Babban sel na hanta, hepatocytes suna yin adadi mai yawa na mahimman ayyuka: tace jini, kawar da gubobi, ajiya da haɗa sugars, da sauransu.

Yawancin hanta sun ƙunshi hepatocytes waɗanda aka tsara a cikin tsaka -tsaki, tsakanin abin da ke watsa jijiyoyin jini da raƙuman zafi na biliary. Hakikanin masana'antun biochemical, saboda haka waɗannan sel na iya ɗaukar guba da ke yawo a cikin jini kuma su kawar da waɗannan datti a cikin bile. Amma wannan ba shine kawai aikin su ba, tunda suma suna adanawa da ƙera abubuwa da yawa masu mahimmanci ga jiki: glucose, triglycerin, albumin, gishiri bile, da sauransu.

Ba tare da hepatocytes masu aiki ba, rayuwar jiki ba ta wuce 'yan awanni ba. Tabbas waɗannan sel suna ba da ayyuka masu mahimmanci da yawa, gami da:

• lgudanar da ciwon sukari : a cikin yanayin hyperglycemia, pancreas yana ɓoye insulin, wanda zai kunna ɗauka da adana glucose na jini ta hepatocytes. Sabanin haka, a cikin yanayin hypoglycemia, yana fitar da glucagon, don ƙarfafa hepatocytes don sakin wannan kuzari a cikin jini;
• detoxification na jini : hepatocytes suna cire jinin guba (barasa, kwayoyi, kwayoyi, da sauransu), sannan a kwashe su da bile; 
• sirrin bile wanda, wanda aka adana a cikin gallbladder, za a sake shi cikin hanji a lokacin narkewa. Wannan abu ya ƙunshi duka sharar da aka ciro daga jini da acid bile, wanda ke da ikon lalata lipids ɗin da abinci ya shiga cikin triglycerides, wani “mai” na jiki;
• kira na triglycerides daga sukari da barasa. Waɗannan su ne kitse iri ɗaya kamar yadda aka ambata a sama. Kamar su, saboda haka ana jigilar su da jini zuwa sel waɗanda ke buƙatar su (tsokoki, da sauransu) ko adana su a cikin adipose nama;
• samar da sinadarin coagulation, wato sunadaran da ke da hannu wajen hana jini.

Ciwon hanta steatosis

Yana da tarin triglycerides a cikin hepatocytes. Wannan cututtukan na iya haifar da yawan shan barasa amma kuma - kuma yana yawan faruwa sau da yawa - yana haɓakawa a cikin marasa lafiya waɗanda ba sa sha amma suna da kiba ko suna da ciwon sukari iri na 2. cutar hanta mai kitse (NAFLD).

Hepatic steatosis ya kasance asymptomatic na dogon lokaci kafin haifar da ciwon hanta. Wannan martani ne mai kumburi wanda galibi ke haifar da gano cutar.

hepatitis

Kumburin hanta, ciwon hanta na iya haifar da cutar hanta mai kitse, amma kuma ta hanyar ƙwayar cuta da ke ƙaruwa a cikin hepatocytes (cutar hepatitis A, B ko C), ta hanyar maye, ta hanyar ɗaukar samfur mai guba ko, da wuya, ta autoimmune cuta.

Alamomin sun bambanta da yawa daga shari’a zuwa shari’a: 

• zazzaɓi;
• asarar ci.
• gudawa;
• Nausea;
• rashin jin daɗi na ciki;
• jaundice;
• da dai sauransu.

Suna iya zama masu taushi ko mai tsanani, su tafi da kansu, ko su dage. Hepatitis C, alal misali, ya zama na yau da kullun a cikin kashi 80% na lokuta, yayin da hepatitis A zai iya warwarewa kwatsam. Hakanan ana iya kamuwa da cutar, kuma ana iya gano ta kawai bayan ta ci gaba zuwa cirrhosis ko cutar kansa.

Cirrhosis

Idan ba a kula da kumburin su na yau da kullun ba, hepatocytes sun ƙare mutuwa ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Daga nan hanta ya rasa ayyukan sa.

Bayyanar rikitarwa ɗaya ko fiye wanda galibi ke haifar da gano cirrhosis: zubar jini mai narkewa, hauhawar jini (hauhawar ciki wanda ke da alaƙa da tarin ruwa a cikin ramin peritoneal), jaundice (jaundice na fata da fararen ido, fitsari mai duhu), kansa, da sauransu.

Ciwon daji

Hepatocarcinoma, ko carcinoma na hepatocellular, yana farawa a cikin hepatocyte wanda, bayan ya zama mahaukaci, ya fara yaduwa cikin yanayin rashin kwanciyar hankali kuma ya haifar da mummunan ƙwayar cuta. Yana da wuya irin wannan raunin ya faru akan hanta wanda ba shi da steatosis, hepatitis ko cirrhosis.

Rashin nauyi mara nauyi, rashin ci, ciwon ciki, tashin zuciya da amai, gajiya gaba ɗaya, bayyanar dunƙule a cikin hanta, musamman idan aka haɗa shi da jaundice, yakamata ya faɗakar da ku. Amma a kula: waɗannan alamun sun zama ruwan dare ga sauran cututtukan hanta. Likita ne kawai zai iya yin gwajin cutar.

Hanyar cutar sankarau

Focal nodular hyperplasia shine karuwa a cikin adadin hepatocytes a cikin hanta, yana haifar da ƙaruwa. Fibrous nodules na 1 zuwa 10 cm na iya bayyana. Waɗannan ciwace-ciwacen, waɗanda ba safai ba kuma ba su da kyau, ana fifita su ta hanyar ɗaukar maganin hana haihuwa ko kuma jiyya-tushen estrogen. Matsalolin su ba safai suke faruwa ba. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ba kasafai ake cire su ta tiyata ba.

Ta hanyar ingantacciyar hanya kuma mai dorewa na magance abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon hanta (maganin rigakafin ƙwayar cuta, cire giya, rage nauyi, sarrafa sukari, da sauransu), ana iya hana ko dakatar da cirrhosis. Idan nama ya riga ya lalace, ba zai warke ba, amma sauran hanta ba za su tsaya ba. Idan cirrhosis ya ci gaba sosai, dasawa ne kawai zai iya dawo da aikin hanta mara kyau, idan akwai ragi.

Idan akwai cutar kansa, kwamitin jiyya yana da fadi:

• m cire hanta;
• gaba daya zubar da ciki ta biyo bayan dasawa;
• lalata tumor ta mitar rediyo ko microwaves;
• wutar lantarki;
• jiyyar cutar sankara;
• da dai sauransu. 

Dabarun magani ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa, gami da adadin raunuka, girman su, matakin su da yanayin hanta.

Idan aka fuskanci alamomin da ke nuna alamun cututtukan hanta, gwajin jini yana tabbatar da shigar hanta (hypoalbuminemia, da sauransu). Idan ba a gano ƙwayar cuta a cikin samfurin jini ba, za a ba da duban dan tayi, a ƙara idan ya cancanta tare da MRI, CT scan ko Doppler duban dan tayi. Hakanan za'a iya buƙatar biopsy ƙari.