Ethmoid ƙaramin ƙashi ne a cikin kwanyar, wanda ke bayan kashi a cikin hanci, tsakanin kwas ɗin ido biyu. Musamman yana samar da ɓangaren sama na cavities na hanci da ɓangaren sinuses.

Wannan kashi, tare da hadadden lissafi, yana shiga cikin gine-ginen da yawa na fuska:

• cavities na orbital, wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na bango na ciki;
• kogon hanci, wanda ya samar da rufi da wani bangare na ganuwar, da kuma baya na septum na hanci (wanda ake kira nasal septum). Wannan lamina na kashin tsaye, wanda ke raba ramukan biyu, hakika yana cikin ethmoid;
• ethmoid sinuses, wanda aka rataye a kowane gefen ethmoid.

Har ila yau, ethmoid yana hayewa ta ƙarshen jijiyoyi masu ban sha'awa, kamar yadda ƙananan ramuka da yawa ke nunawa da saman samansa. A kan shi ne, a gaskiya, cewa ƙwanƙwasa ƙamshi suna hutawa.

Baya ga aikin gine-ginensa, ethmoid yana da rawar haɓakawa a cikin karɓar siginar ƙamshi. Hasashe biyu na wannan kashi a cikin kogon hanci, a cikin nau'i na harsashi, sun zama turbinates na hanci da ke da alhakin jagorantar iskar da aka shaka zuwa ga kwayoyin olfactory.

A kowane gefe na ethmoid kuma akwai sinuses, da ake kira ethmoid sinuses, waɗanda ke da cavities cike da iska. Ganuwarsu tana lullube da wani mucosa mai kwatankwacinsa na kogon hanci, amma har yanzu ba a fahimci ainihin aikinsu ba. Muna sane da kasancewarsu musamman lokacin da suka kamu da cutar ko kuma suka toshe.

Ethmoiditis

Ethmoid sinusitis, ko ethmoiditis, shine kumburin rufin da ke rufe sinuses na ethmoid, biyo bayan kamuwa da cuta. Yana iya rinjayar sinus ethmoid guda ɗaya ko duka biyun, ko ma yana da alaƙa da shigar wasu sinuses. A cikin mafi girman nau'insa, wanda ke shafar yara sau da yawa fiye da manya, yana bayyana ta da wadannan alamun:

• kumburin fatar ido na sama, a matakin kusurwar ciki na ido, wanda sannu a hankali ya shimfida;
• zafi mai zafi a matakin wannan edema;
• kumburin ido (exophtalmie;
• tarin mugunya a cikin ido, da fitar purulent daga hanci;
• zazzabi mai zafi.

A ƙaramin alamar tashin hankali, ana ba da shawarar shawarar likita na gaggawa. 

Magani cikin gaggawa ya zama dole don guje wa rikice-rikicen wannan cututtukan:

• ciwon daji na oculomotor;
• asarar hankali na cornea;
• ciwon sankarau (ciwon kai mai tsanani, taurin wuya da amai).

Hakanan akwai nau'ikan cututtukan ethmoiditis na yau da kullun, rashin tashin hankali amma yana wuce watanni uku. Daga cikin abubuwan da ke faruwa akai-akai: rashin lafiya na turbinates ko septum na hanci, ko kyakkyawan yanayin kwayoyin halitta. 

Ethmoid adenocarcinoma

Wannan mummunan ciwon daji, wanda ke tasowa a cikin mucous membrane na ethmoid sinuses, yana da wuya (kimanin sababbin lokuta 200 a kowace shekara a Faransa). Yana da alaƙa da shakar itace, fata ko ƙurar nickel, gabaɗaya asalin sana'a ce. Inshorar Lafiya ta kuma gane ta kamar haka (batun lokacin bayyanarwa na shekaru biyar).

Wannan ciwon sankara na sinus yana da ɗan jinkirin ci gaba, tare da jinkirin shekaru masu yawa. Don haka alamomin na iya bayyana bayan dakatar da ayyukan da ake tambaya, ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Zai iya zama: 

• toshewar hanci guda ɗaya wanda baya wucewa, sau da yawa yana tare da fitar da mucopurulent (rhinorrhea), mai yuwuwar tsiri da jini;
• epistaxis, ko maimaita, zub da jini na hanci da na kai tsaye, wanda ke faruwa ba tare da wani dalili na gida ko na tsari ba a fili;
• asarar wari ko wani ɓangare na ji, mai yuwuwa yana da alaƙa da cututtukan haɗiye;
• edema mai raɗaɗi na fatar ido na sama, mai yuwuwar haɗuwa da kamuwa da ƙwayar lacrimal (dacryocystitis). Saboda wannan kumburin da ke faruwa a cikin takurawar sararin samaniya, ido na iya fitowa (exophthalmos) da faɗuwar fatar ido (ptosis). Hakanan zamu iya lura da ciwon ido ko diplopia (hankalin lokaci ɗaya na hotuna guda biyu na abu ɗaya).

Idan akwai ethmoiditis

A cikin yanayinsa mai tsanani, wannan sinusitis shine gaggawa na likita. Ya kamata a ba da magani na rigakafi ba tare da bata lokaci ba don yaƙar kamuwa da cuta, sannan a duba asibiti da aka yi sa'o'i 48 bayan fara magani yana ba da damar tabbatar da tasirinsa.

Idan rikice-rikice sun riga sun bayyana, tsawon lokaci, maganin rigakafi na cikin jijiya ya zama dole. Za'a iya saita shi a asibiti ko kuma a asibiti, kuma a kasance tare da maganin corticosteroid don rage zafi.

Hakanan za'a iya yin magudanar ruwa ta tiyata don cire ƙurar da ta taso. Wannan ethmoidectomy, wanda ENT ko maxillofacial likitan fiɗa ke yi, ana yin shi ta cikin kogon hanci. Ya ƙunshi buɗe kashi na ethmoid don samun dama ga sinuses da yin tsabtace su.

Idan akwai adenocarcinoma

Idan bai yi yawa ba kuma idan yanayin gabaɗayan mai haƙuri ya ba shi damar, magani ya ƙunshi endoscopic ethmoidectomy: likitan fiɗa ya wuce kayan aikin sa, gami da ƙaramin kyamara, ta hanci don cire guntun kashi. da cutar mucosa. Yawancin lokaci ana yin aikin ta hanyar radiotherapy. Sake ginawa na iya zama dole don rufe tushe na kwanyar.

Lokacin da tiyata ba zaɓi ba ne, ana ba da jiyya da ke haɗa chemotherapy da radiotherapy.

Sakamakon ganewar cutar ethmoiditis da farko ya dogara ne akan gwajin asibiti. Ana iya yin ƙarin gwaje-gwaje da yawa a kan buƙatar ƙwararrun likitocin kiwon lafiya: CT ko MRI, samfurori na ƙwayoyin cuta. Suna ba da damar tabbatar da ganewar asali, don gano nau'in ƙwayar cuta a cikin tambaya da / ko neman rikitarwa. 

Ciwon daji na sinus sau da yawa yana yin shiru kafin bayyanar da kansa, dubawa na tsari, ta hanyar bin ENT da nasofibroscope, Ana ba da ita kowace shekara biyu ga ma'aikatan da aka fallasa da tsoffin ma'aikata. An gano ganewar asali akan biopsy, wanda aka yi, idan akwai shakka, a lokacin fibroscopy.