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Dyspraxia: ma'anar wannan rashin daidaituwa
Don sanya shi a sauƙaƙe, dyspraxia shine ɗan nuna alamar abin da dyslexia yake ga kalmomi, da dyscalculia ga lambobi, saboda yana cikin dangin “dys". Muna bayyana muku.
Kalmar dyspraxia ta fito ne daga prefix na Girkanci "dys", Wanda ke nuna wahala, rashin aiki, da kalmar"praxie”, Wanda ke nuna ishara, aiki.
Saboda haka, dyspraxia tabarbarewar kwakwalwa da ke shafar praxis, fahimtar karimcin da gangan, kamar kama abu.
Don cimma shi, mun tsara wannan karimcin a cikin kawunanmu domin ya yi tasiri. A cikin mutanen da ke fama da dyspraxia, ana aiwatar da wannan alamar da ba ta dace ba, wanda ke haifar da gazawa (kwano mai karya misali), ko nasara, amma da wuya a haifuwa.
Za mu iya, ta wata hanya, magana game da "pathological clumsiness". Ƙungiyoyin ƙasashen duniya suna magana fiye da rashin ci gaba da haɗin kai.
"Yara masu dyspraxia suna da wahalar tsarawa, tsarawa da daidaita ayyuka masu rikitarwa", Yana Nuna Inserm a cikin labarin kan rashin lafiya"dys". "Ba za su iya sarrafa yawan ayyukan son rai ba, gami da rubutu (wanda ke haifar da dysgraphia). Waɗannan yaran suna aiki tuƙuru don sarrafa zanen kowace harafi, wanda ke ɗaukar babban ɓangaren hankalinsu kuma yana hana su kula da wasu fannoni (harufa, ma'anar kalmomi, da sauransu)."In ji Cibiyar Bincike.
Amma banda wannan gestural dyspraxia, akwai kuma dyspraxia mai gina jiki, ko wahala wajen sake gina gabaɗaya daga ƙananan sassa. Cutar da ake iya gani musamman ta hanyar wasanin gwada ilimi da wasannin gini, amma kuma a cikin 2D akan tsari misali. Lura cewa waɗannan nau'ikan dyspraxia guda biyu na iya zama tare. Wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan dyspraxia ana ambaton wasu lokuta, lokacin da dyspraxia ya haifar da matsalolin sutura (dyspraxia), lokacin da akwai wahala wajen yin ishara da kayan aiki (dyspraxia na tunani)…
A cikin bidiyo: dyspraxia
Menene lambobi don dyspraxia?
Ko da yake babu takamaiman binciken cututtukan cututtuka, hukumomin kiwon lafiya sun kiyasta a kusa 5 zuwa 7% adadin yara masu shekaru 5 zuwa 11 ya shafi dyspraxia. Wannan adadi mai kima da rashin tabbas yana haifar da wahala musamman daga wahalar ganewar asali da nau'ikan nakasu daban-daban.
Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura cewa dyspraxia sau da yawa yana hade da wasu cututtuka "dys", musamman dyslexia da dysorthography.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da dyspraxia
Abubuwan da ke haifar da farawar dyspraxia ba a bayyana a fili ba.
Zai iya zama duka biyun sanadin kwayoyin halitta, wanda zai bayyana musamman yaɗuwar cuta”dys"A cikin 'yan uwa da dama na iyali daya, kuma abubuwan da ke haifar da muhalli, musamman wajen ci gaban amfrayo da jariri. Yin amfani da MRI, masu binciken sun lura da cututtuka na neuronal a wasu yankuna na kwakwalwa, ko haɗin haɗin gwiwa ko rashi tsakanin sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa, irin su gani da harshe a cikin yara masu dyslexia. Matsalar"dys“Haka kuma da alama ana yawan samun yaran da aka haifa da wuri, kodayake ba a bayyana dalilin da ya sa ba.
Yadda za a gane dyspraxic yaro?
Mun gane yaro mai dyspraxim ta hanyar rashin hankali "ilimin halittu": Ko da ta hanyar yin duk mai yiwuwa, ƙoƙari da ƙoƙari don cimma burin da ake so, ba ya samun sakamakon da ake so.
Yin ado, ɗaure igiyoyin takalminku, zane, rubutu, amfani da kamfas, mai mulki ko ma buroshin hakori, sanya abin yankan… yawan motsin rai da ke buƙatar ƙoƙari mai yawa da cewa ba ya iya aiwatarwa.
Yaro mai dyspraxic kuma zai kasance ba shi da sha'awar wasannin gine-gineda dexterity, kuma fi son ayyukan da suka shafi harshe (kalli zane mai ban dariya, sauraron labari, ƙirƙira duniyar tunani…).
A makaranta, yaron yana fuskantar matsaloli, musamman ta fuskar rubutu, zane-zane, lissafi. Kamar yadda muka gani, dyspraxia sau da yawa yana tare da wasu cututtuka "dys”, Irin su dyscalculia, dyslexia ko dysorthography.
Za a bambanta yaro mai dyspraxic ta hanyar jinkirin sa, tunda kowane motsin da ake ganin ba shi da lahani yana da wahala a gare shi ya yi daidai.
Dyspraxia: yadda za a tabbatar da ganewar asali?
Da zarar an gano matsalolin yaron bayan maganganun dangi da ma'aikatan koyarwa, yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar ko ƙaryatãwa game da cutar. Don yin wannan, mafi kyau shine tuntuɓar ƙungiyoyi masu fama da dyspraxia a Faransa, kamar DFD (Dyspraxia France Dys) ko DMF (Dyspraxic Amma Fantastic). Suna tura iyayen yara masu dyspraxic zuwa ƙwararrun ƙwararru daban-daban don tuntuɓar, don tambaya daidaitaccen ganewar asali na dyspraxia. Likitan Neurologist, Neuro-Pediatrician, Psychomotor Therapist da kuma Maganganun Magana wasu ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ne waɗanda babu shakka zasu buƙaci a tuntuɓi su.
Menene kula da dyspraxia?
Da zarar an tabbatar da ganewar asali na dyspraxia, maganin dyspraxia na yara zai dogara ne akan gudanar da kowane alamun bayyanarsa, kuma tare da ƙungiyar multidisciplinary.
Don haka yaron zai yi aiki da psychomotricity, aikin likita, magana magana, amma kuma a wasu lokuta masu ciwon kashi ko posturology. Hakanan ana iya daidaita bin diddigin ilimin halin ɗan adam don taimaka masa ya jimre da damuwa da laifin da zai iya ji a sakamakon dyspraxia.
Lura cewa a matakin makaranta, yaron dyspraxic ba dole ba ne ya buƙaci shiga makarantar musamman. A daya bangaren kuma, a Mataimakin rayuwar makaranta (AVS) zai iya zama babban taimako a kowace rana don raka shi.
Dangane da tsananin dyspraxia, yana iya zama dacewa don nema Keɓaɓɓen aikin makaranta (PPS) tare da Sashen Sashen na Nakasassu (MDPH) don daidaita karatun yaron dyspraxic, ko don kafa Tsarin Tallafi na Musamman (Personal Support Plan).PAP) wanda aka yi ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin likitan makaranta, iyaye da malami. Lokacin da dyspraxia ya yi tsanani sosai kuma / ko ba za a iya magance shi ba, kwamfutar da ke da kayan zane da software na geometry, alal misali, na iya zama babban taimako.
Hakanan akwai albarkatu da yawa akan layi don taimakawa malamai daidaita darussan su ga yara masu dyspraxia.
Tushen da ƙarin bayani:
- https://www.inserm.fr/information-en-sante/dossiers-information/troubles-apprentissages
- https://www.cartablefantastique.fr/
- http://www.tousalecole.fr/content/dyspraxie
- http://www.dyspraxies.fr/