A babban birnin Qatar, Doha, a karshen watan Maris, an gudanar da taron mahalarta taron kan cinikayyar kasa da kasa, na wakilan nau'in namun daji da flora (CITES). Kwararru daga kasashe 178 da suka hada da Rasha, sun hallara don daukar matakan hadin gwiwa don hana shari'ar cinikin dabbobi da tsirrai ba bisa ka'ida ba.
Kasuwancin dabbobi a yau yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan kasuwancin inuwa mafi riba. A cewar Interpol, irin wannan aiki a duniya shi ne na biyu a fannin kudi bayan fataucin miyagun kwayoyi - fiye da dala biliyan 6 a shekara.
A cikin watan Yulin shekarar da ta gabata ne jami'an kwastam suka gano wani katon akwatin katako a cikin dakin jirgin St. Petersburg-Sevastopol. A ciki akwai wani zaki dan Afirka dan wata goma. Mai shi yana cikin karusa na gaba. Ba shi da takarda ko guda akan mafarauci. Abin sha'awa shine, ɗan fasa-kwaurin ya shawo kan jagororin cewa "babban kare ne kawai."
Ana fitar da maharan daga Rasha ba kawai ta hanyar dogo ba. Don haka, 'yan watanni da suka gabata, wata zaki mai shekaru uku Naomi da wata damisa Ussuri mai watanni biyar Radzha - yanzu mazaunan gidan zoo na Tula - kusan sun ƙare a Belarus. Wata mota da dabbobi ta yi kokarin zamewa ta kan iyakar. Direban motar ma yana da fasfo na dabbobi na kyanwa, amma babu wani izini na musamman don fitar da dabbobin da ba kasafai ba.
Aleksey Vaysman ya shafe fiye da shekaru 15 yana fama da matsalar safarar dabbobi. Shi ne mai kula da shirin binciken cinikin namun daji na TRAFFIC. Wannan aikin haɗin gwiwa ne na Asusun Kula da namun daji na Duniya (WWF) da Ƙungiyar Kare Haɗin Duniya (IUCN). Aikin TRAFFIC shi ne kula da cinikin namun daji da tsirrai. Alexey ya san ainihin abin da "samfurin" ke cikin mafi girman buƙata a Rasha da kasashen waje. Ya bayyana cewa ana jigilar dubunnan dabbobin da ba kasafai ake kai su ba a kan iyakokin Tarayyar Rasha kowace shekara. Kama su yana faruwa, a matsayin mai mulkin, a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Afirka da Latin Amurka.
Ana kawo parrots, dabbobi masu rarrafe da dabbobi masu rarrafe zuwa Rasha, kuma ana fitar da fulcons (gyrfalcons, falcons peregrine, saker falcons), da aka jera a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna da kima sosai a yankin Larabawa. A can ana amfani da su a cikin falconry na gargajiya. Farashin mutum ɗaya zai iya kaiwa dala dubu ɗari da yawa.
Misali, a watan Satumbar 2009, an dakatar da wani yunkurin safarar baragurbin duwatsu guda takwas a kan iyaka ba bisa ka'ida ba a hukumar kwastan dake Domodedovo. Kamar yadda aka kafa, ana shirin jigilar tsuntsayen zuwa Doha. An sanya su tsakanin kwalabe na kankara a cikin jaka biyu na wasanni; yanayin falcons yayi muni. Jami’an kwastan sun mika tsuntsayen ga cibiyar ceto namun daji dake kusa da birnin Moscow. Bayan keɓewar kwanaki 20, an saki falcons. Wadannan tsuntsaye sun yi sa'a, amma sauran, waɗanda ba a iya samun su ba, ba su da sa'a sosai: an yi musu magani, an nannade su da tef, bakinsu da idanunsu an dinke su. A bayyane yake cewa ba za a iya yin magana game da kowane abinci da ruwa ba. Ƙara zuwa ga wannan mafi ƙarfin damuwa - kuma muna samun babban mace-mace.
Jami’an kwastam sun bayyana dalilin da ya sa masu fasa-kwaurin ba sa tsoron rasa wasu “kaya”: suna biyan irin wadannan kudade ga nau’in da ba kasafai ake samun su ba, wanda ko da kwafin daya ne ya tsira, zai biya duka. Masu kama, dillalai, masu siyarwa - duk suna haifar da lalacewar da ba za a iya gyarawa ba ga yanayi.
Kishirwa ga masu kutsawa cikin riba tana kaiwa ga gushewar nau'ikan da ba kasafai ba.
“Abin takaici, laushin dokokin mu ba ya ba mu damar magance safarar dabbobi yadda ya kamata. A Rasha, babu wani labarin dabam da zai yi magana game da shi, ”in ji Alexander Karelin, babban sufeton Hukumar Kwastam ta Tarayya.
Ya bayyana cewa ana daidaita wakilan fauna da kayayyaki na yau da kullun. Kuna iya fara shari'ar laifi kawai a ƙarƙashin Mataki na 188 na Code of Criminal Code na Tarayyar Rasha "Smuggling", idan an tabbatar da cewa farashin "kaya mai rai" ya wuce 250 rubles.
"A matsayinka na mai mulki, farashin "kaya" bai wuce wannan adadin ba, don haka masu fasa-kwauri sukan tashi tare da ƙananan kuɗin gudanarwa na 20-30 dubu rubles don rashin sanarwa da zalunci ga dabbobi," in ji shi.
Amma yadda za a ƙayyade nawa dabba zai iya biya? Wannan ba mota ba ce wacce akwai takamaiman farashi.
Alexey Vaysman yayi bayanin yadda ake tantance misali. A cewarsa, Hukumar Kwastam ta Tarayya tana neman asusun namun daji na duniya tare da bukatar tantance darajar dabbar. Matsalar ita ce babu wani ingantaccen farashin doka na doka, kuma ana ba da adadi a kan tushen "Black Kasuwanci" da Intanet.
“Lauyan wanda ake tuhuma ya bayar da shaidarsa a gaban kotu kuma ya bincika cikin wani yare mai ban mamaki cewa dabbar tana da darajan daloli kaɗan. Kuma tuni kotu ta yanke hukuncin wanda za ta yarda - mu ko wata takarda daga Gabon ko Kamaru. Aiki ya nuna cewa sau da yawa kotu ta aminta da lauyoyi,” in ji Weissman.
A cewar wakilan Asusun namun daji, yana yiwuwa a gyara wannan yanayin. A cikin labarin 188 na Criminal Code na Tarayyar Rasha, ya kamata a ba da izinin "smoggling" a cikin wani layi daban a matsayin hukunci ga safarar dabbobi ba bisa ka'ida ba, kamar yadda aka yi a cikin sha'anin kwayoyi da makamai. Ana neman hukunci mai tsanani ba kawai ta Asusun namun daji ba, har ma da Rosprirodnadzor.
Ganowa da kuma kwace "fasikarfin kai tsaye" har yanzu shine rabin matsalar, bayan haka dabbobin suna buƙatar a ajiye su a wani wuri. Yana da sauƙi ga falcons don samun tsari, saboda bayan kwanaki 20-30 an riga an sake su a cikin mazauninsu na halitta. Tare da m, zafi-ƙaunar jinsunan, ya fi wuya. A cikin Rasha, kusan babu wasu gidajen reno na musamman na jihar don fallasa dabbobi.
"Muna tafiya yadda za mu iya. Babu inda za a sa dabbobin da aka kwace. Ta hanyar Rosprirodnadzor muna samun wasu gidajen reno masu zaman kansu, wasu lokutan gidajen namun daji suna haduwa da rabi,” in ji Alexander Karelin, babban jami’in hukumar kwastam na tarayya.
Jami'ai, masu kiyayewa da kuma Hukumar Kwastam ta Tarayya sun yarda cewa a Rasha ba shi da iko a kan yaduwar dabbobi a cikin gida, babu wata doka da ta tsara kasuwanci a cikin nau'in da ba na asali ba da aka jera a CITES. Kawai babu wata doka a kasar da za a iya kwace dabbobi bayan sun tsallaka kan iyaka. Idan kun sami nasarar zamewa ta hanyar kwastam, to ana iya siyar da kwafin da aka shigo da shi kyauta kuma ku saya. A lokaci guda kuma, masu siyar da “kaya masu rai” suna jin ba a hukunta su ba.