Duodenum (daga Latin duodenum digitorum, ma'ana "yatsu goma sha biyu") wani ɓangare ne na ƙananan hanji, gabobin tsarin narkewa.

Matsayi. Duodenum yana tsakanin pylorus na ciki da kusurwar duodeno-jejunal.

Tsarin duodenum. Yana ɗaya daga cikin ɓangarorin uku na ƙananan hanji (duodenum, jejunum da ileum). Tsawon 5-7 m da 3 cm a diamita, ƙaramin hanji yana bin ciki kuma babban hanji yana (1). C-dimbin yawa kuma yana da zurfi, duodenum shine madaidaicin ɓangaren ƙaramin hanji. Hanyoyin fitar da hanji daga hanta da hanjin bile sun isa wannan sashi (1) (2).

Tsarin bangon duodenal. Duodenum ya ƙunshi envelopes 4 (1):

• Fushin mucous shine kashin ciki, yana ƙunshe da gland da yawa da ke ɓoye musamman murfin kariya.
• Submucosa shine tsaka -tsakin da aka yi musamman na jijiyoyin jini da jijiyoyi.
• Muscularis shine murfin waje wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin tsoka.
• Serous membrane, ko peritoneum, ambulaf ne da ke rufe bangon waje na ƙananan hanji.

narkewa. Narkewa yana faruwa musamman a cikin ƙananan hanji, kuma musamman a cikin duodenum ta hanyar enzymes narkewa da bile acid. Enzymes na narkar da abinci ya samo asali ne daga hanjin hanji ta hanyan fitar da ruwa, yayin da bile acid ya samo asali daga hanta ta hanyan bile (3). Enzymes na narkewar abinci da bile acid za su canza chyme, wani ruwa wanda ya ƙunshi abinci wanda aka riga aka narkar da shi ta ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ciki, zuwa chyle, ruwa mai tsabta wanda ke ɗauke da fiber na abinci, hadaddun carbohydrates, ƙwayoyin cuta masu sauƙi, har ma da abubuwan gina jiki (4).

Absorption. Domin aikinsa, jiki zai sha wasu abubuwa kamar carbohydrates, fats, proteins, electrolytes, vitamins, da ruwa (5). Abun sha na samfuran narkewa yana faruwa ne musamman a cikin ƙananan hanji, kuma galibi a cikin duodenum da jejunum.

Kariya ga ƙananan hanji. Duodenum yana kare kansa daga hare -haren sunadarai da na inji ta hanyar ɓoye gamsai, yana kare mucosa (3).

Ciwon hanji mai kumburi. Waɗannan cututtukan sun yi daidai da kumburin rufin wani ɓangaren tsarin narkewa, kamar cutar Crohn. Alamomin cutar sun hada da tsananin ciwon ciki da gudawa (6).

M hanji ciwo. Ana nuna wannan rashin lafiyar ta hanyar taɓarɓarewar bangon hanji, musamman a cikin duodenum, da rashin daidaituwa a cikin raunin tsoka. Yana bayyana kansa ta hanyoyi daban -daban da ke da alaƙa da cututtukan narkewa kamar gudawa, maƙarƙashiya, ko ciwon ciki. Har yanzu ba a san musabbabin wannan ciwo ba.

Matsewar hanji. Yana nuna dakatar da aiki na sufuri, yana haifar da matsanancin zafi da amai. Toshewar hanji na iya zama asali na injiniya tare da kasancewar cikas yayin wucewa (gallstones, marurai, da dai sauransu) amma kuma yana iya zama sinadarai ta hanyar haɗawa da kamuwa da ƙwayar nama kusa, misali lokacin peritonitis.

Ciwon gyambon ciki. Wannan ilimin cututtukan ya yi daidai da samuwar rauni mai zurfi a bangon ciki ko na duodenum. Ciwon gyambon ciki (peptic ulcer) sau da yawa yakan haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta amma kuma yana iya faruwa tare da wasu magunguna (7).

Kiwon lafiya. Dangane da cututtukan da aka gano, ana iya ba da wasu magunguna kamar magungunan ƙin kumburi ko analgesics.

Jiyya na tiyata. Dangane da ilimin halittar jiki da juyin halittar sa, ana iya aiwatar da aikin tiyata.

Nazarin jiki. Farkon ciwo yana farawa da gwajin jiki don tantance alamomi da gano musabbabin ciwon.

Binciken halittu. Za a iya yin gwaje -gwajen jini da na kujera don yin ko tabbatar da ganewar asali.

Gwajin hoton likita. Dangane da abin da ake zargi ko tabbatar da cutar, ana iya yin ƙarin gwaje -gwaje kamar na duban dan tayi, CT scan ko MRI.

Binciken endoscopic. Ana iya yin endoscopy don nazarin bangon duodenum.

Anatomists sun ba da sunan duodenum, daga Latin inci goma sha biyu, ma'ana "yatsu goma sha biyu", zuwa wannan ɓangaren ƙananan hanji tun yana da yatsu goma sha biyu.