😉 Gaisuwa ga sababbin masu karatu da na yau da kullun, ɗaliban sakandare da ɗalibai! Labarin "Guy de Maupassant: biography, ban sha'awa gaskiya da kuma bidiyo" - game da rayuwa da kuma aiki na mafi girma Faransa short labarin marubuci.
Maupassant: biography
Guy de Maupassant (1850-1893) - marubuci daga Normandy, marubucin wallafe-wallafen da yawa, mahaliccin hotuna na musamman a cikin adabin Faransanci.
Ta hanyar haihuwa, marubucin nan gaba ya kasance mai daraja da Norman bourgeois a lokaci guda. Guy (Henri Rene Albert Guy de Maupassant) ya yi ƙuruciyarsa a cikin gidan Normandy Miromenil. An haife shi a farkon watan Agustan 1850 a cikin dangin Gustave da Laura a cikin Jamhuriyar Faransa ta biyu.
Guy tare da uwa
Guy bai taba yin korafi game da lafiyarsa ba, kodayake dangin mahaifiyarsa suna da cututtukan neuropsychiatric. An ajiye ƙanensa a asibitin masu tabin hankali, a cikin bangon da ya mutu. Kuma mahaifiyata ta sha wahala daga neuroses duk rayuwarta.
Karatun kimiyya, na farko a makarantar hauza, sa'an nan kuma a Lyceum na Rouen, yaron ya rubuta waƙa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin mawallafin ɗakin karatu kuma mawallafin Louis Bouillet. A cikin 1870, Maupassant ya zama ɗan takara a rikicin soja tsakanin Faransa da Prussia, yana wucewa ta hanyoyin yaƙi a matsayin mai zaman kansa.
Halin da iyalinsa ke tabarbarewar kuɗi da sauri ya sa ya ƙaura zuwa Paris don neman aiki.
Gustave Flaubert
Bayan shekaru goma na hidima a Ma'aikatar Naval, Maupassant bai daina sha'awar littattafai ba. Ko da yake yana son yin nazarin wasu ilimomi, alal misali, astronomy da kimiyyar dabi'a, wanda ya yi aiki sosai. Gustave Flaubert, wanda ya san mahaifiyarsa, ya zama mataimaki na Guy kuma mai ba da shawara.
Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880) Marubuci na gaskiya na Faransa
A cikin 1880, an buga aikinsa na farko, "Pyshka", tare da amincewar G. Flaubert, wanda ya soki yunkurin farko a alkalami na Maupassant. A wannan shekarar ne ya rubuta Wakoki, wadanda suka hada da jigogi na soyayya, sha’awa da kwanakin soyayya.
An lura da hazakar matashin marubuci a fagen adabi na wancan lokacin. Jaridar Golua ce ta dauke shi aiki. A lokacin, marubucin ba shi da wata hanya ta rayuwa.
Ayyukan Maupassant
Bayan shekaru uku ya rubuta labari "Life", a 1885 - "Dear aboki". Gabaɗaya, ya ƙirƙiro mujalladi kusan ashirin na labarai, litattafai, gajerun labarai da wakoki, waɗanda aka jera su cikin tarin yawa.
Maupassant yana cika ayyukansa da hotuna masu ƙarfin gaske, tare da ingantaccen tarihin rayuwa. Yana daga cikin marubutan farko da suka fara rubuta irin gajerun labarai. Yin kwaikwayon Emile Zola a cikin nau'in adabi, Maupassant har yanzu yana ba da gudummawarsa ba tare da kwafin gunkinsa ba.
Zola yana son waɗannan ayyukan, ya bar sharhi game da su. Ayyukansa suna da ban dariya, ɗan satirical, amma mai sauƙin fahimta. Wasu daga cikin masu sukan sun siffanta wasu ayyukan Maupassant a matsayin na zamani na nau'in.
Ayyukan farko ("Kabari", "Nadama") suna bayyana jigon raunin duk abin da ya dace, rashin yiwuwar jin daɗi na har abada na kyakkyawa mara kyau.
Daga cikin marubutan Rasha, aikin marubucin Faransanci ya sadu da goyon bayan Ivan Turgenev, wanda ya koyi game da marubucin daga Gustave Flaubert. Leo Tolstoy yana da bayanin ayyukan Maupassant a cikin ayyukan da ya tattara.
Guy ya sami kuɗi da yawa daga littattafansa. An san cewa samun kuɗin shiga ya kai kusan francs dubu sittin a kowace shekara na rubuce-rubuce. A kafadarsa akwai dangin ɗan'uwansa, waɗanda dole ne ya tallafa da taimakon mahaifiyarsa.
sha'awa,
Yin tuƙi shine lokacin da Maupassant ya fi so. Tafiya cikin nishaɗi tare da Seine ya ba da kyakkyawar dama don yin tunani game da makircin sabbin ayyukansa a cikin shiru. Anan ya yi duban hankali kan yanayin da ke kewaye da shi da kuma halayen mutane.
Hakika, baya ga halaye masu ban sha'awa da fayyace na jarumai, ba ƙaramin farin ciki ba ne a karanta bayanin wuraren da marubucin ya ziyarta.
karshen shekarun rayuwa
Amma nan da nan marubucin ya yi rashin lafiya mai tsanani. Na farko, damuwa na tunanin mutum ya shafi yanayin tunani, sa'an nan kuma rashin lafiya na jiki - dalilin rayuwa na kyauta - cutar syphilitic ta sa kanta ta ji.
Ƙara yawan damuwa, hypochondria da kusan bacin rai na yau da kullum a kan tushen nasarorin da aka samu a cikin wallafe-wallafe da kuma a kan mataki ya shafi aikin marubuci. Ko da tsabar kuɗi don shirya wasan kwaikwayo ba ya cece ku daga rugujewar tunani.
A cikin hunturu na 1891, Maupassant, yayin da yake murmurewa a asibitin masu tabin hankali, ya yi ƙoƙari ya kashe kansa a wani hari na wani rauni mai juyayi.
Bayan shekaru biyu, aikin kwakwalwa yana rushewa tare da ci gaba da gurguzu. Maupassant ya rasu a watan Yuli 1893. Yana da shekaru arba'in da biyu kacal. Dangane da alamar zodiac, Guy de Maupassant shine Leo.
Littafinsa mai suna Pierre da Jean saƙon marubucin ne ga matasa marubuta game da yadda salon fasahar rubutun wannan lokacin ya kamata ya kasance. Ana samun ayyukan Maupassant a cikin fassarar Rashanci. Idan kana karanta ayyukan marubucin, za ka sami jin daɗin gaske daga yanayin gabatarwa da abubuwan da ke cikin littattafan.
Ƙara koyo a cikin wannan bidiyon akan Guy de Maupassant: Biography and Creativity.
Abokai, idan kuna son labarin "Guy de Maupassant: biography, abubuwan ban sha'awa", raba cikin zamantakewa. hanyoyin sadarwa. 😉 Har zuwa lokaci na gaba akan shafin! Shigo, akwai labarai masu ban sha'awa da yawa a gaba.