Contents
Jikin mutum yana cike da asirai. Daya daga cikinsu shi ne mafari.
Kamar duk gabobin da ba a haɗa su ba, saifa, a hankali, ya kamata a “ɓoye” a hankali a cikin jiki a bayan kyallen takarda da ƙasusuwa. Amma a gaskiya ma, yana kusa da ƙasa don haka sauƙi ya ji rauni. Sawa ba shi da ayyuka na musamman da sauran gabobin ba za su iya yi ba. Haka ne, kuma mutum zai iya rayuwa ba tare da shi ba (ba shakka, tare da canji a salon rayuwa). Amma a lokaci guda, har yanzu ƙwanƙwasa yana wanzu saboda wasu dalilai a cikin dukkanin vertebrates. Kuma a kasar Sin, ana kiranta da girmamawa - "mahaifiyar jiki ta biyu."
Menene maƙarƙashiya, zai iya ciwo, kuma yaya ake bi da shi? Muna amsa wadannan da sauran tambayoyi da dan takarar kimiyyar likita, babban likita na mafi girman nau'in tare da ƙwarewa a cikin ilimin gastroenterology da ilimin zuciya Yulia Esipenko.
Abin da ke da mahimmanci a san game da ƙwayar ɗan adam
| Siffa da launi | Oval (mai sifar wake) mai lanƙwasa, ja mai duhu (crimson). |
| Girma na manya | Fickle. A matsakaici, a cikin: tsayi - 12-14 cm, nisa - 8-9 cm, kauri - 3-4 cm. Ana la'akari da shi mafi girma ga tsarin rigakafi. |
| Nauyin manya | 150-200 g (wani lokaci fiye). |
| ayyuka | 1) Safa wani sashin jiki ne na tsarin rigakafi, yana shiga cikin hematopoiesis tare da kashin baya da ƙwayoyin lymph. 2) Yana samar da rigakafin rigakafi, yana wanke jinin cututtuka da matattun kwayoyin halitta, yana lalata tsofaffi ko lalata jajayen kwayoyin halitta.1. 3) Yana shiga cikin matakai na kawar da kumburi2. |
Ina kwararon dan Adam yake
Safa yana cikin sashin hagu na sama na rami na ciki, dan kadan a bayan ciki, a matakin hakarkarin 9-11. Wato, idan ya yi zafi sama da ƙananan ƙananan haƙarƙari a gefen hagu, wannan na iya zama ƙwayar da za ta sa kanta.
Duban wurin da gabobin suke, saifa yana tsakanin ciki, koda na hagu da kuma hanji.
Menene siffar ɗan adam kuma yaya yake aiki?
A waje, ƙwayar ɗan adam yana kama da wake mai laushi: siffar mai tsayi mai tsayi, launin shuɗi (kamar yadda ya kamata ya kasance ga sashin hematopoietic). Safa yana cikin gabobin parenchymal: wato, babu rami a ciki (kamar alal misali, cikin ciki), kuma ana kiran nama mai aiki da parenchyma. Yana kama da soso, kuma duk tsarin ilimin lissafi yana faruwa a cikinsa.
"Babban ɓangaren litattafan almara" na splin ya ƙunshi fararen fata da ja. Na farko yana samar da ƙwayoyin B, waɗanda ke samar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi, da ƙwayoyin T, waɗanda ke gano da lalata ƙwayoyin cuta tare da antigens na waje. Ana buƙatar jan ɓangaren litattafan almara don sabuntawar jini (yana lalata tsofaffin erythrocytes marasa lahani, yana shiga cikin sarrafa ƙarfe), kuma yana kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa tare da taimakon macrophages da granulocytes.4yana aiki azaman tafki don leukocytes da platelets. A matsayin tafki, saifa ya ƙunshi kusan gilashin jini, wanda aka fitar a cikin tsarin jini na gaba ɗaya idan an buƙata.
Akwai nau'i biyu na safa: diaphragmatic da visceral. A karshen akwai ƙofofin ƙofofi - wani nau'in tashar jiragen ruwa. Jijiyoyin jijiya na wucewa ta ƙofar, daga inda jini ke shiga sashin jiki, kuma jijiyar splenic ta fita. Yana tattara jini daga saifa, ciki, pancreas, da mafi girma omentum, sa'an nan ya haɗu da mesenteric veins don samar da portal vein. Daga nan, jini tare da kayan lalata suna shiga hanta don lalatawa, a gaskiya ma, aiki na ƙarshe.
Me yasa sawun ɗan adam zai iya ciwo
Wannan sashin jiki yana da ƙarshen jijiyoyi (saboda abin da mutum zai iya jin zafi) waɗanda ke cikin capsule. Sabili da haka, ƙwayar zai iya cutar da ita kawai tare da karuwa a cikin girma, haka ma, da sauri sosai5. Wannan na iya faruwa saboda dalilai da dama.
Ciwon jiki na iya bayyana, misali, lokacin ko bayan gudu. Saboda nauyin nauyi, jinin jini yana ƙaruwa sosai, saifa ya shimfiɗa, kuma waɗannan abubuwan da ba su da kyau suna bayyana a cikin hypochondrium na hagu, wanda ya saba da mutane da yawa (tuna da akalla darussan ilimin motsa jiki). A cikin mata masu juna biyu, saifa, tare da sauran gabobin ciki, an "zalunta" ta mahaifa a cikin matakai na gaba, wanda kuma zai iya haifar da ciwo.
Sau da yawa saifa yana bayyana a cikin shawarwarin masana kiwon lafiya: sashin jiki yakan lalace yayin fadace-fadace da tashin hankali. Kuma ko da yake splin yana bayan hakarkarinsa, yana kusa da saman, don haka ana iya ji rauni ba kawai tare da makami ba, amma kawai tare da hannu ko ma lokacin fadowa.
Akwai ƙarin dalilai na pathological don jin zafi a cikin yankin splin. Ana nuna su ba kawai ta hanyar zafi ba, har ma da sauran alamun. Bari mu yi magana game da su.
Gabaɗaya an yarda cewa mutum yana da ƙyalli ɗaya kawai. Amma akwai lokuta marasa al'ada na girma nama: a waje, yana kama da ƙarin "ƙananan spleens". Ana kiran su a cikin kimiyya - kayan haɗi.3. Matsalar ita ce, duk da ƙananan girman su (yawanci har zuwa 2 cm), suna iya damfara tasoshin jini, suna cutar da lafiya.
Matsar da saifa
Yawancin lokaci saifa ba ya motsi saboda jijiyoyin da ke riƙe da shi. Amma wani lokacin, alal misali, bayan da yawa masu ciki ko haɓakar gabobin jiki, na'urar ligamentous tana yin rauni, kuma saifa na iya motsawa har ma da murɗawa. Volvulus na saifa shine mafi hatsarin bambance-bambancen ƙaura, saboda yana iya haifar da thrombosis ko ma necrosis na kyallen jikin gabobin (necrosis).
Mutumin da ke da maƙasudin ƙaura yana jin zafi saboda tashin hankali na ligaments da rushewar tsarin jini.
Thrombosis na splenic vein
A kan bango na pancreatic ko cututtuka, bayan raunin da ya faru, irin wannan rikitarwa kamar thrombosis na splenic vein na iya tasowa. Amma wani lokacin jini yana toshewa a cikin lumen na jijiyoyi da kansu, ba tare da matsalolin baya ba.
Tare da cikakken toshewar jini, fitar da jini daga maɗaura ya tsaya, sashin jiki yana ƙaruwa da girma.
Dapeculiarity na cutar shi ne cewa da farko ya ci gaba ba tare da lura da mutum. Daga baya, akwai zafi da jin nauyi a gefen hagu, wani lokacin zafi mai zafi yana tashi. Wannan shine yadda tsarin kumburi ya bayyana kansa. Wani lokaci akwai ciwon jini: zubar jini, amai da jini.
A farkon bayyanar cututtuka, ya kamata ku tuntuɓi likita: kuna iya buƙatar dakatar da zubar jini don kauce wa rikitarwa.
Zubar da ciki
Wannan cuta tana da alaƙa da cin zarafi na samar da jini: lokacin da jini na dogon lokaci ba ya gudana da kyau a cikin wani yanki ko wani yanki, sannu a hankali ya mutu. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda rassan jijiyar splenic ba sa haɗuwa da juna kuma ba za su iya taimakawa wajen tabbatar da jini a cikin yanayin "raguwa" ba.
Infarction na splin na iya nuna:
- zafi a cikin hypochondrium na hagu, yana haskakawa zuwa kafada na hagu (ƙara ta inhalation);
- sanyi, subfebrile zazzabi6.
Dangane da alamun, ciwon ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta na iya rikicewa tare da m pancreatitis ko pyelonephritis. Amma a wasu lokuta, ciwon zuciya bazai bayyana kansa ba.
Neoplasms
Cyst wani rami ne mara kyau a cikin magudanar ruwa wanda zai iya zama na haihuwa ko samu (misali, bayan rauni ko kamuwa da cuta). Ana iya samun neoplasms da yawa a cikin gaɓa ɗaya. Alamun bazai bayyana na dogon lokaci ba har sai cyst (ko cysts) ya karu da girma. Ciwon yana da matsakaici. Daga cikin sauran bayyanar cututtuka: nauyi a cikin hypochondrium na hagu, rauni, rashin lafiyar urination, canje-canje na stool.
Idan babu rikitarwa, kuma cyst kanta ba ya girma da sauri, to yawanci ba a buƙatar magani - amma ya kamata a kula da shi akai-akai. A cikin lokuta masu wahala, zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban suna yiwuwa, har zuwa cirewa.
Sauran neoplasms kuma an bambanta: m (misali, hemangiomas, lipomas) da m.
Rashin gajiya, rashin tausayi mara dalili, zafi da nauyi a gefen hagu, asarar ci da asarar nauyi kwatsam - waɗannan alamun ya kamata a kula da su kuma nan da nan tuntuɓi likita.
Sakamako
Ramin da ke cike da nau'in mugunya a cikin maƙarƙashiya. Yawancin lokaci, ƙurji yana tasowa azaman rikitarwa na wata cuta. Dalili na iya zama kamuwa da cuta, rauni (lokacin da hematoma ya fara yin zafi), ko ciwon ƙwayar cuta. Baya ga ciwo, alamu na iya haɗawa da zazzabi, sanyi, da gumi.
Yaya ake bi da zuriyar ɗan adam?
Don kowane canji na lafiya, ya kamata ku tuntuɓi likita. Don farawa, duba mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali. Likita zai bincika, rubuta gwaje-gwaje da sauran nazarin, idan ya cancanta, koma zuwa ƙwararrun ƙwararru. Bincike na iya buƙatar gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje, duban dan tayi, fluoroscopy, na'urar daukar hoto.
Bayan an tabbatar da ganewar asali, likita zai rubuta magani. Maganin ra'ayin mazan jiya, da farko, yana ba da kwanciyar hankali da sanyi a yankin hypochondrium na hagu. Sauran ya dogara da cutar.
Shirye-shirye
Amfani da magunguna yana nufin magani na mazan jiya. Magungunan likita ne kawai ke ba da izini kuma kawai bisa ga alamu.
Misali, tare da kumburin ciki da aka gano, ana ba da magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta masu fadi ban da hanyoyin fida na jiyya.
Splenopoxy
Lokacin da aka yi gudun hijira ba tare da rikitarwa ba (a cikin nau'i na scars ko necrosis), ana yin aiki don haɗa sashin jiki zuwa diaphragm. Hasali ma, ana suture sawun don kada ya zagaya cikin kogon ciki don gujewa hadarin karkatarwa.
Resection
Ana yin aikin idan ana buƙatar tiyata a cikin babba ko ƙananan ɓangaren ƙwayar cuta, kuma a lokaci guda yana yiwuwa a ceci gabobin. Za'a iya cire wani ɓangare na saifa, alal misali, tare da ƙwayar cuta mara kyau.
Splenectomy
Wannan shine sunan aikin cire mashi. Alamomi ga wannan na iya zama daban-daban cututtuka da anomalies (misali, kaura daga wani gabobin da tsokanar volvulus da necrosis).
Zai yiwu a rayu ba tare da saifa ba: manyan ayyuka na gabobin "rarrabe" hanta da lymph nodes a tsakanin su. Amma a lokaci guda, haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka masu haɗari, kamar meningococcus da pneumococcus, yana ƙaruwa. Don haka, mutanen da aka cire hanjinsu saboda wasu dalilai ana ba da shawarar a yi musu rigakafin cututtuka da dama, ciki har da mura.4.
Sauran Magani ga Matsala
Dangane da nunin, ana iya buƙatar jiyya daban-daban.
Abscesses da wasu cysts na iya buƙatar magudanar ruwa na percutaneous. Ta hanyar ƙaramin rami, likita ya shigar da bututun magudanar ruwa a cikin sashin jiki, ta inda ake cire abubuwan da ke cikin rami kuma a bi da su tare da maganin antiseptik.
Idan an gano ciwon daji, likita na iya rubuta chemotherapy da/ko maganin radiation. Amma kawai a farkon matakai. Matakai na 3 da 4 na Oncology sun haɗa da kawar da saifa kawai.
Yadda za a kiyaye lafiyar ku a gida
Rigakafin cututtuka na ƙwayar cuta ya haɗa da shawarwari na asali don kula da lafiya. Wannan daidaitaccen abinci ne tare da kayan lambu mai yawa, ganye da berries, salon rayuwa mai aiki, rashin halaye mara kyau. Amma akwai wasu takamaiman dokoki waɗanda kuke buƙatar bi idan ba ku son zuwa wurin likita.
- motsa jiki mai ma'ana. Yana da amfani don motsawa, saboda wannan hanya za ku iya kauce wa stagnation a cikin jiki. Amma yana da mahimmanci a bi ka'idodin aminci - tuna cewa splin yana da rauni, yana da sauƙi don lalata shi.
- Tufafi bisa ga yanayin da girma. Safa na iya mayar da martani sosai ga hypothermia, amma ana iya guje wa hakan ta hanyar sanya kayan da suka dace da yanayi a cikin yanayin sanyi da iska. A lokaci guda, tufafi ya kamata ya kasance cikin girman, ba maɗauri ba: belts da belts na iya tsoma baki tare da yaduwar jini.
- Bari mu yi magana game da detox. Saifa zai ji daɗi idan kun sha isasshen ruwa mai tsafta kowace rana (wato ruwa, ba shayi, kofi ko ruwan 'ya'yan itace ba). Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a kula da abun da ke cikin abincin da kuke ci (ya kamata a kiyaye nau'ikan E-Necks zuwa ƙaramin). Kuma kada ku yi amfani da kwayoyi: duk wani "sunadarai" yana da mummunar tasiri akan yanayin ƙwayar cuta da tasoshin.
Shahararrun tambayoyi da amsoshi
Yadda za a gane matsalolin farko tare da splin, da sauran sanannun tambayoyi sun amsa dan takarar kimiyyar likitanci, babban likita na babban rukuni tare da ƙwarewa a cikin ilimin gastroenterology da ilimin zuciya Yuliya Esipenko.
Wane likita ne ke maganin zuriyar mutum?
Menene alamun farko na matsalolin maƙarƙashiya?
Har ila yau, akwai wata cuta da ke shafar ƙwayar cuta - cirrhosis na hanta. Akwai ciwon hanta, wanda aka gano a cikin gwaje-gwajen jini, wanda kuma yana nuna karuwa a cikin ƙwayar. A lokaci guda kuma, mutumin da kansa bazai jin zafi da sauran abubuwan ban mamaki ba. Likita ne kawai zai iya tantance cutar bisa sakamakon gwaje-gwaje da cikakken bincike.
Mafi sau da yawa, lokacin da yazo da matsalolin ƙwayar cuta, muna magana ne game da wani nau'i na rauni bayan wani abu mara kyau a cikin ciki ko faduwa. Abin da ya faru: capsule ya karya kan tasiri, zubar da jini mai yawa yana faruwa. Alamar alama, wannan yana bayyana kansa kamar haka: mutum ya juya kodadde, gumi, bugun zuciyarsa yana saurin sauri, kuma duk wannan akan bangon wani ciwo mai tsanani a cikin ciki. Wannan yanayin yana buƙatar taimakon gaggawa na likita. Sabili da haka, idan akwai raunin da ya faru, da farko muna tunani game da splin.
Gwajin jini na gaba ɗaya zai taimaka wajen gano wasu matsalolin, musamman idan an sami raguwar haemoglobin, karuwa ko raguwa a matakin leukocytes, platelets.
Wadanne abinci ne ke da kyau ga ciwon zuciya?
Ta yaya rayuwar mutum ke canzawa bayan an cire zuriyar?
A farkon lokacin aikin tiyata, ana iya samun wasu matsaloli, wanda zazzabi ya bayyana, ƙara zafi, da zubar jini.
Bayan kau da saifa, yana da mahimmanci musamman don kula da lafiyar ku. Ana ba da shawarar hanyoyin ƙarfafa gabaɗaya, gami da taurin jiki, rigakafin mura. Tabbas kuna buƙatar ɗan lokaci bayan aikin (aƙalla shekaru 2-3) don ganin likitan jini don daidaita tsarin jiyya. Zai yiwu a rubuta kwayoyi don hana thrombosis, tun da wannan shine mafi hatsarin haɗari wanda ke faruwa bayan cirewar ƙwayar cuta.
Duk da haka, mutumin da aka cire ƙwayar cuta zai iya rayuwa ta al'ada, sadarwa tare da mutane har ma da wasanni.
Tushen:
- Tsari da aiki na saifa. Reina E. Mebius, Georg Kraal // Nature reviews immunology. URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/nri1669
- Gano Monocytes na Tafkin Tafkin Splenic da Tushen Su zuwa Wuraren Ƙunƙashin Ƙira. Filip K. Swirski, Matthias Nahrendorf, Martin Etzrodt, wasu // Kimiyya. 2009. 325(5940). 612-616. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2803111/
- Na'ura mai ma'ana tana kwaikwayi ciwon retroperitoneal na gefen dama. TA Britvin, NA Korsakova, DV Undercut // Bulletin of Surgery. 2017. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/dobavochnaya-selezyonka-imitiruyuschaya-pravostoronnyuyu-zabryushinnuyu-opuhol/viewer
- Bayanin Spleen. Harry S. Yakubu // Littafin MSD. URL: https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/professional/hematology-and-oncology/spleen-disorders/overview-of-the-spleen
- Ciwon ciki: ganewar asali, yiwuwar hanyoyin warkewa. HE. Minushkin // RMJ. 2002. No. 15. URL: https://www.rmj.ru/articles/gastroenterologiya/Abdominalynaya_boly_differencialynaya_diagnostika_vozmoghnye_lechebnye_podhody/
- Tiyata ga cututtuka na saifa. Taimakon koyarwa. AV Bolshov, V. Ya. Khryshchanovich // BSMU Minsk. 2015. URL: http://rep.bsmu.by/bitstream/handle/BSMU/7986/366534-%D0%B1%D1%80..pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y