Edible morel (Morchella esculenta) hoto da bayanin

morel (Morchella esculenta)

Jikin 'ya'yan itace Morel mai ci yana da girma, mai nama, mai zurfi a ciki, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa naman kaza yana da nauyi sosai, 6-15 (har zuwa 20) cm tsayi. Ya ƙunshi "ƙafa" da " hula". Morel edible ana ɗaukar ɗayan namomin kaza mafi girma na dangin morel.

shugaban a cikin morel mai cin abinci, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana da siffar ovoid ko ovoid-takaitacce, sau da yawa maras kyau-spherical ko spherical; tare da gefen yana manne da kafa. Tsawon hula - 3-7 cm, diamita - 3-6 (har zuwa 8) cm. Launin hula daga rawaya-launin ruwan kasa zuwa launin ruwan kasa; ya zama duhu tare da tsufa da bushewa. Tun da launi na hula yana kusa da launi na ganye da suka fadi, naman gwari da wuya a iya gani a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. Fuskar hular ba ta da kyau sosai, an murƙushe, wanda ya ƙunshi ramuka mai zurfi-kwayoyin girma dabam dabam, wanda aka yi da hymenium. Siffar sel ba daidai ba ne, amma kusa da zagaye; An raba su da kunkuntar (kauri mm 1), folds-haƙarƙari, madaidaiciya da madaidaiciya, masu launin haske fiye da sel. Kwayoyin sun yi kama da saƙar zuma, don haka ɗaya daga cikin sunayen Ingilishi na morel mai ci - ruwan zuma morel.

kafa Morel yana da silindi, ɗan ƙaramin kauri a gindin, cikin rami (yana yin rami ɗaya tare da hula), gatsewa, 3-7 (har zuwa 9) cm tsayi da 1,5-3 cm lokacin farin ciki. A cikin matasa namomin kaza, kara yana da fari, amma ya yi duhu tare da shekaru, ya zama launin rawaya ko mai tsami. A cikin babban naman kaza mai girma, kara yana da launin ruwan kasa, mai laushi ko dan kadan, sau da yawa tare da tsagi mai tsayi a gindi.

ɓangaren litattafan almara jikin 'ya'yan itace yana da haske (fararen fata, fari-cream ko yellowish-ocher), waxy, bakin ciki sosai, mai rauni da taushi, mai sauƙi crumbles. Dandanan ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da daɗi; babu wani wari dabam.

spore foda yellowish, haske ocher. Spores suna ellipsoid, santsi, da wuya granular, mara launi, 19-22 × (11-15) µm a girman, haɓaka a cikin jakunkuna na 'ya'yan itace (asci), suna samar da ci gaba mai laushi a saman saman hular. Asci su ne cylindrical, 330 × 20 microns a girman.

Ana rarraba morel ɗin da ake ci a ko'ina cikin yankuna masu zafi na Arewacin Hemisphere - a cikin Eurasia har zuwa Japan da Arewacin Amurka, da kuma a Ostiraliya da Tasmania. Yana faruwa guda ɗaya, da wuya a ƙungiyoyi; quite rare, ko da yake ya fi na kowa a cikin morel namomin kaza. Yana girma a wurare masu haske a kan ƙasa mai albarka, ƙasa mai yalwar lemun tsami - daga ƙananan wurare da filayen ambaliya zuwa gangaren dutse: a cikin haske mai haske (Birch, willow, poplar, alder, oak, ash da elm), da kuma a cikin gandun daji masu gauraye da coniferous. , a wuraren shakatawa da itatuwan apple; na kowa a cikin ciyawa, wurare masu kariya (a kan lawns da gefuna dazuzzuka, a ƙarƙashin bushes, a cikin wuraren da ake sharewa da share fage, kusa da bishiyar da ta faɗo, tare da ramuka da gefen rafi). Yana iya girma a wurare masu yashi, kusa da wuraren da ake zubar da ƙasa da kuma wuraren tsohuwar gobara. A kudancin kasar mu, ana samun shi a cikin lambunan kayan lambu, lambuna na gaba da lawn. Wannan naman gwari yana tasowa sosai a lokacin bazara, daga tsakiyar Afrilu zuwa Yuni, musamman bayan ruwan sama mai dumi. Yawancin lokaci yana faruwa a cikin dazuzzuka a kan ƙasa mai laushi ko ƙasa a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi masu ciyayi, sau da yawa a cikin ciyawa, wurare masu kyau: ƙarƙashin bushes, tare da ramuka, a kan lawns a wuraren shakatawa da lambuna.

A Yammacin Turai, naman gwari yana faruwa daga tsakiyar Afrilu zuwa ƙarshen Mayu, a cikin shekaru masu zafi musamman - daga Maris. A kasar mu, naman gwari yakan bayyana ba a farkon farkon watan Mayu ba, amma yana iya faruwa har zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuni, lokaci-lokaci, a cikin kaka mai dumi, har ma a farkon Oktoba.

Morel mai ci ba za a iya rikita shi da kowane naman kaza mai guba ba. An bambanta shi daga nau'in da ke da alaƙa ta hanyar conical morel da tsayi mai tsayi ta hanyar zagaye na hula, siffar, girman da tsari na sel. Zagaye morel (Morchella rotunda) yayi kama da shi, wanda, duk da haka, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan morel ɗin da ake ci.

Naman kaza da za'a iya ci a ka'ida na rukuni na uku. Ya dace da abinci bayan tafasa a cikin ruwan zãfi mai gishiri don minti 10-15 (an zubar da broth), ko bayan bushewa ba tare da tafasa ba.

Bidiyo game da naman kaza Morel: