Will Tuttle, Ph.D., daya daga cikin manyan jigo a cikin yunkurin kare hakkin dabbobi na zamani, marubucin The World Peace Diet, a takaice kuma a takaice ya zayyana tarihi da juyin halitta na yunkurin kare hakkin dabbobi na duniya.
A cewar Dr. Tuttle, manufar hukuma ita ce, an sanya dabbobi a doron ƙasa don mutane su yi amfani da su, kuma zalunci, a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin amfani da su, ya zama abin karɓa. A sakamakon haka, farfesa ya yi imanin, motsin kare hakkin dabba yana da mummunar barazana ga tsarin ikon da ake da shi a duniya.
Mai zuwa shine cikakken jawabin Ph.D. a taron kare hakkin dabbobi na duniya a Los Angeles a karshen watan Yuli na wannan shekara.
"Lokacin da muka kalubalanci wannan ra'ayi na hukuma, muna kuma nuna shakku kan tsarin iko da kuma ra'ayin duniya na wannan al'ada, da kuma yadda al'adunmu suka yarda da fassarar tarihinta. Dukanmu muna sane da misalan misalai da yawa na ra'ayoyin hukuma na karya waɗanda suke a halin yanzu ko sun kasance a baya. Alal misali: "Idan ba ku ci nama, madara da ƙwai ba, mutum zai mutu saboda ƙarancin furotin"; "Idan ba a wadata ruwa da fluorine ba, to hakora za su lalace ta hanyar caries"; "Dabbobi ba su da rai"; "Manufar harkokin wajen Amurka na da nufin kafa 'yanci da dimokuradiyya a duniya"; "Don samun lafiya, kuna buƙatar shan magani kuma a yi muku allurar rigakafi," da sauransu…
Tushen motsin haƙƙin dabba yana tambayar manufar hukuma a matakinsa mafi zurfi. Sabili da haka, motsin haƙƙin dabba yana da mummunar barazana ga tsarin wutar lantarki da ake ciki. A taƙaice, ƙungiyar kare hakkin dabba ta gangara zuwa salon cin ganyayyaki wanda ke rage zaluntar mu ga dabbobi zuwa ƙarami. Kuma muna iya bin diddigin tushen wannan yunkuri namu zuwa ga tarihin al’ummarmu.
Kamar yadda binciken ilimin dan adam ya nuna, kimanin shekaru dubu 8-10 da suka gabata, a yankin da kasar Iraki take a yanzu, mutane sun fara yin kiwo - mallaka da kuma daure dabbobi don abinci - na farko awaki ne da tumaki, kuma kimanin 2. shekara dubu sai ya kara da shanu da sauran dabbobi. Na yi imani cewa wannan shi ne babban juyin juya hali na karshe a tarihin al'adunmu, wanda ya canza al'ummarmu da mu, mutanen da aka haifa a cikin wannan al'ada.
A karon farko, an fara kallon dabbobi ta fuskar kasuwancinsu, maimakon a dauka a matsayin masu zaman kansu, masu cike da sirri, suna da mutuncin kansu, makwabta a doron Duniya. Wannan juyin juya halin ya canza madaidaicin dabi'u a cikin al'ada: ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun mutane sun fice, suna mallakar shanu a matsayin alamar dukiyarsu.
An yi manyan yaƙe-yaƙe na farko. Kuma kalmar "yaki", a cikin tsohon Sanskrit "gavyaa", a zahiri yana nufin: "sha'awar kama wasu shanu." Kalmar jari-hujja, bi da bi, ta fito ne daga Latin "capita" - "kai", dangane da "shugaban shanu", kuma tare da ci gaban al'ummar da ke da hannu a ayyukan soja, auna dukiyar manyan mutane da suka mallaki kawunansu: dabbobi da mutanen da aka kama a yaki.
Matsayin mata ya ragu sosai, kuma a cikin tarihin tarihin da ya faru kimanin shekaru dubu 3 da suka gabata, an fara saye da sayar da su azaman kayayyaki. Matsayin namun daji ya ragu zuwa matsayin kwari, saboda suna iya haifar da barazana ga "babban birnin" na masu shanu. Kimiyya ta fara haɓaka ta hanyar gano hanyoyin da za a ci da kuma murkushe dabbobi da yanayi. A lokaci guda kuma, girman jinsin namiji ya ci gaba a matsayin "macho": mai kiwo da mai dabbobi, mai karfi, rashin tunani game da ayyukansa, kuma yana iya matsananciyar zalunci ga dabbobi da masu kishiyoyi.
Wannan mummunar al'adar ta yadu a gabas da Bahar Rum sannan zuwa Turai da Amurka. Har yanzu yana yaduwa. An haife mu a cikin wannan al'ada, wanda ya dogara akan ka'idoji iri ɗaya kuma yana aiki da su kowace rana.
Zamanin tarihi da ya fara kimanin shekaru 2500 da suka shige ya bar mu da shaidar jawaban farko na fitattun mutane don nuna tausayi ga dabbobi da kuma goyon bayan abin da a yau za mu kira cin ganyayyaki. A Indiya, wasu mutane biyu, Mahavir, mashahurin malamin al'adun Jain, da Shakyamuni Buddha, wanda muka sani daga tarihi a matsayin Buddha, dukansu sun yi wa'azin goyon bayan cin ganyayyaki kuma suna buƙatar daliban su su guji mallakar kowace dabba, daga cutar da su. dabbobi, kuma daga cin su don abinci. Dukkan al'adun biyu, musamman al'adar Jane, sun yi iƙirarin cewa sun samo asali ne fiye da shekaru 2500 da suka wuce, kuma tsarin rayuwa na rashin tashin hankali na mabiya addinin yana komawa baya.
Waɗannan su ne farkon masu fafutukar kare hakkin dabbobi waɗanda za mu iya magana daidai a yau. Tushen gwagwarmayar su shine koyarwa da fahimtar Ahimsa. Ahimsa ita ce akidar rashin tashin hankali da kuma yarda da ra’ayin cewa cin zarafi da ake yi wa wasu ’yan adam ba kawai rashin da’a ba ne kuma yana jawo musu wahala, amma kuma babu makawa yana jawo wahala da nauyi ga wanda shi ne tushen tashin hankali, haka nan. ga al'umma kanta.
Ahimsa shine ginshikin cin ganyayyaki, sha'awar ci gaba da zaluntar halittu ta hanyar rashin tsoma baki cikin rayuwar dabbobi ko kadan, da baiwa dabbobi ikon rayuwa da yancin rayuwarsu a cikin yanayi.
Yana da matukar muhimmanci a fahimci cewa mallakar dabbobi don abinci shine tushen lullube da ke bayyana al'adunmu, kuma kowannenmu ya kasance ko har yanzu yana ƙarƙashin tunanin da al'adun gastronomic na al'ummarmu suka tsara: tunanin rinjaye, da tunani. keɓe masu rauni daga da'irar tausayi, rage mahimmancin sauran halittu, haɓakawa.
Annabawan ruhaniya na Indiya, tare da wa'azin Ahimsa, sun ƙi kuma sun kaurace wa ainihin al'adunmu tun shekaru 2500 da suka wuce, kuma su ne farkon waɗanda ilimi ya zo mana. A sane suka yi ƙoƙari su rage zaluntar dabbobi, kuma su ba da wannan tsarin ga wasu. Wannan lokaci mai ƙarfi na juyin halittar mu na al'adunmu, wanda Karl Jaspers ya kira "Axial Age" (Axial Age), ya ba da shaida ga lokaci ɗaya ko kusa da bayyanar irin waɗannan kattai masu ɗa'a kamar Pythagoras, Heraclitus da Socrates a Bahar Rum, Zarathustra a Farisa, Lao Tzu da Chang Tzu a kasar Sin, annabi Ishaya da sauran annabawa a Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Dukkansu sun jaddada mahimmancin tausayi ga dabbobi, ƙin sadaukar da dabba, kuma sun koyar da cewa zalunci ga dabbobi yana komawa ga mutane da kansu. Abin da ke zagawa yana zuwa. Wadannan ra'ayoyin malamai na ruhaniya da masana falsafa sun yada su tsawon shekaru aru-aru, kuma a farkon zamanin Kiristanci, sufaye na Buddha sun riga sun kafa cibiyoyin ruhaniya a yammacin duniya, sun kai har zuwa Ingila, Sin da Afirka, suna kawo ka'idodin ahimsa da su. cin ganyayyaki.
Dangane da masana falsafa na da, da gangan na yi amfani da kalmar "cin ganyayyaki" ba "cin ganyayyaki" ba saboda gaskiyar cewa kwarin gwiwa na waɗannan koyarwar ya yi daidai da kwarin gwiwa na cin ganyayyaki - rage zalunci ga ƙwararrun halittu zuwa ƙarami.
Da dukan ra’ayoyin duniyar duniyar da ke haɗa juna, ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa yawancin malaman tarihi na dā sun gaskata cewa Yesu Kristi da almajiransa sun kaurace wa cin naman dabbobi, kuma takardun sun zo mana cewa ubanni Kirista na farko masu cin ganyayyaki ne kuma mai yiwuwa. cin ganyayyaki.
Bayan ’yan ƙarnuka kaɗan, lokacin da Kiristanci ya zama addinin daular Roma, a zamanin Sarkin sarakuna Constantine, an danne falsafa da aikin jinƙai ga dabbobi da mugun nufi, kuma waɗanda ake zargin sun ƙi nama, Romawa ta azabtar da su kuma suka kashe su. sojoji.
Al'adar azabtar da tausayi ta ci gaba har tsawon ƙarni da yawa bayan faduwar Roma. A lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Turai, Katolika masu cin ganyayyaki irin su Cathars da Bogomils an danne su kuma a ƙarshe Ikklisiya ta hallaka su gaba ɗaya. Baya ga abin da ke sama, a zamanin d ¯ a da tsakiyar zamanai, akwai kuma wasu ruwayoyi da daidaikun mutane waɗanda suka inganta falsafar rashin cin zali ga dabbobi: a cikin makarantun Neoplatonic, Hermetic, Sufi, Yahudanci da Kiristanci.
A lokacin Renaissance da Renaissance, ikon Ikilisiya ya ƙi, kuma a sakamakon haka, kimiyyar zamani ta fara bunkasa, amma, rashin alheri, wannan bai inganta makomar dabbobi ba, amma, akasin haka, ya haifar da rashin tausayi. yin amfani da su don dalilai na gwaji, nishaɗi, samar da sutura da kuma abinci. Duk da cewa kafin wannan akwai wasu littafan girmama dabbobi a matsayin halittun Ubangiji, a zamanin mulkin jari-hujja, ana la'akari da wanzuwarsu kawai a matsayin kayayyaki da albarkatu a cikin tsarin bunkasa masana'antu da kuma yanayin saurin ci gaban al'ummar bil'adama. . Wannan yana ci gaba har yau kuma yana haifar da barazana ga dukan dabbobi, da kuma ga yanayi da kuma bil'adama kanta saboda mummunar lalacewa da lalata yanayi da namun daji.
Falsafofi masu haɗaka da juna daga sassa daban-daban na duniya koyaushe suna taimakawa wajen ƙalubalantar tunanin al'adunmu a hukumance, kuma a cikin ƙarni na 19 da na 20, an tabbatar da hakan ta saurin farfaɗowar cin ganyayyaki da ra'ayoyin jin daɗin dabbobi. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga koyarwar da aka sake ganowa waɗanda suka fito daga Gabas zuwa Turai da Arewacin Amurka. Fassarar tsohowar addinin Buddah da Jain sutras masu tsarki, Upanishads da Vedas, Tao Te Chings da sauran rubuce-rubucen Indiyawa da Sinanci, da kuma gano al'ummomin da ke ci gaba da cin abinci mai gina jiki, ya sa mutane da yawa a Yamma suka yi tambaya game da ƙa'idodin al'ummarsu. zaluntar dabbobi.
An kafa kalmar "mai cin ganyayyaki" a cikin 1980 a madadin tsohuwar "Pythagorean". Gwaji da haɓaka cin ganyayyaki ya ɗauki nauyin marubuta masu tasiri da yawa kamar: Shelley, Byron, Bernard Shaw, Schiller, Schopenhauer, Emerson, Louise May Alcott, Walter Besant, Helena Blavatsky, Leo Tolstoy, Gandhi da sauransu. An kuma kafa wani yunkuri na Kirista, wanda ya hada da shugabannin majami'u da dama, irin su: William Cowherd a Ingila da abokinsa a Amurka, William Metcalfe, wanda ya yi wa'azin tausayi ga dabbobi. Ellen White na reshen Adventist na kwana bakwai da Charles da Myrtle Fillmore na Unity Christian School sun yi wa'azin cin ganyayyaki shekaru 40 kafin a kirkiro kalmar "vegan".
Ta kokarin da suka yi ne aka samar da ra'ayin amfanin ci gaban shuka, kuma an ja hankali kan irin zaluncin da ake da shi a cikin cin naman dabbobi. An kafa ƙungiyoyin jama'a na farko don kare dabbobi - irin su RSPCA, ASPCA, Humane Society.
A cikin 1944 a Ingila, Donald Watson ya ƙarfafa ginshiƙan ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin dabbobi na zamani. Ya ƙirƙira kalmar “vegan” kuma ya kafa ƙungiyar Vegan a Landan don ƙalubalen kai tsaye ga sigar hukuma ta al'adunmu da ainihin ta. Donald Watson ya ayyana cin ganyayyaki a matsayin "falsafa da salon rayuwa wanda ya keɓe, gwargwadon yadda ya dace, kowane nau'i na cin zarafi da zalunci ga dabbobi don abinci, sutura, ko kowace manufa."
Don haka an haifi ƙungiyoyin masu cin ganyayyaki a matsayin bayyanar daɗaɗɗen gaskiya na dindindin na Ahimsa, wanda kuma shine zuciyar motsin yancin dabba. Tun daga wannan lokacin, shekaru da yawa sun shude, an buga littattafai da yawa, an buga nazari da yawa, an kafa kungiyoyi da yawa da kuma jaridu na lokaci-lokaci, an ƙirƙiri wasu rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rubuce da gidajen yanar gizo, duk a cikin ƙoƙarin ɗan adam don rage zalunci ga dabbobi.
Sakamakon duk kokarin da aka yi a baya, cin ganyayyaki da yancin dabbobi na kara fitowa fili, kuma wannan yunkuri na kara samun ci gaba, duk kuwa da tsananin tsayin daka da dukkanin cibiyoyi na al'ummarmu ke da shi, da kyama daga al'adunmu na al'adu, da dai sauransu. shiga cikin wannan tsari.
Yana ƙara fitowa fili cewa zaluncin da muke yi wa dabbobi shine ke haifar da lalacewar muhalli kai tsaye, cututtukan mu na zahiri da na tunani, yaƙe-yaƙe, yunwa, rashin daidaito da rashin tausayi na zamantakewa, ba tare da ambaton cewa wannan zaluncin ba shi da wata hujja ta ɗabi'a.
Ƙungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane sun taru don haɓaka haƙƙin dabba a cikin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na wuraren kariya, ya danganta da abin da suka fi karkata zuwa ga, ta haka ne ke samar da jerin abubuwan da suka dace. Bugu da kari, an samu wani yanayi, musamman a tsakanin manyan kungiyoyi, na gudanar da yakin neman zabe tare da masana'antun cin naman dabbobi a kokarin yin tasiri ga wadannan masana'antu da jawo su don rage zalunci a cikin kayayyakinsu. Wadannan kamfen na iya samun nasara ta kudi ga waɗannan kungiyoyin kare hakkin dabbobi, suna haɓaka kwararar gudummawar sakamakon sanarwar “nasara” ɗaya bayan ɗaya don amfanin dabbobin bayi, amma abin mamaki, aiwatar da su yana da alaƙa da babban haɗari ga motsin haƙƙin dabba kuma don cin ganyayyaki.
Akwai dalilai da yawa akan hakan. Daya daga cikinsu shi ne babban karfin da masana'antar ke da shi na mayar da alamun nasara ga dabbobi zuwa ga nata. Wannan yana buge ƙasa daga ƙarƙashin ƙafar ƙungiyoyin 'yantar da dabbobi lokacin da muka fara magana game da wane nau'in yanka ya fi ɗan adam. Mabukaci ya fi cin abincin dabbobi idan sun tabbata cewa suna da mutuntaka.
Sakamakon irin wannan kamfen, an ƙara ƙarfafa matsayin dabbobi a matsayin dukiyar wani. Kuma a matsayin motsi, maimakon jagorantar mutane zuwa ga cin ganyayyaki, muna umurce su da su jefa kuri'a a zabuka da kuma jakadun su a cikin shaguna don zaluntar dabbobi, masu lakabi a matsayin ɗan adam.
Wannan shi ne ya haifar da halin da harkar mu ke ciki a halin yanzu, yunkurin da akasarin masana’antu ke amfani da shi da kuma gurgunta su. Wannan dabi'a ce, idan aka yi la'akari da karfin da masana'antar ke da shi da kuma rashin haɗin kai a cikin zaɓin yadda za a 'yantar da dabbobi daga zaluncin ɗan adam da wuri-wuri. Zaluncin da ake yi wa dabbobi sakamakon halin da ake ciki na dukiya.
Muna rayuwa ne a cikin al'ummar da tushenta shine ka'idar cikakken rinjaye akan dabbobi, kuma kowannenmu ya sami wannan shawarar tun daga haihuwa. Lokacin da muka yi tambaya game da wannan ƙa'idar, mun haɗu da ƙoƙari na ƙarnuka don 'yantar da dabbobi, kuma wannan shine ainihin Ahimsa da cin ganyayyaki.
Ƙungiyar vegan (wanda shine madaidaicin ma'anar motsin haƙƙin dabba) motsi ne na cikakken canji na al'umma, kuma a cikin wannan ya bambanta da kowane motsi na 'yanci na zamantakewa. Na al'ada, zalunci na yau da kullum ga dabbobi don abinci yana lalata kuma yana lalata hikimar mu na farko da jin tausayi, samar da yanayi wanda zai bude hanya ga wasu nau'o'in zalunci ga dabbobi, tare da bayyanar da hali na rinjaye ga sauran mutane.
Ƙungiyar vegan tana da tsattsauran ra'ayi ta ma'anar cewa tana zuwa tushen ainihin matsalolin mu, zaluncinmu. Yana buqatar mu, masu fafutukar kare cin ganyayyaki da yancin dabbobi, mu wanke lamirinmu daga zalunci da rashin son kai da al'ummarmu ta cusa mana. Menene tsoffin malamai suka kula, majagaba na gwagwarmayar kare hakkin dabbobi. Za mu iya yin amfani da dabbobi muddun mun ware su daga da'irar tausayinmu, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa cin ganyayyaki ya saba wa keɓancewa. Bugu da ƙari, a matsayinmu na masu cin ganyayyaki an kira mu mu yi aiki ciki har da ba kawai dabbobi ba amma har da mutane a cikin da'irar tausayinmu.
Ƙungiyar vegan tana buƙatar mu zama canjin da muke so mu gani a kusa da mu kuma mu kula da dukan halittu, ciki har da abokan adawar mu, da girmamawa. Wannan ita ce ka'idar cin ganyayyaki da Ahimsa kamar yadda aka fahimta kuma aka yada shi daga tsara zuwa tsara cikin tarihi. Kuma a ƙarshe. Muna rayuwa a cikin wani katon tashin hankali da zurfafawa wanda ke ba mu dama da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba. Tsohuwar rufaffiyar nan ana kara rusa ta ne sakamakon rikice-rikice masu dimbin yawa da al’ummarmu ke ciki.
Mutane da yawa suna fahimtar cewa hanya ɗaya ta ainihi don ɗan adam ya tsira ita ce cin ganyayyaki. Maimakon yin shawarwari da masana'antu bisa zalunci, za mu iya komawa ga hikimar waɗanda suka share hanya a gabanmu. Ƙarfin mu ya ta'allaka ne ga iyawarmu na rage buƙatar kayan dabbobi ta hanyar ilimantar da mutane tare da jagorantar su hanyar kawar da waɗannan samfuran daga amfani.
Abin farin ciki, muna shaida ci gaba da haɓaka ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyi masu fafutuka duka a cikin ƙasarmu da ma duniya baki ɗaya waɗanda ke haɓaka ra'ayin cin ganyayyaki da salon cin ganyayyaki, da kuma ƙara yawan ƙungiyoyin addini da na ruhaniya waɗanda ke haɓaka iri ɗaya. ra'ayin tausayi. Wannan zai ba ku damar ci gaba.
Tunanin Ahimsa da veganism yana da ƙarfi sosai saboda suna dacewa da ainihin ainihin mu, wanda shine sha'awar ƙauna, ƙirƙira, ji da tausayi. Donald Watson da sauran majagaba sun shuka iri a cikin zurfin tunanin da aka daina amfani da shi na hukuma wanda ke haɗa al'ummarmu da ɗaure da kuma lalata rayuwa a Duniya.
Idan kowannenmu ya shayar da wadannan tsaban da aka shuka, mu ma muka shuka namu, to, lambun tausayi zai girma, wanda ba makawa zai lalata sarkar zalunci da bautar da aka dasa a cikinmu. Mutane za su fahimci cewa kamar yadda muka bautar da dabbobi, mun bautar da kanmu.
An haifi juyin juya halin cin ganyayyaki - juyin juya halin dabba - an haife shi ƙarni da yawa da suka wuce. Muna shiga mataki na ƙarshe na aiwatar da shi, wannan juyin juya hali ne na fatan alheri, farin ciki, nasara mai ƙirƙira, kuma yana buƙatar kowannenmu! Don haka ku shiga wannan tsohuwar manufa kuma tare za mu canza rayuwarmu.
Ta hanyar 'yantar da dabbobi, za mu 'yantar da kanmu, kuma mu ba da damar Duniya ta warkar da raunukanta saboda 'ya'yanmu da 'ya'yan dukkan halittun da ke zaune a cikinta. Ja na gaba yana da ƙarfi fiye da ja na baya. Nan gaba za ta zama cin ganyayyaki!"