Ficus Biliyaminu

Ya kasance a baya a cikin Soviet ƙasarmu cewa ficuses alama ce ta bourgeoisie. Yanzu wannan shuka ana bi da quite daban-daban. A cikin ƙasashen Asiya, inda ficus ya fito, suna ba shi mahimmanci na musamman. Misali, idan kun ba da ficus a China, yana nufin cewa ta tsohuwa kuna fatan mai shi tsawon rai da wadata. A Tailandia, ficus alama ce ta babban birnin jihar. Kuma a Sri Lanka akwai ficus mai shekaru 150, wanda ake girmamawa kusan kamar allahntaka.

Kuma alamomin gabas sun ce: idan kun ba da ficus ga ma'aurata marasa haihuwa, kuma za su yi tushe da kyau kuma su fara girma da sauri, to, jaririn da ake jira zai bayyana a cikin gidan nan da nan.

- Lokacin siyan ficus na Biliyaminu, tuna - ƙarami ne kuma ƙarami ne kawai na farkon shekaru 5 - 7, - yayi gargaɗi Tatyana Zhashkova, shugaban kulob na Moscow Flower Growers. - Ficus na ya riga ya wuce shekaru 20, kuma ya riga ya zama itace mai ƙarfi, mai yaduwa tare da gangar jikin mai girma da kambi har zuwa rufi. Don haka ku kasance cikin shiri don gaskiyar cewa bayan lokaci dabbar ku na iya buƙatar ƙarin sarari.

Ficus Benjamin iri-iri

Ficus benjamina (Ficus benjamina) yana da daraja don kyawawan ganye - a cikin nau'in shuke-shuke suna da duhu kore, m, 5-12 cm tsawo da 2-5 cm fadi (1). Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan wannan ficus, wanda ba abin mamaki bane - wannan shuka yana shahara sosai tare da masu shuka furanni. Kuma masu shayarwa, suna ƙoƙarin faranta buƙatun, sun fitar da zaɓuɓɓuka masu ban sha'awa:

• Anastasia - tare da koren ganye, wanda aka yi wa ado da iyakar koren haske;
• Baroque - ƙananan ganye iri-iri, wanda aka karkatar da ganye a cikin bututu;
• Buklee - tare da ɗanɗano ganye da aka murɗa a ciki;
• Wiandi - ɗan ƙaramin ganye mai ganye tare da koren ganye da murɗaɗɗen gangar jikin, wanda ke sa shuka yayi kama da bonsai;
• Sarkin Zinariya - yana da koren ganye tare da rawaya mai haske tare da gefen;
• Golden Monique (Golden Monique) - tare da haske kore-zinariya ganye, karfi corrugated tare da gefen, da duhu koren bugun jini tare da tsakiyar jijiya;
• curly - jinkirin girma iri-iri tare da nakasassun ganye galibi fari;
• Monique (Monique) - tare da koren corrugated ganye;
• Naomi (Naomi) - tare da duhu kore ganye, dan kadan wavy tare da gefen;
• Naomi Gold - ana fentin ƙananan ganyenta da launin kore mai haske tare da bugun jini a tsakiya, amma da shekaru sun zama kore;
• Samantha - tare da ganye mai launin toka-kore tare da bakin ciki farin ratsin tare da gefen;
• Safari - ƙananan ganye iri-iri tare da koren ganye waɗanda aka yi wa ado da ƙwanƙwasa kirim;
• Hasken Tauraro (Hasken Tauraro) – tare da ganye ga mafi yawan fari, da kyau sosai, amma whimsical: a 'yar karamar take hakkin kula, da ganye crumble.

Benjamin ficus kula a gida

Ficus Benjamin gabaɗaya ba shi da fa'ida, amma yana kula da manyan take hakki na fasahar aikin gona. Kuma mafi yawan lokuta sarai nau'ikan suna da iko.

Ground

Ƙasa don ficus na Biliyaminu dole ne ya kasance mai laushi, mai yawan danshi da numfashi. Kuna iya siyan ƙasa don tsire-tsire masu ado a cikin shagon, amma yana da amfani don ƙara ƙasa soddy, yashi, da humus ganye a ciki.

Zafin jiki

Ficus Benjamin shine thermophilic - a lokacin rani yana buƙatar zafin jiki na 22 - 28 ° C, a cikin hunturu kadan kadan - 12 - 16 ° C (2). Idan ya yi sanyi, shuka zai zubar da ganye. Kuma ba zai iya jure zayyana ba.

lighting

Wannan shuka yana buƙatar haske mai yaduwa. Hasken rana kai tsaye ya hana shi, don haka ba shi da wuri a kan tagogin kudu da gabas. A kan waɗannan mahimman abubuwan, yana da kyau a sanya shi a ƙasa kusa da taga. Kuma akan tagogin yamma da arewa, yana iya girma sosai akan taga sill.

Amma wannan ya shafi iri tare da koren ganye. Idan an yi ado da ganyen ficus ɗinku tare da farin bugun jini, aibobi ko iyaka mai kyau, to wannan shuka yana buƙatar ƙarin haske don kiyaye launi. Amma har yanzu, kauce wa hasken rana kai tsaye don kada ya ƙone shuka.

zafi

Ficus Benjamin ba ya jure wa fari da ambaliya. Idan babu isasshen danshi, ganyen ya fara juyawa rawaya kuma ya fadi cikin sauri. Kuma idan akwai sau da yawa stagnation na danshi a cikin kwanon rufi, to shuka ya fara ciwo - tushen rot. Sabili da haka, rabin sa'a bayan shayarwa, an zubar da ruwa mai yawa daga cikin kwanon rufi.

A cikin hunturu, tare da batura masu gudana, kuna buƙatar fesa shuka sau da yawa fiye da lokacin rani. Kuna iya sanya kwandon ruwa kusa da tukunyar idan babu mai humidifier. Amma a cikin hunturu zaka iya yin ruwa sau da yawa - sau ɗaya a mako ko ma daya da rabi.

Taki da taki

A lokacin rani, ana ciyar da ficus na Benjamin sau ɗaya kowane mako 1 tare da hadadden taki don kayan ado da kayan marmari ko musamman ga ficus. A cikin hunturu, ana buƙatar suturar saman, amma sau da yawa sau da yawa - sau 2 a cikin makonni 1 - 6.

trimming

Ficus yana girma da sauri, ƙananan harbe suna da sauƙi. Kuma idan ba a taqaitaccen lokaci ba, shuka zai shimfiɗa tsayi da yawa. Don haka, kuna buƙatar datsa shi akai-akai. Bugu da ƙari, ƙaramin itacen, mafi kyau. Zai zama da wahala sosai a siffata ƙato mai taurin kai.

Ana yin pruning a cikin bazara, a ƙarshen Maris - farkon Afrilu. Bugu da ƙari, suna aiki tare da ficus, kamar yadda suke da bishiyoyi a cikin ƙasa - suna rage tsawon rassan rassan, yanke rassan da aka shirya a cikin kambi. A lokacin rani, datsa ko tsutsa harbe waɗanda ba su da cikakkiyar hoto. Ana tsayawa da datsawa a ƙarshen Satumba don adana abubuwan gina jiki a cikin rassan da ganye.

Don hana cututtukan fungal, ana iya yayyafa sassan da gawayi da aka kunna ko kuma an rufe shi da farar lambu.

Haihuwar ficus Benjamin a gida

Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don yada Ficus Benjamin a gida, kuma ba za a iya kiran kowane ɗayansu mai sauƙi ba.

Yankewa. Ba lallai ba ne don yanke saman kawai don wannan. Rails na gefe kuma za su yi aiki. Amma yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da wasu nuances:

• dole ne shuka ya zama balagagge;
• Tushen seedling na gaba ya kamata ya zama Semi-lignified, wato, har yanzu m, amma ba kore (kore yankan ba zai yi tushe, amma kawai mutu), duk da haka, idan kawai lignified rassan suna samuwa, to, akwai kuma damar. tare da su;
• a kan sandar-hannu ya kamata ya kasance daga 4 zuwa 6 da ba a kwance ganye.

Ya kamata a wanke ruwan madara da aka yanke da kyau ko kuma a cire shi tare da adibas, ƙananan ganye kuma za a iya cire.

Idan kawai rassan lignified suna samuwa, to, kuna buƙatar a hankali yanke tushe zuwa sassa da yawa tare da wuka mai kaifi. Don hana yanke daga taɓawa, ana iya sanya ashana a tsakanin su. Don haka, mu, kamar yadda yake, muna samar da tushen nan gaba kuma muna motsa tushen samuwar.

Sa'an nan kuma ana buƙatar yankan a cikin ruwa, ko a dasa shi a cikin wani haske mai haske don seedlings ko perlite. Idan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, shirya wani abu kamar greenhouse, rufe saman da ko dai jakar filastik ko babban kofin filastik ko yankakken kwalban filastik.

Idan ɗakin yana da dumi sosai (ba ƙasa da 20 ° C ba), to sai an kafa tushen bayan makonni 2 - 3. Lokacin da suka yi ƙarfi (bayan wasu makonni biyu), zaku iya dasa shuki zuwa wuri na dindindin a cikin tukunya. Makonni biyu na farko, har yanzu zaka iya ci gaba da tasirin greenhouse, rufe seedling, sannan cire shi kuma aika shi zuwa iyo "adult".

Yadudduka. Wannan zaɓin ya dace da tsohuwar shuka mai girma wanda ba shi da sha'awar samar da harbe-harbe matasa, amma a lokaci guda duk abin da aka rufe shi da manyan harbe-harbe.

A hankali, ƙoƙarin kada ku taɓa itace, yin yanke annular a kan haushi na ɗayan harbe, a hankali cire saman Layer. Bi da naman shuka da aka fallasa tare da mai haɓaka haɓaka kuma kunsa shi da rigar sphagnum ko cakuda dangane da shi. A hankali gyara tsarin tare da fim, tabbatar da gyara gefuna tare da waya ko tef.

Bayan ɗan lokaci, tushen da aka kafa zai bayyana ta hanyar fim ɗin. Dole ne a yanke shi a hankali a ƙasa da tushen kuma a dasa shi a hanyar da aka saba. Dole ne a kula da wurin da aka yanke akan shukar manya da gawayi da aka kunna ko farar lambu.

Ficus Benjamin dasawa a gida

Ƙananan ficus, sau da yawa yana buƙatar sake dasa shi, saboda tushen yana girma da sauri kamar rassan. Yana da kyau a dasa tsire-tsire matasa (har zuwa shekaru 7) kowace shekara ta hanyar juyewa cikin tukunyar ɗan ƙaramin girma (kimanin 2-3 cm ya fi girma a diamita, tunda tushen suna girma sosai).

Ana dasa tsofaffin tsire-tsire sau 1 a cikin shekaru 2 - 3, ko ma ƙasa da yawa. Tabbatar cewa tushen baya fitowa daga ramin magudanar ruwa - wannan zai zama alamar cewa tukunyar ficus ɗin ku ya riga ya yi ƙanƙanta.

Idan shuka ya riga ya wuce shekaru 12, to, maimakon dasawa, zaku iya kawai maye gurbin Layer na saman substrate.

Cututtuka na ficus benjamin

Irin wannan ficus yana da haɗari ga cututtuka, don haka yana da mahimmanci a gane su da wuri-wuri don fara magani na lokaci.

Tushen ruba Idan tushen ficus ya lalace, ganyen da sauri sun fara juyawa rawaya, sannan suyi duhu kuma sun faɗi. Kuma dalilin wannan cuta yawanci shine zubar ruwa na ƙasa.

Tushen rubewa kawai za a iya bi da shi a farkon matakai. Wajibi ne a fitar da shukar da ta shafa, yanke duk tushen ruɓaɓɓen, a wanke tushen a cikin wani rauni mai rauni na potassium permanganate, bushe su, sannan a dasa su a cikin sabon tukunya tare da ƙasa mai sabo.

Tare da shan kashi mai karfi, shuka ba zai iya ceton ba. Amma zaku iya yanke yankan daga gare ta kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin tushen su.

Anthracnose. Alamun wannan cututtukan fungal sune launin ruwan kasa a cikin ganyayyaki. A hankali, suna girma kuma suna zama kamar ulcers. Ganyayyaki sun fadi. Tare da mummunar lalacewa, shuka ya mutu.

Fitosporin ko Alirin sun dace da maganin wannan cuta (3).

Cercosporosis. Hakanan wannan cuta ce ta fungal, kuma alamunta na farko suna bayyana a ƙarƙashin ganyen ganye - waɗannan ɗigon baƙi ne. A cikin tsire-tsire marasa lafiya, ganyen suna fara rawaya kuma suna faɗuwa, wanda zai haifar da mutuwarsa.

Ana iya warkar da wannan cuta tare da magunguna iri ɗaya waɗanda ake amfani da su don maganin anthracnose - Fitosporin da Alirin (3).

Ficus benjamin kwari

Mafi sau da yawa, ficus Benjamin yana shafar kwari kwari, mealybugs и gizo-gizo mites. Kuna iya kawar da su tare da taimakon magani ɗaya - Aktellika (3). Amma a yanayin kwarin sikelin ko kuma idan akwai kamuwa da cuta mai yawa tare da wasu kwari, ana buƙatar jiyya da yawa.

Shahararrun tambayoyi da amsoshi

Mun yi magana game da matsalolin girma ficus Benjamin tare da Masanin ilimin agronomist Svetlana Mikhailova.

Tushen

1. Visyashcheva LV, Sokolova TA Masana'antar fure-fure. Littafin karatu don makarantun fasaha // M.: Agropromizdat, 1991 - 368 p.
2. Tulintsev VG Floriculture tare da kayan yau da kullun na zaɓi da samar da iri // Stroyizdat, reshen Leningrad, 1977 - 208 p.
3. Kasidar Jiha na magungunan kashe qwari da agrochemicals da aka amince don amfani da shi a cikin ƙasa na Tarayyar har zuwa Yuli 6, 2021 // Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Tarayya, https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii- khimizatsii -i-zashchity-rasteniy/bayanan-masana'antu/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/