Harbin mura ga manya a 2022
A Rasha, an riga an fara allurar rigakafin mura 2022-2023. Kwayar cutar mura ga manya za ta taimaka wajen guje wa wata cuta mai haɗari da ta kashe rayukan miliyoyin mutane ba tare da kulawa da magani ba.

Mutane da yawa a yau ba sa ɗaukan mura a matsayin cuta mai haɗari, tun da an yi maganin alurar riga kafi don yaƙarta, kuma kantin magani suna sayar da magunguna da yawa waɗanda suka yi alkawarin “kawar da alamun mura da mura” cikin kwanaki biyu kacal. Amma abin baƙin ciki na ƙarnuka da suka shige, alal misali, sanannen cutar mura ta Sipaniya, ta tuna mana cewa wannan cuta ce mai haɗari, mai haɗari. Kuma akwai ƴan ingantattun magunguna waɗanda za su kashe ƙwayoyin cuta sosai.1.

Har wala yau, mura yana da haɗari ga rikice-rikicensa. Hanya mafi inganci don kare kanka daga cututtuka ita ce yin allurar rigakafi akan lokaci.

An haɗa allurar rigakafin mura a ƙasarmu a cikin kalandar ƙasa na rigakafin rigakafi2. Ana yiwa kowa alurar riga kafi duk shekara, amma akwai wasu nau'ikan da wannan rigakafin ya zama tilas. Waɗannan su ne ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da cibiyoyin ilimi, sufuri, kayan aikin jama'a.

Inda za a yi maganin mura a Rasha

Ana yin allurar rigakafi a asibitoci da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya masu zaman kansu. Ana ba da maganin alurar riga kafi a cikin hannu na sama.

Yawancin lokaci, ana ba da alluran rigakafi na Rasha kyauta (lokacin da aka yi wa alurar riga kafi a asibitocin birni, a ƙarƙashin tsarin MHI), idan kuna son yin na waje, ana iya buƙatar ƙarin biyan kuɗi. Babu buƙatar shirya don hanya - babban abu shine cewa babu alamun wasu cututtuka, har ma da sanyi3.

A Rasha, mutane kaɗan ne ake yiwa alurar riga kafi, kusan kashi 37% na yawan jama'a. A wasu ƙasashe, lamarin ya ɗan bambanta, alal misali, a Amurka, aƙalla rabin al'ummar suna yin rigakafin mura.

Yaya tsawon lokacin rigakafin mura zai kasance

Kariya bayan allurar mura ba ta daɗe ba. Yawancin lokaci ya isa don kakar wasa ɗaya kawai - maganin rigakafi na gaba ba zai ƙara kare kariya daga mura ba. Kawai a cikin 20 - 40% na lokuta, harbin mura na kakar da ta gabata zai taimaka. Wannan shi ne saboda babban bambancin kwayar cutar a yanayi, yana canzawa kullum. Sabili da haka, ana yin maganin alurar riga kafi na shekara-shekara, yayin da kawai ake amfani da sabbin alluran rigakafi na wannan lokacin.4.

Menene rigakafin mura a Rasha?

An yi alluran rigakafin farko daga ƙwayoyin cuta marasa ƙarfi, wasu kuma suna “rayuwa”. Kusan duk maganin mura na zamani alluran rigakafi ne da aka yi daga ƙwayoyin cuta “kashe”. Kwayoyin cutar mura suna girma a kan embryos kaji, kuma wannan shine babban dalilin yiwuwar rashin lafiyar jiki - saboda alamun furotin kaza a cikin abun da ke ciki.

A cikin Rasha, akwai kusan al'adar da ba za a amince da magungunan gida ba, sau da yawa an yi imani da cewa maganin alurar riga kafi ya fi kyau. Amma adadin wadanda aka yi wa allurar rigakafin cikin gida yana karuwa kowace shekara, yayin da cutar mura ke raguwa. Wannan na nuni da ingancin alluran rigakafin cikin gida, wadanda ba su da bambanci da na kasashen waje.

A cikin lokacin bazara-kaka, cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya suna karɓar alluran rigakafi daga Rasha da kamfanonin harhada magunguna. A Rasha, ana amfani da kwayoyi musamman: Sovigripp, Ultrix, Flu-M, Ultrix Quardi, Vaxigrip, Grippol, Grippol da, Influvak. Gabaɗaya, an yi rajistar irin waɗannan allurar kusan dozin biyu.

Akwai shaidar cewa ba za a isar da wasu allurar rigakafin mura na kasashen waje zuwa Rasha ba a wannan kakar (wannan shine Vaxigrip / Influvak).

Abubuwan da ke tattare da alluran rigakafi suna canzawa kowace shekara. Anyi wannan don iyakar kariya daga ƙwayar mura da ta canza a cikin shekara. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta yi hasashen ko wane nau'in kwayar cutar mura ne ake sa ran a wannan kakar. Ana yin sabbin alluran rigakafi bisa wannan bayanan, don haka kowace shekara na iya bambanta.5.

Shahararrun tambayoyi da amsoshi

Zai gaya muku game da duk ɓarna na samar da alluran rigakafi da amincin su вRach-therapist, likitan gastroenterologist Marina Malygina.

Wanene bai kamata a yi masa allurar mura ba?
Ba za ku iya yin alurar riga kafi daga mura ba idan mutum yana da cututtukan jini masu cutarwa da neoplasms, kuma yana da rashin lafiyar furotin kaza (kawai waɗannan allurar rigakafin da aka yi ta amfani da furotin kaza kuma suna ɗauke da barbashi ba za a iya gudanar da su ba). Ba a yi wa marasa lafiya alurar riga kafi ba lokacin da asma na bronchial da kuma dermatitis na atopic dermatitis suka tsananta, kuma a lokacin gafarar waɗannan cututtuka, yana yiwuwa a yi musu rigakafin mura. Kada a yi alurar riga kafi idan wanda za a yi wa alurar riga kafi yana da zazzabi kuma akwai alamun SARS. Ana jinkirin allurar har tsawon makonni 3 idan mutumin ya yi rashin lafiya mai tsanani. An hana allurar rigakafin ga mutanen da allurar mura ta baya ta haifar da rashin lafiyar jiki.
Shin ina bukatan a yi min allurar mura idan na riga na yi rashin lafiya?
Kwayar cutar mura tana canzawa kowace shekara, don haka ƙwayoyin rigakafi da aka samar a cikin jiki ba za su iya samun cikakkiyar kariya daga sabon nau'in nau'in mura ba. Idan mutum ya yi rashin lafiya a kakar wasan da ta gabata, to wannan ba zai kare shi daga cutar ba a wannan kakar. Wannan kuma ya shafi mutanen da suka sami allurar mura a bara. Dangane da waɗannan bayanan, yana da lafiya a faɗi cewa wajibi ne a yi allurar rigakafin mura, ko da kun riga kun yi rashin lafiya.
Shin mata masu juna biyu za su iya samun allurar mura?
Mata masu juna biyu suna da haɗarin kamuwa da mura. Wannan ya faru ne saboda canje-canjen da ake samu a cikin aikin su na jini, rigakafi da tsarin numfashi. A lokaci guda kuma, nauyin karatun yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke haifar da karuwa a asibiti. Bincike ya tabbatar da amincin rigakafin mura ga wannan rukunin mutane. Kwayoyin rigakafin da aka kafa a cikin jiki bayan allurar rigakafin za a iya ba wa jariri ta madarar nono, rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta. Mata masu juna biyu a cikin 2nd da 3rd trimester na ciki, da kuma yayin da suke shayarwa, ana iya yin rigakafin mura.
Za a iya jika wurin harbin mura?
Bayan harbin mura, za ku iya yin wanka, yayin da wurin allurar bai kamata a shafa da soso ba, saboda hematoma na iya bayyana. Ana ba da maganin a cikin tsoka, don haka fata ne kawai ya ɗan lalace kuma wannan baya shafar tasirin maganin.
Zan iya shan barasa bayan an yi masa allurar mura?
A'a, duk wani nauyi akan hanta an haramta. Ba a ba da shawarar shan barasa bayan allurar rigakafin ba saboda sinadarai a cikin barasa na iya tsoma baki tare da samuwar rigakafi mai kyau kuma yana ƙara haɗarin haɓakar allergies.
Yaushe zan iya yin allurar mura bayan harbin coronavirus?
Kuna iya samun allurar mura wata daya bayan samun kashi na biyu na rigakafin COVID-19. Mafi kyawun lokacin yin rigakafin shine Satumba-Nuwamba.
Wadanne matsaloli zasu iya faruwa bayan harbin mura?
Alurar rigakafi suna da mafi girman rabo-da-hadari idan aka kwatanta da sauran magunguna. Sakamakon cututtuka da cututtuka ke haifarwa sun fi tsanani fiye da yiwuwar mummunan halayen bayan rigakafin.

Godiya ga sabbin fasahohi, munanan halayen alurar rigakafin mura suna raguwa kuma suna raguwa. Alal misali, a cikin marigayi 70s, a lokacin samar da maganin rigakafi, an kashe kwayar cutar, dan kadan "tsabtace" kuma bisa ga shi, an halicci abin da ake kira allurar rigakafi. A yau, masana kimiyya sun fahimci cewa ba a buƙatar dukkanin ƙwayoyin cuta, wasu sunadaran sunadaran sun isa, wanda aka samar da amsawar rigakafi a cikin jiki. Saboda haka, da farko cutar ta lalace kuma an cire duk abin da ya wuce gona da iri, barin kawai sunadaran da ake buƙata waɗanda ke haifar da samuwar rigakafi daga mura. Jiki a lokaci guda yana gane su a matsayin ainihin ƙwayar cuta. Wannan yana haifar da maganin rigakafi na ƙarni na huɗu. Ana iya amfani da irin wannan maganin alurar riga kafi har ma a cikin wadanda ke da rashin lafiyan, ciki har da furotin kaza. An kawo fasahar zuwa irin wannan matakin da abun da ke cikin furotin kaza a cikin maganin ya kusan kasa ganowa.

Ana iya samun ɗan ƙaramar dauki na gida game da alurar riga kafi, jajaye, wani lokacin zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa kaɗan, kuma ciwon kai yana bayyana. Amma ko da irin wannan dauki ba kasafai - game da 3% na allurar rigakafi.

Ta yaya kuke sanin ko maganin ba shi da lafiya?
Kamar kowane magani, halayen mutum ga maganin na iya faruwa. A lokaci guda, shirye-shiryen rigakafi na zamani samfuran fasaha ne waɗanda ke yin gwajin dogon lokaci (daga shekaru 2 zuwa 10) don inganci da amincin amfani. Don haka, babu wasu alluran rigakafi marasa aminci a kasuwa.

Ko da bayan an amince da allurar rigakafin don amfani da shi wajen yin rigakafi, hukumomin kiwon lafiya na ci gaba da lura da ingancinsa da amincinsa. Cibiyoyin musamman na Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Rasha suna sa ido akai-akai game da aikin rigakafin da aka samar.

A yayin zagayowar samar da alluran rigakafin, ana gudanar da kusan sarrafa kayan albarkatun kasa guda 400, kafofin watsa labarai, ingancin tsaka-tsaki da samfuran da aka gama. Kowane kamfani yana da dakin gwaje-gwaje na sarrafa kansa, wanda ke bambanta da samarwa kuma yana aiki da kansa.

Masu masana'antu da masu samar da kayayyaki kuma suna sa ido sosai kan bin ka'idodin adanawa da jigilar alluran rigakafi, wato, tabbatar da yanayin abin da ake kira "sarkar sanyi".

Zan iya kawo nawa maganin rigakafi?
Daidai saboda za ku iya tabbatar da amincin maganin kawai idan kun bi duk ka'idodin sufuri, da dai sauransu, bai kamata ku saya ba kuma ku kawo naku maganin. Ingancinsa na iya wahala. Mafi abin dogara shine abin da aka adana da kyau a cikin wurin likita. Yawancinsu sun ƙi yin allurar da aka kawo saboda wannan dalili.
Yaya sauri maganin ke aiki?
"Kariya" daga mura ba a haɓaka nan da nan bayan alurar riga kafi. Na farko, tsarin rigakafi yana gane abubuwan da ke cikin maganin, wanda ke ɗaukar kimanin makonni biyu. Yayin da ake haɓaka rigakafi, ya kamata a guji masu kamuwa da cutar don guje wa kamuwa da mura kafin allurar ta yi aiki.

Tushen:

  1. Orlova NV Flu. Bincike, dabarun zabar magungunan rigakafi // MS. 2017. No. 20. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/gripp-diagnostika-strategiya-vybora-protivovirusnyh-preparatov
  2. Shafi N 1. Kasadar kasa na rigakafin rigakafi
  3. Bayanin Ma'aikatar Tarayya don Sa ido kan Kare Haƙƙin Mabukaci da Jin Dadin Dan Adam kwanan wata Satumba 20, 2021 "A kan mura da matakan hana ta" https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/402715964/
  4. Sabis na Tarayya don Kula da Kare Haƙƙin Mabukaci da Jin Dadin Dan Adam. Game da rigakafin mura a cikin tambayoyi da amsoshi. https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/about/info/news/news_details.php?ELEMENT_ID=15586
  5. Sabis na Tarayya don Kula da Kare Haƙƙin Mabukaci da Jin Dadin Dan Adam. Shawarwari na Rospotrebnadzor ga yawan jama'a akan rigakafin https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/region/zika/recomendation.php

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