Na'urar lantarki tana yin rikodin ayyukan lantarki na zuciya kuma yana tantance yanayin lafiyarta ta hanyar gano duk wani rashin daidaituwa a cikin aikinta. Gwajin da aka yi, wanda aka fi sani da electrocardiogram, ɗaya ne daga cikin mahimman gwaje-gwajen zuciya da ake yi yayin duk wani shawarwari na zuciya.

Ayyukan zuciya yana haifar da motsin jijiyar lantarki wanda ke haifar da raguwa da shakatawa ta atomatik kuma lokaci-lokaci. Wannan motsin jijiyoyi, wanda ya samo asali daga kumburin sinus wanda yake a saman atrium na dama, ana watsa shi zuwa ƙwayoyin tsokar zuciya maƙwabta a cikin nau'in igiyoyin lantarki waɗanda ke tafiya zuwa ƙarshen zuciya (hagu na ƙasa).

Hotunan lantarki suna yin rikodin waɗannan igiyoyin lantarki na zuciya na zuciya kuma suna fassara su zuwa cikin lanƙwasa, wanda bincikensa yana ba da bayanai masu mahimmanci akan mita da yanayin siginar da aka rubuta kuma yana ba da damar zana taswirar zuciya da injinan aikinta: wannan shine electrocardiogram (ECG).

Abun da ke ciki

Electrocardiographs sun ƙunshi abubuwa 3:

• mai saka idanu, sanye take da allo, wanda ke yin rikodin motsin wutar lantarki na zuciya;
• na'urorin lantarki, da za'a iya zubar dasu ko sake amfani da su;
• igiyoyi don haɗa na'urorin lantarki zuwa mai duba.

Daban-daban Formats

Electrocardiographs suna samuwa a cikin nau'i daban-daban:

• gyarawa a cikin majalisar;
• šaukuwa a kan keke (7 zuwa 10 kilogiram);
• ultraportable (kasa da kilogram 1 kuma yana aiki akan baturi mai caji).

Ƙididdigar ECG yana ba likita damar sanin ƙimar zuciya da kuma bincikar cututtuka daban-daban da ke da alaƙa da arrhythmias, rashin lafiyar zuciya, rashin lafiyar jiki ko cututtukan zuciya:

• tachycardia;
• bradycardia;
• arrhythmia;
• extrasystole;
• karkataccen batu;
• fibrillation na ventricular;
• ischemia;
• ciwon ciki;
• pericarditis (kumburi na pericardium);
• cutar bawul (wanda ke da alaƙa da hypertrophy na atrial da / ko ventricular);
• da dai sauransu.

Rahoton da aka ƙayyade na ECG

Na'urar lantarki tana yin rikodin raƙuman wutar lantarki na zuciya ta hanyar na'urorin lantarki da aka sanya akan fatar majiyyaci a takamaiman wurare. Wutar lantarki suna aiki bi-biyu. Ta hanyar bambance-bambancen haɗuwa da na'urorin lantarki, muna samun hanyoyi daban-daban, 12 a duka, wanda ke ba da damar gano ECG.

ECG wani jadawali ne da aka zana akan takarda mai hoto, a tsaye axis wanda yayi daidai da girman siginar lantarki (tare da 1 mV = 1 cm) da kuma axis a kwance zuwa tsawonsa (1 sec = 25 mm). Dukkan sigogi an daidaita su iri ɗaya don dalilai kwatanta.

Fassarar ECG

• P wave shine farkon kalaman da aka rubuta: siginar lantarki, yana fitowa daga kumburin sinus, ya kai ga atria wanda ke yin kwangila don ba da damar jini ya wuce zuwa ventricles;
• Rukunin rukunin QRS mai zuwa ya kasu kashi 3: Q da S wanda ke nuna alamar annashuwa na atria da cika su, da kuma R wanda ya dace da ƙanƙarar hanta da ke ba da damar fitar da jini zuwa ga arteries. QRS kuma yana taimakawa wajen tantance axis na zuciya;
• T kalaman na ƙarshe shine raƙuman ruwa: ya dace da shakatawa na ventricles;
• Bangaren PQ shine lokacin da igiyar lantarki ke ɗauka don tafiya daga atria zuwa ventricles: wannan shi ne ƙaddamarwa na atrioventricular;
• Sashin ST yana wakiltar ƙarshen ƙaddamarwa na ventricular;
• Tazarar QT ta dace da tsawon lokacin systole na ventricular, wato cikakken zagayowar ƙanƙancewa / shakatawa na ventricles.

Adadin zuciya shine adadin rukunin QRS a minti daya. Yawanci 60 zuwa 100 bpm (bugawa a minti daya) a hutawa.

ECG rashin daidaituwa

ECGs suna ba da cikakkun bayanai game da lafiyar zuciya. Canje-canje a cikin tsawon lokaci, girma, jagorar raƙuman ruwa da / ko bayyanar ƙarin sigina duk alamun cututtukan zuciya ne.

A wasu lokuta, likitan zuciya na iya ba da umarnin daukar hoto na gaggawa na Holter na tsawon sa'o'i 24 zuwa 48, wanda dole ne majiyyaci ya lura da lokutan aikinsa da hutawa, da kuma duk wani bayanin da zai iya ba da haske. Tafsirin ECG. Holter na iya ba da damar gano matsalolin zuciya masu tsaka-tsaki.

Matakan aiki

Binciken, wanda ba shi da haɗari kuma ba shi da zafi, yana ɗaukar kimanin minti 10. Ana iya yin shi a asibiti, a ofishin likitan zuciya ko likita, a gida, ko ma a waje ta likitocin gaggawa.

Mara lafiya yana kwance tare da hannayensa a gefensa, kafafunsa sun shimfiɗa. Ya kamata a sassauta don kauce wa tsangwama na lantarki daga raguwa na wasu tsokoki. Na'urorin lantarki, masu rufi tare da gel mai sarrafawa, an sanya su a kan fata na mai haƙuri, wanda dole ne ya kasance mai tsabta, bushe da askewa idan ya cancanta don ba da damar mannewa mafi kyau. Matsayin su yana biyayya da ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi:

• Ana sanya na'urori na gaba guda 4 a wuyan hannu da idon sawu: suna ba da damar sanin kullin wutar lantarki na zuciya.
• 6 precordial electrodes ana sanya su a kan thorax: 2 don nazarin aikin lantarki na ventricle na dama, 2 don nazarin bangon interventricular da tip na zuciya, da 2 don ventricle na hagu.

Ana iya sanya na'urorin lantarki har 18 don ɗaukar ECG. Makin sanyawa koyaushe iri ɗaya ne don a iya kwatanta abubuwan da aka samar da ECG.

Yaushe za a yi amfani da shi?

Ana iya yin ECG a matsayin jarrabawar yau da kullum don duba cewa zuciya tana aiki yadda ya kamata, a matsayin jarrabawa na gaba a lokacin jiyya, don aikin aiki na farko, ko kuma a matsayin jarrabawar bincike lokacin da mai haƙuri ya yi kuka na ciwo, dizziness ko bugun jini. zuciya.

Hakanan ana iya yin ECG a matsayin wani ɓangare na gwajin damuwa, a cikin ɗan wasa misali. A wannan yanayin, mai haƙuri dole ne ya samar da ƙoƙari mai dorewa na minti 10 zuwa 30. Akwai ƙarancin lantarki kuma ana auna yawan numfashi da hawan jini a layi daya.

Kariya

Babu wata takaddama ko takamaiman shiri na haƙuri don yin ECG.

Dole ne mai aiki ya tabbatar da cewa an daidaita electrocardiograph daidai: babu tsangwama, tsayayyen tushe, daidaitaccen daidaitawa (10 mm / mV), saurin kwararar takarda mai kyau (25 mm / s), madaidaicin alama (ba dole ba ne a juya na'urorin lantarki).

Sharuɗɗan zaɓi

An taƙaita amfani da na'urorin lantarki ga ma'aikatan lafiya.

Ya kamata a yi la'akari da abubuwa da yawa yayin siyan electrocardiograph:

• sedentary ko amfani da ambulator;
• amfani da ma'auni a hutawa ko gwaje-gwajen damuwa;
• allo: girman, launi, adadin waƙoƙin da za a iya nunawa, allon taɓawa ko a'a;
• bugu na ECG;
• wutar lantarki: mains, baturi mai caji, batura;
• ƙarfin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don adana rikodin;
• haɗi: haɗin Bluetooth, USB;
• kasancewar software da aka keɓe don fassarar bayanai;
• kayan haɗi: takarda bugu, saitin na'urorin lantarki, igiyoyi, ɗaukar kaya, da dai sauransu;
• farashin: 'yan ɗari zuwa da yawa Yuro dubu;
• Tabbatar da ma'auni (alamar CE).