Domin suna wakiltar kashi 2 cikin XNUMX na haihuwa, ba a yin magana game da juna biyu na samari. Koyaya, gaskiya ce wacce kowace shekara ta shafi ɗaruruwan yara 'yan mata waɗanda suka zama uwaye masu tasowa. Sabuntawa akan rikicewar haɗari na waɗannan musamman masu juna biyu.

Babu wani ma'anar "cikin farko" a hukumance. Gabaɗaya, muna sanya siginar a mafi rinjaye, wato shekaru 18. Wani lokaci a 20.

Matsalolin ciki da haihuwa sune abu na biyu da ke haddasa mace-mace tsakanin yara mata masu shekaru 15 zuwa 19 a duniya, in ji WHO (1). A duk duniya, ‘yan mata 194 ne ke mutuwa a kowace rana sakamakon samun ciki da wuri (2), amma tare da rarrabuwar kawuna mai karfi a yankin ya danganta da matakin ci gaban kasar. Wannan al'amari ya fi karuwa a kasashe masu tasowa, inda 1 cikin 3 'yan mata ke da ciki kafin su kai shekaru 18. Rashin bayanai da ilimin jima'i, auren dole, cin zarafi, rashin samun damar hana haihuwa, haramcin zubar da ciki ya bayyana wadannan adadi mai yawa.

A Faransa, tabbas lamarin ba haka yake ba saboda samun damar hana haihuwa da kuma yanayin zamantakewa da al'adu. Don haka, bisa ga alkalumman INSEE (3), yawan haihuwa na mata masu shekaru 15 zuwa 24 ya ci gaba da raguwa tare da yawan haihuwa na yara 2,7 a cikin 100 mata a cikin 2016 (da shekaru 11,5 a cikin masu shekaru 25-29 da yara 12,9 a cikin 30). - shekaru 34). A cikin 2015:

• 0,1% na jariran farko suna da uwa mai shekaru 15;
• 0,2% uwa mai shekaru 16;
• 0,5% uwa mai shekaru 17;
• 0,9% na shekaru 18;
• 1,7% na shekaru 19;
• 2,5% na shekaru 20 (4).

An yi la'akari da juna biyu na samari a matsayin masu ciki mai hatsarin gaske ba don dalilai na asali ba saboda kuruciyar jiki, amma yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki wanda waɗannan 'yan mata ke tasowa da kuma halayen haɗari mafi yawa a cikin wannan rukunin. Bugu da ƙari, saboda sun yi watsi da juna biyu (a sani ko a'a), gano shi a makare ko kuma suna son ɓoye shi, kulawar ciki ba ya isa ko jinkiri. Don haka waɗannan mata masu tasowa na gaba ba sa amfana daga duk shawarwarin nasiha da gwaje-gwajen da aka tanadar don sa ido kan ciki.

A cikin rahotonta game da ciki da haihuwa a lokacin samartaka, Cibiyar Nazarin Gynecologists ta Faransa (5) ta nuna, duk da haka, ba a sami karuwar adadin rikice-rikice irin na pre-eclampsia ba.(2,7%) ko zubar jini na haihuwa. (5,4%) a cikin wannan rukunin shekaru.

Rashin kulawar haihuwa, halayya mai haɗari da yanayin zamantakewa na waɗannan uwaye masu tasowa na gaba sun fi fallasa jariri ga wasu haɗari. Manyan matsalolin guda biyu sune ƙananan nauyin haihuwa da rashin haihuwa. Wani bincike da aka gudanar tsakanin 1996 da 2003 a asibitin Jean Verdier (93), wanda ya biyo bayan daukar ciki na ‘yan mata matasa 328 da ke tsakanin shekaru 12 zuwa 18, ya nuna yawan shekarun haihuwa da kashi 8,8%. "Babban rikice-rikice guda biyu suna da alaƙa kai tsaye zuwa ƙarshen bi-bi-da-da-bi da kuma halayyar" exfoliation "na yanayin ciki da ke hade da rashin wani kariya ta jiki ko na abinci, tare da ci gaba, ko ma karuwa a cikin halayen jaraba. », Yana Nuna CNGOF (6).

Har ila yau, haɗarin IUGR (jinkirin ci gaban ciki) ya fi girma a farkon ciki, tare da yawancin 13%, fiye da na yawan jama'a (7). A cewar wani bincike na Amurka (8), jariran mata masu kasa da shekaru 20 suma suna da kasadar tabarbarewa sau 11 fiye da yadda ake gani a tsakanin mata a mafi karancin kasada, tsakanin shekaru 25 zuwa 30. Har yanzu, bayyanar da tayin ga abubuwa masu guba (giya, kwayoyi, taba) babban laifi ne.

Haihuwar ita kanta ana ganin ba ta da lafiya idan an gane ciki ta yadda za a iya yin wasu ayyukan tarbiyya kafin zuwan yaro, ya nuna CNGOF (9).