IE Repin
Daga cikin masu zane-zanen da aka yi la'akari da su a cikin tawagar Tolstoy kuma suka zama masu bin koyarwarsa, da kuma cin ganyayyaki, mafi shahararren shine babu shakka Ilya Efimovich Repin (1844-1930).
Tolstoy ya yaba Repin a matsayin mutum kuma mai fasaha, ba ko kaɗan ba don yanayinsa da naivety na musamman. A ranar 21 ga Yuli, 1891, ya rubuta wa NN Ge (mahai da ɗa): "Repin mutum ne mai fasaha mai kyau, amma gaba ɗaya danye, ba a taɓa shi ba, kuma yana da wuya ya tashi."
Repin sau da yawa ana gane shi cikin farin ciki a matsayin mai goyon bayan salon cin ganyayyaki. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan ikirari yana samuwa a cikin wasiƙar da ya rubuta zuwa ga I. Perper, mawallafin Review Vegetarian Review, kadan bayan mutuwar Tolstoy.
"A Astapovo, lokacin da Lev Nikolayevich ya ji daɗi kuma an ba shi gilashin oatmeal tare da gwaiduwa don ƙarfafawa, ina so in yi ihu daga nan: Ba haka ba! Ba haka ba! Ka ba shi ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano ɗanɗano ɗanɗano ɗanɗano (ko hay mai kyau tare da clover). Abin da zai dawo da karfinsa kenan! Ina tunanin yadda hukumomin likitanci masu daraja za su yi murmushi, bayan sun saurari majiyyaci na tsawon rabin sa'a kuma suna da kwarin gwiwa kan darajar sinadirai na ƙwai…
Kuma ina farin cikin bikin gudun amarci na kayan lambu masu gina jiki da kuma dadi. Ina jin yadda ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai amfani na ganye ya wartsake, yana tsarkake jini kuma yana da tasirin warkarwa akan sclerosis na jijiyoyin jini wanda ya riga ya fara sosai a fili. A cikin shekaru 67, tare da wadata da kuma sha'awar cin abinci, na riga na fuskanci cututtuka masu mahimmanci, zalunci, nauyi, musamman ma wani nau'i na fanko a cikin ciki (musamman bayan nama). Kuma da yawan cin abinci, yunwa ta kashe shi a ciki. Wajibi ne a bar naman - ya zama mafi kyau. Na canza zuwa qwai, man shanu, cuku, hatsi. A'a: Na yi kiba, ba zan iya cire takalmana daga ƙafafuna ba; Maɓallan da kyar suke riƙe kitsen da aka tara: yana da wuya a yi aiki… Kuma yanzu likitoci Laman da Pasco (da alama sun fito ne daga masu son) – Waɗannan su ne masu cetona da masu fadakarwa. NB Severova yayi nazarin su kuma ya sanar da ni tunanin su.
Qwai da aka jefa (naman da aka rigaya ya bar). - Salatin! Yaya kyakkyawa! Wane irin rayuwa ne (tare da man zaitun!). Wani broth da aka yi daga hay, daga tushen, daga ganye - wannan shine elixir na rayuwa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari, ja ruwan inabi, busassun 'ya'yan itatuwa, zaituni, prunes… goro suna da kuzari. Shin yana yiwuwa a lissafa duk kayan alatu na teburin kayan lambu? Amma broths na ganye suna da daɗi. Ɗana Yuri da NB Severova sun fuskanci irin wannan ji. Satiety ya cika na tsawon sa'o'i 9, ba kwa jin son ci ko sha, komai ya ragu - za ku iya yin numfashi sosai.
Ina tunawa da 60s: sha'awar cire naman Liebig (sunadarai, sunadarai), kuma tun yana da shekaru 38 ya riga ya zama dattijo mai lalacewa wanda ya rasa duk sha'awar rayuwa.
Yaya na yi farin ciki da zan iya sake yin aiki cikin fara'a kuma duk riguna da takalmi na kyauta ne a kaina. Fats, kullun da ke fitowa daga saman tsokoki masu kumbura, sun tafi; Jikina ya sake farfadowa kuma na zama mai jurewa a cikin tafiya, mai ƙarfi a gymnastics kuma na fi samun nasara a fasaha - an sake sabuntawa. Ilya Repin.
Repin ya riga ya sadu da Tolstoy a ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 1880, lokacin da ya ziyarce shi a wani jirgin ruwa a Bolshoy Trubny Lane a Moscow. Bayan haka, an kulla abota ta kud da kud a tsakaninsu; Repin ya zauna a Yasnaya Polyana sau da yawa, kuma wani lokacin na dogon lokaci; Ya halitta sanannen "Repin jerin" na zane-zane da zane-zane na Tolstoy, da kuma wani ɓangare na iyalinsa. A cikin Janairu 1882, Repin ya zana hoton Tatyana L. Tolstaya a Moscow, a watan Afrilu na wannan shekarar ya ziyarci Tolstoy a can; Afrilu 1, 1885 Tolstoy a cikin wasiƙa ya yaba da zanen Repin "Ivan the Terrible da Ɗansa" - bita wanda, a fili, ya ji daɗin Repin. Kuma ƙarin zane-zane na Repin yana haifar da yabo daga Tolstoy. Janairu 4, 1887 Repin, tare da Garshin, suna nan a Moscow yayin karatun wasan kwaikwayo "Ikon Duhu". Ziyarar farko ta Repin a Yasnaya Polyana ta faru ne daga 9 zuwa 16 ga Agusta, 1887. Daga 13 ga Agusta zuwa 15 ga Agusta, ya zana hotuna biyu na marubuci: "Tolstoy a teburinsa" (yau a Yasnaya Polyana) da "Tolstoy a kan kujera tare da kujerun hannu. littafi a hannunsa" (yau a cikin Tretyakov Gallery). Tolstoy ya rubuta wa PI Biryukov cewa a wannan lokacin ya sami damar ƙara godiya ga Repin. A watan Satumba, Repin fenti, dangane da zane-zane da aka yi a Yasnaya Polyana, zanen "LN Tolstoy akan ƙasar noma. A watan Oktoba, Tolstoy ya yaba wa Repin a gaban NN Ge: "Akwai Repin, ya zana hoto mai kyau. <> mutum mai rai, mai girma. A watan Fabrairun 1888, Tolstoy ya rubuta wa Repin tare da buƙatar rubuta zane-zane uku don littattafai game da buguwa, wanda gidan wallafe-wallafen Posrednik ya buga.
Daga Yuni 29 zuwa Yuli 16, 1891, Repin ya sake zama a Yasnaya Polyana. Ya zana zane-zane "Tolstoy a ofishin a karkashin arches" da "Tolstoy mara takalmi a cikin gandun daji", a Bugu da kari, ya yi model na Tolstoy. Kawai a wannan lokacin, tsakanin Yuli 12 da 19, Tolstoy ya rubuta farkon fitowar Mataki na Farko. A ranar 20 ga Yuli, ya sanar da II Gorbunov-Posadov cewa: "A wannan lokacin na kasance da baƙi da yawa - Repin, a hanya, amma na yi ƙoƙarin kada in ɓata kwanakin, waɗanda suke da 'yan kaɗan, kuma na ci gaba da aiki, kuma na rubuta a cikin daftarin aiki. dukan labarin game da cin ganyayyaki, cin abinci, ƙauracewa.” A ranar 21 ga Yuli, wata wasiƙa zuwa ga Ge biyu ta ce: “Repin yana tare da mu duk wannan lokacin, ya ce in zo <…>. Repin ya rubuta daga gare ni a cikin daki da a cikin tsakar gida kuma ya sassaka. <…> Repin's bust ya ƙare kuma an tsara shi kuma yana da kyau <…>.
Ranar 12 ga Satumba, a cikin wata wasika zuwa ga NN Ge-son, Tolstoy ya bayyana mamaki:
"Yaya abin ban dariya Repin. Ya rubuta wasiƙu zuwa Tanya [Tatyana Lvovna Tolstaya], inda ya ƙware kansa da ƙwazo daga tasirinsa na kasancewa tare da mu.” Hakika, Repin, wanda babu shakka ya san cewa Tolstoy yana aiki a mataki na farko, ya rubuta wa Tatyana Lvovna a ranar 9 ga Agusta, 1891: “Ni mai cin ganyayyaki ne da jin daɗi, ina aiki, amma ban taɓa yin nasara haka ba.” Kuma tuni a ranar 20 ga Agusta, wata wasiƙa ta ce: “Dole ne in bar cin ganyayyaki. Hali ba ya son sanin kyawawan halayenmu. Bayan na rubuta muku, da dare na yi rawar jiki sosai har da safe na yanke shawarar yin odar nama - kuma ya tafi. Yanzu ina cin abinci lokaci-lokaci. Me yasa, yana da wuya a nan: iska mara kyau, margarine maimakon man shanu, da dai sauransu. Ah, idan da za mu iya matsawa wani wuri (daga St. Petersburg)! Amma ba tukuna.” Kusan duk wasiƙun Repin a lokacin an aika zuwa Tatyana Lvovna. Ya yi farin ciki cewa za ta ɗauki alhakin sashen fasaha na gidan wallafe-wallafen Posrednik.
Canjin Repin zuwa salon cin ganyayyaki na dogon lokaci zai zama motsi bisa ga tsarin "matakai biyu gaba - daya baya": "Ka sani, abin baƙin ciki, na kai ga ƙarshe cewa ba zan iya zama ba tare da abincin nama ba. Idan ina son samun lafiya, dole ne in ci nama; ba tare da shi ba, nan da nan tsarin mutuwa ya fara a gare ni, kamar yadda kuka ganni a taronku mai kishi. Ban yi imani ba na dogon lokaci; kuma ta wannan hanya kuma na gwada kaina kuma na ga cewa ba zai yiwu ba. Ee, gabaɗaya, Kiristanci bai dace da mai rai ba.
Dangantaka da Tolstoy a cikin waɗannan shekarun sun kasance kusa. Tolstoy ya ba Repin wani makirci don rubuta zanen "Recruiting Recruits"; Repin ya rubuta wa Tolstoy game da nasarar wasan kwaikwayon The Fruits of Enlightenment tare da jama'a: "Likitoci, masana kimiyya da dukan masu hankali musamman suna kuka da sunan <...> Amma masu sauraro ... suna jin daɗin wasan kwaikwayo, suna dariya har sai kun sauke kuma ku jure mashaya mai yawa game da rayuwar birni." Daga Fabrairu 21 zuwa Fabrairu 24, 1892 Repin yana ziyartar Tolstoy a Begichevka.
Ranar 4 ga Afrilu, Repin ya sake zuwa Yasnaya Polyana, da kuma ranar 5 ga Janairu, 1893, lokacin da ya zana hoton Tolstoy a cikin launi na Sever. Daga Janairu 5 zuwa 7, Repin sake a Yasnaya Polyana, ya tambayi Tolstoy game da mãkirci. Tolstoy ya rubuta wa Chertkov: "Daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi jin daɗi na kwanan nan shine ganawa da Repin."
Kuma Repin ya yaba da littafin Tolstoy Menene fasaha? A ranar 9 ga Disamba na wannan shekarar, Repin da sculptor Paolo Trubetskoy ziyarci Tolstoy.
Afrilu 1, 1901 Repin ya zana wani launi na Tolstoy. Bai yi farin ciki da cewa Repin ya sake zana hotonsa ba, amma ba ya so ya ƙi shi.
A watan Mayu 1891, a kwamandan Peter da Paul sansanin soja a St. A cikin tarihinta, NB Severova ya bayyana wannan taro na farko, kuma ya sanya shi "Taron Farko". A watan Agusta 1863, a kan Estate na Talashkino, mallakar Princess MK Tenisheva, art majiɓinci, wani taro tsakanin Nordman da Repin faruwa. Nordman, bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarsa, ya sami wani makirci a Kuokkala a arewa maso yammacin St. Daga cikinsu akwai ɗakin studio na mai zane (na Repin). An ba shi suna "Penates". A cikin 1914, Repin ya zauna a can har abada.
Tun 1900, tun da bikin aure na Repin tare da NB Nordman-Severova, ya ziyarci Tolstoy ya zama m kuma m. Amma cin ganyayyakin sa zai fi tsanani. Repin ya ba da rahoton hakan a cikin 1912 a cikin labarinsa don waccan “album” na gidan cin abinci na Tashkent “abincin abinci mara haƙori”, wanda aka buga a cikin mujallar Vegetarian Review na 1910-1912. a cikin da yawa mabiyu; A lokaci guda kuma, ana maimaita wasu shaidu, shekaru biyu da suka gabata, nan da nan bayan mutuwar Tolstoy, an haɗa su cikin wasiƙar zuwa ga I. Perper (duba sama, p. yy):
“A kowane lokaci a shirye nake in gode wa Allah da na zama mai cin ganyayyaki a karshe. Na fara halarta na farko shine a kusa da 1892; na yi shekaru biyu - Na kasa kuma na suma a karkashin barazanar gajiya. Na biyu yana da shekaru 2 1/2, a cikin kyakkyawan yanayi, kuma an dakatar da shi a kan nacewar likita, wanda ya hana abokina (watau ENB Nordman) ya zama mai cin ganyayyaki: "nama ya zama dole" don ciyar da huhu mara lafiya. Na daina zuwa cin ganyayyaki "don kamfani", kuma, saboda tsoron kada in zama mai laushi, na yi ƙoƙarin cin abinci kamar yadda zai yiwu, kuma musamman cuku, hatsi; ya fara samun kitse har zuwa nauyin nauyi - yana da illa: abinci sau uku, tare da zafi mai zafi.
Lokaci na uku shine mafi hankali kuma mafi ban sha'awa, godiya ga daidaitawa. Ana zubar da ƙwai (abincin da ya fi cutarwa), an kawar da cuku. Tushen, ganye, kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa, goro. Musamman miya da broths sanya daga nettles da sauran ganye da kuma tushen samar da ban mamaki gina jiki da kuma karfi wajen rayuwa da kuma aiki ... datti na masarautar kayan lambu. Duk baƙi na suna sha'awar liyafar cin abinci na tare da sha'awa kuma ba su yarda cewa teburin ba a yanka ba kuma yana da arha.
Ina cika abinci mai sauƙi na biyu a karfe 1 na rana na dukan yini; kuma kawai a karfe 8 da rabi kawai ina da abun ciye-ciye mai sanyi: letas, zaituni, namomin kaza, 'ya'yan itatuwa, da kuma gaba ɗaya, cewa akwai kadan. Matsakaici shine farin cikin jiki.
Ina jin ba kamar da ba; kuma mafi mahimmanci, na rasa duk karin kitsen, kuma riguna duk sun zama sako-sako, amma kafin su kasance da yawa; kuma na sha wahala wajen sa takalma na. Ya ci abinci iri-iri masu zafi sau uku, yana jin yunwa koyaushe; da safe kuma wani fanko mai raɗaɗi a cikin ciki. Kodan yi aiki da talauci daga barkono zuwa abin da na saba, na fara girma nauyi da raguwa a hankali a cikin shekaru 65 daga wuce haddi abinci.
Yanzu alhamdulillahi na samu sauki, musamman da safe, ina jin sabo da fara'a a ciki. Kuma ina da sha'awar ƙuruciya - ko kuma wajen, matashi: Ina cin komai da jin daɗi, kawai don guje wa wuce gona da iri. Ilya Repin.
A watan Agusta 1905, Repin da matarsa sun yi tafiya zuwa Italiya. A Krakow, ya zana hotonta, kuma a Italiya, a cikin garin Fasano a saman Lago di Garda, a kan filin da ke gaban gonar - wani hoto - an dauke shi mafi kyawun hoto na Natalya Borisovna.
Daga 21 zuwa 29 ga Satumba dukansu suna zama a Yasnaya Polyana; Repin ya zana hoton Tolstoy da Sofya Andreevna. Nordman-Severova bayan shekaru uku zai ba da cikakken bayanin kwanakin nan. Gaskiya ne, ba ya ce Repin bai ci nama ba har tsawon shekaru biyu da rabi, amma yanzu yakan yi shi wani lokaci, saboda likitoci sun ba da nama ga Natalya Borisovna, in ba haka ba ana zargin ta da barazanar amfani. Ranar 10 ga Yuli, 1908, an buga buɗaɗɗen wasiƙa, wanda Repin ya nuna goyon bayansa ga littafin Tolstoy game da hukuncin kisa: "Ba zan iya yin shiru ba."
Ziyarar ƙarshe ta Repin da NB Nordman zuwa Yasnaya Polyana ta faru ne a ranar 17 da 18 ga Disamba, 1908. An kuma ɗauki wannan taron a cikin bayanin gani da Nordman ya bayar. A ranar tashi, an ɗauki hoton haɗin gwiwa na ƙarshe na Tolstoy da Repin.
A cikin Janairu 1911, Repin ya rubuta abubuwan tunawa game da Tolstoy. Daga Maris zuwa Yuni, shi, tare da Nordman, yana Italiya a wurin baje kolin duniya, inda aka ba da wani zaure na musamman don zane-zanensa.
Tun daga Nuwamba 1911, Repin ya kasance memba na hukuma na kwamitin edita na Review of Vegetarian Review, zai ci gaba da kasancewa har sai an rufe mujallar a watan Mayu 1915. A cikin fitowar Janairu 1912, ya buga bayanin kula game da Moscow ta zamani da sabonta. dakin cin ganyayyaki mai suna "Dakin cin ganyayyaki na Moscow":
“Kafin Kirsimeti, na fi son Moscow, inda na kafa baje kolin balaguro na 40. Yaya kyau ta zama! Nawa haske da yamma! Kuma wane irin tarin sabbin gidaje masu girman gaske ya karu; Ee, komai yana cikin sabon salo! – Kuma, haka ma, m m gine-gine … gidajen tarihi, kiosks ga trams… Kuma, musamman da maraice, wadannan trams narke tare da hum, crackle, haske – dousing ku da sau da yawa makantar tartsatsin wutar lantarki – trams! Yadda yake raya tituna, wanda tuni ya cika da hargitsi - musamman ma kafin Kirsimeti… Kuma, da ƙazantar da ƙazanta - ɗakuna masu haske, motoci, musamman a dandalin Lubyanka, za su kai ku wani wuri zuwa Turai. Ko da yake tsohuwar Muscovites suna gunaguni. A cikin wadannan zobba na baƙin ƙarfe macijin dogo sun riga sun ga fatalwowi na rashin shakkar mutuwar duniya, domin maƙiyin Kristi ya riga ya rayu a duniya kuma ya ƙara haɗa shi da sarƙoƙin jahannama ... Bayan haka, yana ɗaukar rawar jiki: a gaban gaba. Ƙofar Spassky, a gaban St. Basil Mai albarka da sauran wuraren ibada na Moscow, sun yi ta kururuwa dukan yini da dukan dare - lokacin da duk "waɗanda ba na banza" sun riga sun yi barci ba, suna gaggawa (a nan ma!) Tare da aljanunsu. gobara… Lokuta na ƙarshe! …
Kowa yana gani, kowa ya san shi; kuma burina shine in bayyana a cikin wannan wasiƙar wani abu wanda ba kowa ba, har ma da Muscovites, ya sani tukuna. Kuma waɗannan ba abubuwa ba ne na haƙiƙa na waje waɗanda suke ciyar da idanu kawai, waɗanda kyau suka lalace; Ina so in gaya muku game da tebur mai daɗi, mai gamsarwa, mai cin ganyayyaki wanda ke ciyar da ni duk mako, gidan cin ganyayyaki, a Gazetny Lane.
A lokacin da nake tunawa da wannan fili mai kyau, mai haske, mai kofofin shiga guda biyu, a kan fikafikai biyu, na ja in sake komawa can, don haɗawa da ci gaba da layin waɗanda ke zuwa wurin da dawowar, riga da ciyawa da fara'a. mafi yawa matasa, na duka jinsi, mafi yawan dalibai - Rasha dalibai - mafi mutunta, mafi muhimmanci muhallin mu uban kasar <...>.
Tsarin ɗakin cin abinci abin misali ne; a dakin gyaran jiki na gaba, ba a ba da umarnin a biya komai ba. Kuma wannan yana da ma'ana mai mahimmanci, bisa la'akari da kwararowar dalibai na musamman a nan. Hawan bene mai fukafukai biyu daga ƙofar shiga, zuwa dama da hagu, wani katon lungu na ginin yana cike da ɗakuna masu fara'a, masu haske waɗanda aka jera su da tebura. Ganuwar dukkan dakunan an rataye su ne da hotunan Leo Tolstoy masu girma dabam kuma masu girma dabam da juzu'i daban-daban. Kuma a ƙarshen ɗakuna, zuwa dama - a cikin ɗakin karatu akwai wani katon hoto mai girman rai na Leo Tolstoy akan doki mai launin toka mai launin toka, yana tafiya ta cikin dajin Yasnaya Polyana a cikin kaka (hoton Yu. I. Igumnova). ). Duk dakuna an kafa su tare da tebur da aka rufe da tsabta mai tsabta da isasshen isasshen kayan abinci da kwanduna, tare da nau'o'in burodi iri-iri, na dandano na musamman, mai dadi da gamsarwa, wanda aka gasa kawai a Moscow.
Zaɓin abinci ya isa sosai, amma wannan ba shine babban abu ba; da kuma gaskiyar cewa abincin, komai abin da kuka ɗauka, yana da dadi, sabo, mai gina jiki wanda ba da gangan ba ya karya harshe: me yasa, wannan abinci ne mai dadi! Sabili da haka, kowace rana, duk mako, yayin da nake zaune a Moscow, na riga na yi farin ciki na musamman ga wannan ɗakin cin abinci maras kyau. Kasuwancin gaggawa da rashin shirya nunin kayan tarihi a gidan tarihi ya tilasta ni zama a kantin kayan lambu a cikin sa'o'i daban-daban; kuma a duk sa'o'i na isowa, ɗakin cin abinci ya cika, mai haske da fara'a, kuma jita-jita duk sun bambanta - sun kasance: ɗayan ya fi sauran dadi. <…> Kuma menene kvass!
Yana da ban sha'awa don kwatanta wannan bayanin tare da labarin Benedikt Livshits game da ziyarar Mayakovsky a wannan kantin. (cf. s. yy). Repin, a hanya, ya ba da rahoton cewa kafin ya bar Moscow ya sadu da PI Biryukov a ɗakin cin abinci: “A rana ta ƙarshe kuma na riga na tafi, na sadu da PI Biryukov, wanda har ma yana zaune a gida ɗaya, gidan magada . Shakhovskaya. — Faɗa mini, ina tambaya, a ina kuka sami irin wannan girkin mai ban mamaki? Laya! – Haka ne, muna da mace mai sauƙi, macen Rasha mai dafa abinci; lokacin da ta zo wurinmu, ba ta ma san yadda ake dafa cin ganyayyaki ba. Amma da sauri ta saba kuma yanzu (bayan ma, tana buƙatar mataimaka masu yawa tare da mu; kun ga yawan baƙi) da sauri ta koyi 'yan baranda. Kuma samfuranmu sune mafi kyau. Ee, na gan shi - mu'ujiza yadda tsabta da dadi. Ba na cin kirim mai tsami da man shanu, amma ta hanyar bazata an ba ni waɗannan samfuran a cikin jita-jita kuma, kamar yadda suka ce, na lasa yatsana. Very, sosai dadi da kuma girma. Gina ɗakin cin abinci iri ɗaya a St. Petersburg, babu wani mai kyau - na shawo kan shi. Me ya sa, ana buƙatar manyan kuɗi… Ni: Me ya sa, wannan shine abin da ya dace a yi. Shin da gaske ne babu mai arziki da zai taimaka?.. Il. Repin. Babu shakka, babu ɗaya - ɗaya daga cikin manyan cikas ga cin ganyayyaki na Rasha, har ma a lokacin wadatarta kafin yakin duniya na farko, shine rashin wadatattun masu ba da agaji-masu agaji.
Hoton ɗakin cin abinci wanda ya yi farin ciki da Repin a cikin Disamba 1911 an sake buga shi a cikin VO (kamar yadda yake a sama, duba rashin lafiya. yy) Moscow Vegetarian Society, wanda a bara ya ziyarci fiye da mutane 30, a watan Agusta 1911st an canja shi zuwa wani sabon gini a Gazetny Lane. Dangane da nasarar wannan kantin, al'umma sun yi shirin buɗe kantin sayar da abinci na biyu don mutane a cikin bazara, ra'ayin wanda ya kasance mai ban sha'awa ga marigayi LN Tolstoy. Kuma Muryar Moscow ta buga cikakken labarin, ciki har da hira da Ma'aji na Gundumar Soja ta Moscow da kuma sanarwar cewa mutane 72 suna cin abinci a cikin wannan "babban kantin" a kowace rana.
Daga abubuwan tunawa na marubuci KI Chukovsky, abokantaka da Repin, mun san cewa mai zane ya ziyarci gidajen cin ganyayyaki a St. Petersburg. Chukovsky, musamman tun 1908, duka a St. Petersburg da kuma a Kuokkala, yana cikin hulɗa tare da Repin da Nordman-Severova. Ya yi magana game da ziyartar "canteen" a bayan Cathedral na Kazan: "A can dole ne mu tsaya a cikin layi na dogon lokaci da gurasa, da kuma jita-jita, da kuma wasu nau'in takardun shaida na tin. Yankakken fis, kabeji, dankali sune manyan abubuwan cin abinci a cikin wannan gidan cin ganyayyaki. Abincin dare guda biyu ya kai kopecks talatin. Daga cikin dalibai, magatakarda, kananan jami'ai, Ilya Efimovich ji kamar nasa mutum.
Repin, a cikin wasiƙu zuwa abokai, ba ya daina ba da shawarar cin ganyayyaki. Don haka, a cikin 1910, ya rinjayi DI Yavornitsky kada ya ci nama, kifi da ƙwai. Suna cutar da mutane. Ranar 16 ga Disamba, 1910, ya rubuta wa VK Byalynitsky-Birulya cewa: "Game da abinci na, na kai ga manufa (hakika, wannan ba daidai ba ne ga kowa da kowa): Ban taba jin karfi, matasa da inganci ba. Anan akwai masu kashe kwayoyin cuta da masu dawo da su !!!… Kuma nama – har da nama broth – guba ne a gare ni: Ina shan wahala na kwanaki da yawa lokacin da na ci abinci a cikin birni a wasu gidajen cin abinci… Kuma broths na ganye, zaituni, goro da salads sun dawo da ni da ban mamaki. gudun.
Bayan mutuwar Nordman a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1914 a Orselin kusa da Locarno, Repin ya tafi Switzerland. A cikin Bita na Ganyayyaki, ya buga cikakken bayani game da abokin marigayin na rayuwarsa, game da halayenta, ayyukanta a Kuokkala, aikin adabin ta da makonnin ƙarshe na rayuwarta a Orselino. "Natalya Borisovna ita ce mafi tsananin cin ganyayyaki - har zuwa tsarki"; ta yi imani da yiwuwar warkarwa tare da "makamashi na hasken rana" da ke cikin ruwan inabi. "A kan babban tashi daga Locarno zuwa Orselino, a cikin sararin samaniya sama da tafkin Maggiore, a cikin wani ƙaramin makabarta na karkara, sama da duk manyan ƙauyuka ..." ya ta'allaka ne ga mai cin ganyayyaki. Tana jin waƙar wannan masarauta mai ƙayatarwa ga Mahalicci. Idanuwanta suna kallon cikin ƙasa da murmushi mai daɗi cikin shuɗiyar sararin sama, wanda ita, kyakkyawa kamar mala'ika, sanye da koren riga, ta kwanta a cikin akwati, lulluɓe da furanni masu ban sha'awa na kudu….
An buga wasiyyar NB Nordman a cikin Bulletin mai cin ganyayyaki. Gidan "Penates" da ke Kuokkale, wanda mallakarta ne, an ba shi gadon IE Repin har abada, kuma bayan mutuwarsa an yi nufin na'urar "Gidan IE Repin". Kuokkala daga 1920 zuwa 1940 sannan daga 1941 har zuwa lokacin mulkin kasar Finland yana kan yankin Finnish - amma tun 1944 ana kiran wannan yanki Repino. Babban tarin zane-zane na NB Nordman, ayyuka ɗari da yawa na mashahuran Rasha da masu zane-zane da sculptors na ƙasashen waje sun kasance masu daraja sosai. Duk waɗannan an ba da su ga gidan kayan tarihi na Repin na gaba a Moscow. Yaƙin Duniya na farko da juyin juya hali sun hana aiwatar da wannan shirin, amma akwai "Museum-estate of IE Repin Penata" a cikin Repino.
Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Prometheus da ke Kuokkala, wanda kuma mallakin NB Nordman ne, da kuma wasu gidaje biyu a Ollila, an tsara shi don dalilai na ilimi. Shaidu a cikin shirye-shiryen wasiyyar sun kasance, da sauransu, actress (da gimbiya) LB Baryatinskaya-Yavorskaya da sculptor Paolo Trubetskoy.
Kwanan nan, ɗaya daga cikin shaidu na ƙarshe ya mutu, yana tunawa da wannan cibiyar al'adun Rasha tun lokacin ƙuruciya - DS Likhachev: "A kan iyakar da Ollila (yanzu Solnechnoye) akwai Repin Penates. Kusa da Penat, KI Chukovsky ya gina gidan rani don kansa (IE Repin ya taimaka masa a cikin wannan - duka tare da kudi da shawara). A wasu lokutan rani, Mayakovsky ya rayu, Meyerhold ya zo, <...> Leonid Andreev, Chaliapin da sauransu da yawa sun zo Repin. <...> A wasan kwaikwayo na sadaka, sun yi ƙoƙari su yi mamaki tare da abubuwan mamaki <...> Amma akwai kuma wasan kwaikwayon "masu mahimmanci". Repin ya karanta tarihinsa. Chukovsky ya karanta kada. Matar Repin ta gabatar da ganyaye da ganyaye.”
Chukovsky ya tabbata cewa Repin, bayan da ya dawo daga Switzerland, ya yi zargin cewa wani tsari na daban zai ci gaba da mulki a cikin Penates: "Na farko, Ilya Efimovich ya soke tsarin cin ganyayyaki kuma, bisa shawarar likitoci, ya fara cin nama a cikin abinci. ƙananan yawa.” Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa likitoci sun ba da irin wannan shawara, amma cewa babu wata alama ta cin ganyayyaki ba abin yarda ba ne. Mayakovsky ya koka da baya a lokacin rani na 1915 cewa an tilasta masa ya ci "Ganyen Repin" a Kuokkala ... David Burliuk da Vasily Kamensky kuma suna magana game da menus masu cin ganyayyaki a cikin shekara bayan mutuwar Nordman. Burliuk ya rubuta game da Fabrairu 18, 1915:
"<...> Kowane mutum, da sauri ta Ilya Efimovich da Tatyana Ilyinichnaya, suna kallo daga tattaunawar da aka fara tsakanin sababbin mutane, sun tashi zuwa ga shahararren cin ganyayyaki. Na zauna na fara nazarin wannan na'ura a hankali daga gefen tsarinta, da kuma abubuwan da ke ciki.
Mutane goma sha uku ko goma sha hudu suka zauna a wani katon teburi. A gaban kowanne akwai cikakken kayan aiki. Babu bayi, bisa ga kyawawan dabi'un Penates, kuma an shirya abincin gabaɗaya akan ƙaramin tebur mai zagaye, wanda, kamar carousel, tsayin kwata, yana tsakiyar babban. Tebur din da masu cin abinci ke zaune da kayan yankan suka tsaya babu motsi, amma wanda kwanon (ban da kayan cin ganyayyaki kawai) ke tsaye a kai yana sanye da hannaye, kuma kowanne daga cikin wadanda ke wurin yana iya jujjuya shi ta hanyar jawo hannun, don haka sanya kowane daga cikinsu. tasa a gabansu. .
Tun da akwai mutane da yawa, ba zai iya yin ba tare da abubuwan ban sha'awa: Chukovsky yana son namomin kaza mai gishiri, ya kama kan "carousel", yana jan namomin kaza zuwa gare shi, kuma a wannan lokacin Futurists sunyi ƙoƙari su kawo cikakken baho na sauerkraut, da dadi. yafa masa cranberries da lingonberries, kusa da su.
Shahararriyar teburin zagaye a cikin salon "Penates" an nuna shi a kan kullun wannan littafi.
Repin ya shafe shekaru talatin na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa a Kuokkala, wanda a lokacin ya kasance na Finland. Chukovsky gudanar ya ziyarci Repin, sa'an nan ya riga shekaru tamanin, Janairu 21, 1925, kuma a lokaci guda sake ganin tsohon gidansa. Ya ba da rahoton cewa Repin a fili har yanzu yana kan ra'ayinsa na sauƙaƙewa: daga Yuni zuwa Agusta yana barci a cikin kurciya. Chukovsky ya gabatar da tambayar "shin yanzu mai cin ganyayyaki ne?" Ba mu sami amsa a cikin diary ba, amma wannan labarin ba shi da sha'awar wannan ma'anar: kadan a baya, wani likita, Dr. ya bukaci shi ya matsa zuwa Tarayyar Soviet - sun yi masa alkawarin mota, wani gida, 250 rubles na albashi ... Repin ya ki amincewa. A matsayin kyauta, sun kawo shi - a watan Janairu daga Tarayyar Soviet - kwandon 'ya'yan itace - peaches, tangerines, lemu, apples. Repin ya ɗanɗana waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa, amma bisa la'akari da cewa shi, kamar 'yarsa Vera, ya lalata cikinsa a cikin tsari, ya yi la'akari da cewa ya zama dole a duba waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa a Cibiyar Biochemical da ke Helsinki. Ya ji tsoron kada su kashe shi…
Cin ganyayyaki na Repin, kamar yadda rubutun da aka kawo a nan ya nuna, ya dogara ne akan la'akari da lafiya, yana da kwarin gwiwa "tsafta". Tsananta kansa, mai son Spartanism, ya kawo shi kusa da Tolstoy. A cikin wani daftarin labarin da ba a gama ba game da Tolstoy, Repin ya yaba da son zuciyar Tolstoy: “Tafiya: bayan tafiya mai nisan mil 2 da sauri, gaba ɗaya gumi, ya yi gaggawar jefar da rigarsa mai sauƙi, ya garzaya cikin madatsar ruwan sanyi na kogin a Yasnaya Polyana. Na yi ado ba tare da bushewa ba, yayin da ɗigon ruwa ke riƙe da iskar oxygen - jiki yana numfashi ta cikin pores.
Tun daga ƙarshen 1870s, Repin kansa koyaushe yana barci tare da taga bude, bisa shawarar wani matashin likita na Moscow, har ma a cikin sanyi. Bugu da ƙari, ya kasance, kamar Tolstoy, ma'aikaci marar gajiyawa. Ya rage lokacin aikinsa. Chukovsky ya ruwaito cewa ban da babban atelier, Repin kuma yana da karamin bita, wanda yawanci yakan je. Tsakanin karfe 1 da 2 na rana aka kai masa abincin rana ta wata karamar taga da ke kofar: radish, karas, apple da gilashin shayin da ya fi so. Da na je wurin cin abinci, da ko da yaushe zan yi asarar mintuna 20. Wannan zaman kadaici da ceton kuɗi a teburin cin ganyayyaki Benjamin Franklin ɗan shekara 16 ya taɓa ɗauka yana da amfani. Amma Repin ya yi watsi da wannan aikin a 1907 bisa shawarar likita, kuma taga ya rufe.
Tambayar yadda tasirin NB Nordman akan Repin ya kasance mai rikitarwa na dogon lokaci. I. Grabar a cikin 1964 ya bayyana ra'ayin cewa tasirin Nordman ba shi da fa'ida kuma ba ta da kuzarin aikin Repin; Mawaƙin da kansa ya yi zargin cewa a ƙarshe ya fara gajiya da kulawarta kuma bai damu sosai ba lokacin da ta mutu a 1914. Abin ban mamaki, a cewar Grabar, ya kasance gaskiyar farkon koma baya na aikin Repin:
"A cikin 900s, maganganunsa da ayyukansa sun fara ɗaukar wani bakon hali, kusan halin yara. Kowa ya tuna da sha'awar Repin ga ciyawa da farfagandarsa na wannan "mafi kyawun abinci ga mutum." <...> Ya ba da duk yanayin zafinsa, duk sha'awarsa ba don yin zane ba, amma ga Natalia Borisovna. <...> daga wanda bai yarda da Allah ba, yana izgili da son zuciya, a hankali ya koma mai addini. <...> Abin da Nordman-Severova ya fara ya ƙare bayan juyin juya halin da 'yan gudun hijirar Rasha suka kewaye Repin <...>. Akasin wannan hukunci, IS Zilberstein ya rubuta a cikin 1948 game da shekarun farko a Kuokkala: “Wannan lokacin rayuwar Repin har yanzu tana jiran mai bincikenta, wanda zai tabbatar da mahimmancin Nordman a rayuwar Repin da aikinsa. Amma har yanzu ana iya jayayya cewa Repin bai taɓa yin fenti ko fentin kowa ba kamar Nordman. Katafaren hoton hotuna, wanda Repin ya yi sama da shekaru goma sha uku na rayuwarsu tare, ya ƙunshi ɗimbin hotunan mai da ɗaruruwan zane. Ya faru cewa kawai wani ɓangare na waɗannan hotuna da zane-zane sun ƙare a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, kuma ɓangaren ba shi da mahimmanci.
Repin ya adana mafi kyawun hotunan Nordman da zane-zane daga gare ta a cikin Penates har zuwa shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwarsa. Dakin cin abinci ya rataye wannan hoton Nordman, wanda Repin ya yi a farkon makonnin farkon saninsu, a lokacin zamansu a Tyrol a 1900, inda Repin, tare da Natalya Borisovna, suka tafi bayan ganawa a Paris.
Ana iya ganin wannan hoton a kusurwar dama na hoton 1915, inda aka ɗauki Repin tare da baƙi, daga cikinsu VV Mayakovsky (cf. murfin littafin). Sai Mayakovsky ya rubuta wakarsa mai suna "A Cloud in Pants" a Kuokkala.
Har ila yau, KI Chukovsky, wanda a hankali lura da rayuwar Repin da Nordman shekaru da yawa (tun 1906), yana ganin rabo daga cikin wadannan biyu karfi haruffa wajen gaskiya. Nordman, in ji shi, ya kawo tsari ga rayuwar Repin (musamman, ta hanyar hana ziyartan “shahararrun Larabar”); tun 1901 ta fara tattara dukan wallafe-wallafe game da aikinsa. Kuma Repin da kansa ya yarda da cewa ya bi bashi daya daga cikin manyan nasarorin da ya samu - abun da ke tattare da "Majalisar Jiha" (wanda aka rubuta 1901-1903) zuwa NB, ya ba da rahoton wani rikici a cikin aurensu a watan Oktoba 46 - Repin sannan ya so ya rabu da aure.