Shin makaranta ta sa samari su fadi?
28 ga Yuni, 2007 - Makarantar ba ta damu sosai da samari ba, saboda haka rashin sha'awar da yawa daga cikinsu don ci gaba da karatunsu.
Wannan shine lura da masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam William Pollack1, daga babbar Makarantar Medicine ta Jami'ar Harvard. Ana iya ganin wannan yanayin a Amurka da Kanada kamar yadda ake yi a yawancin ƙasashen Yammacin Turai.
Quebec ma ba haka bane: “Bakwai daga cikin goma da suka sauke karatu maza ne,” in ji shi. Adadin ficewa yana hauhawa a cikin iyalai marasa galihu: 43% na matasa Quebecers daga waɗannan asalin ba su da difloma na sakandare.
Tun kafin su bar makaranta, yara maza suna da wahalar samun matsayin su a makaranta. "Duk da haka, suna samun taimako ninki biyu na 'yan matan", in ji William Pollack. A cikin Amurka, yara suna mamaye makarantu na musamman â € ”inda ake samun yara masu wahala. Suna wakiltar aƙalla 70% na lambobi a cikin waɗannan azuzuwan.
Ta yaya muke koyo? “'Yan mata da yawa suna koyo ta hanyar sauraron malamansu kawai ko ta kallo. Game da yara maza, sun gwammace su koya ta gwaji - ta hanyar yin da kansu. Yawancin azuzuwan ba su dace da wannan hanyar yin abubuwa ba. A sakamakon haka, yaro na iya kosawa ko rashin nutsuwa kuma ana yi masa lakabi da matsalolin ɗabi'a, raunin hankali, ko rashin ƙarfi.2. " William Pollack ne adam wata |
“Shin suna da karancin iyawa daga haihuwa? ", Ya ƙaddamar da William Pollack a cikin sigar wargi. Masanin ilimin halin kwakwalwa baya amsa tambayar kansa kai tsaye. Amma misalan da yake bayarwa don kwatanta zancensa a sarari suna nuna cewa bai yarda da hakan ba.
A cewarsa, tsarin makarantar baya girmama takamaiman bukatun samari. Lokacin hutu shine kyakkyawan misali. Don gamsar da buƙatunsu na ƙaura, yaran makaranta maza yakamata su sami lokutan hutu biyar. “Amma ba laifi idan suna da daya. Kuma wani lokacin babu ko kaɗan, ”in ji shi cikin nadama.
A jami'a ma
Wannan banbanci tsakanin 'yan mata da samari yana ci gaba har zuwa kwaleji. "Suna yin mafi kyau kuma mafi kyau yayin da ba su da nasara fiye da shekaru goma da suka gabata," in ji masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan Amurka.
A duk ƙasashen Yammacin Turai, kashi 33% na mata masu shekaru 25 zuwa 45 suna da digiri na jami'a idan aka kwatanta da 28% na maza a cikin rukuni ɗaya3. Don haka gibin yana iya fadadawa cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa.
William Pollack ya ambaci binciken ɗaliban jami'a. Tsohon ya sadaukar da awa uku kawai ga karatun su cikin sati guda. 'Yan mata sun yi fiye da sau biyar!
Yi wasa don zama “ainihin mutane”
Me yasa yara da samari ke haduwa da wahalhalu da yawa akan hanyar samun nasarar ilimi? William Pollack ya bayyana shi a cikin jumla mai ban tsoro: “Suna jin 'katsewa' daga kansu da kuma daga jama'a. "
Wani lokaci cikin rashin sani, dangi da makaranta suna koya musu yin daidai da abin da yakamata mutum "mai tauri, mai rinjaye," macho ", a cewarsa. Sakamakon: suna koyon ɓoye ainihin motsin zuciyar su. "Yawancin yara maza suna baƙin ciki, sun ware kuma suna cikin damuwa koda kuwa da alama da farko suna da tsauri, masu farin ciki ko ƙarfin hali," in ji shi a cikin littafinsa mai kayatarwa, Saurayi na Gaskiya4.
Hadarin yana da girma, a gare su, na rasa ƙasa. Ko muna tunanin shaye -shayen miyagun ƙwayoyi, ɓacin rai ko kashe kan su wanda aka fi fallasa su, in ji mai binciken.
Sake haɗa su
Me kuma za a yi don taimaka musu? "Ku kasance da haɗin gwiwa," in ji shi. Wajibi ne iyaye da malamai, a cewarsa, su sake saduwa da samari: yi wasa da su, saurari abin da za su faɗa… Ya kuma yi kira da a inganta aikin malamai â € ”a cikin kula da yara da 'makaranta â €” wanda aikinsu yana da daraja ga yara.
William Pollack yana jawo hankali ga gwaje -gwajen da aka yi don haɓaka nasarar ilimi ga yaran makaranta5, gami da nasiha. “A duk makarantun da aka sanya nasiha, yawan masu barin makaranta ya ragu. Kowane yaro zai iya ƙirƙirar alaƙa ta musamman tare da mai ba shi shawara, ”in ji shi. Tasirin ya yi yawa.
"Muna da ƙarfi sosai," in ji masanin ilimin halin ɗabi'a. Zamu iya juyawa… "
Yara masu fasaha da farin ciki? Yin sadaukar da kai ga yara na iya kawo babban sakamako. William Pollack yana tunatar da mu wannan ta hanyar jaddada yadda yanayin soyayya da ɗumi na iyali da makaranta zai iya yin tasiri ga nasarar yara.
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Johanne Lauzon - PasseportSanté.net
1. William Pollack shine marubucin Saurayi na Gaskiya, littafin da ya buge kantin sayar da littattafan Amurka a ƙarshen 1990s. Ya kuma rubuta Muryoyin Real Boys et Littafin Aikin Real Boys. Ya ba da lacca a cikin tsarin 13e bugu na Taron Montreal wanda ya gudana daga Yuni 18 zuwa 21, 2007.
2. Fassara kyauta, cirewa daga Saurayi na Gaskiya : www.williampollack.com [isa ga Yuni 27, 2007].
3. Bayanai daga Kungiyar Hadin Kan Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaban (OECD), wanda William Pollack ya kawo.
4. Saurayi na Gaskiya An buga shi cikin Faransanci: Pollack W. Mutanen gaske, Varennes, Editions AdA-Inc, 2001, 665 p.
5. William Pollack yayi magana akan aikin Robert Pianta na Jami'ar Virginia. Misali: Hamre BK, Pianta RC. Shin tallafin koyarwa da tausaya a cikin aji na farko zai iya haifar da bambanci ga yaran da ke haɗarin gazawar makaranta?, Child Dev, 2005 Sep-Oct;76(5):949-67.