuwan da aka fahimta daban-daban: hormonal, juyayi, jini, microbial, humoral, da sauransu. Hakanan zai fitar da wasu hormones.

Pituitary gland shine yake sarrafa da tsari. Hypothalamus yana ɓoye neurohormones, masu sassaucin ra'ayi, waɗanda za su yi aiki akan glandar pituitary ta hanyar daidaita siginar hormones, abubuwan motsa jiki. Wadannan za su motsa wasu gland a cikin jiki kamar thyroid ko ovaries. Masu sassaucin ra'ayi, wanda hypothalamus ke ɓoye, musamman:

• Corticoliberin (CRF) wanda ke sarrafa fitar da corticotrophin (ACTH) wanda ke haifar da haɗin cortisol.
• Thyroliberin (TRH) wanda ke sarrafa siginar thyroid stimulating thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Gonadotropin sakewa hormone (GnRH) wanda ke sarrafa siginar gonadotropins (FSH da LH) wanda ke motsa ovaries.
• Somatoliberin (GH-RH) wanda ke sarrafa ƙwayar somatotropin, hormone girma

Fitar da hormones. Hypothalamus yana fitar da hormones guda biyu wanda glandan pituitary zai fitar da su cikin jini:

• Vasopressin, hormone antidiuretic, wanda ke aiki a cikin kodan don iyakance asarar ruwa
• Oxytocyne, wanda ke motsa kumburin mahaifa a lokacin haihuwa, da kuma glandar mammary don shayarwa.

Har ila yau, hypothalamus yana haɓaka dopamine, wani mafarin prolactin da catecholamines (ciki har da adrenaline da norepinephrine).

Shiga cikin tsarin juyayi na ciyayi. Hypothalamus yana da matsayi a cikin tsarin jijiya mai ciyayi, wanda ke da alhakin ayyukan jiki marasa son rai kamar daidaita bugun zuciya ko numfashi.

Ganin alakar da ke tsakanin hypothalamus da glandan pituitary, cututtukan su suna da alaƙa da alaƙa kuma suna haifar da rashin aiki na tsarin hormonal².

Tumor. Ciwon daji zai iya shafar hypothalamus, yana haifar da hypothalamic sannan hyophyseal secretions ya daina. Ana bayyana alamun bayyanar cututtuka bisa ga girman ƙwayar cuta (ciwon kai, rashin lafiyar filin gani, cututtuka na jijiyoyin jiki) da kuma raunin hormonal (gajiya, pallor, rashin lokaci).

Hypothalamic ciwo. Rashin daidaituwa a cikin tsarin hypothalamic na iya rinjayar ayyuka daban-daban na jiki kamar daidaita yanayin zafi na ciki, rushe ƙishirwa da yunwa (5).

Hyperhydrose. Za a iya lura da yawan gumi idan akwai hyperfunction na hanyar sarrafa zafin jiki na cikin jiki, wanda hypothalamus ya daidaita.

Hormonal madadin / Hormone far. Ana ba da maganin Hormonal sau da yawa don magance tabarbarewar hypothalamus da / ko glandon pituitary.

Maganin tiyata ko radiotherapy. Dangane da ciwon daji, ana iya buƙatar tiyata ko maganin radiation.

Gwajin rediyo. Ana iya yin CT scan ko MRI don gano asalin rashin aikin hormonal.

Binciken likita. Ana iya amfani da gwaje-gwaje na hormonal don tantance rashin aikin hormonal.

Nunawar alaƙar da ke tsakanin ɓoyewar hormones ta hypothalamus da tsarin juyayi sun dawo zuwa 50s godiya ga aikin Geoffrey Harris (6).