"Down tare da Poland tare da damuwa na likitan mata!" Shahararren likitan fiɗa ya yi magana game da Dr. Anna Tomaszewicz-Dobrska

Ba wai kawai mai hazaka da hazaka ba, har ma da taurin kai da azama. Ta yi watsi da tayin da ya buɗe kofa ga aikinta na duniya kuma ta tafi Warsaw maimakon Tokyo. Rayuwarta cike da juyi da juyi. Kasancewar ta shiga sana’ar da maza suka mamaye ta ne sakamakon ganawarta da Sarkin Musulmin Turkiyya. A halin yanzu a Poland, kashi 60 cikin dari. likitoci mata ne, ita ce ta farko.

1. Anna Tomaszewicz ta yanke shawarar cewa za ta zama "magani" tana da shekaru 15
2. Ta kammala karatun likitanci a Zurich tare da karramawa a matsayin mace ta farko 'yar Poland
3. Bayan ta koma kasar ne aka hana ta yin atisayen. Daidaito ne ya taimaka mata wajen amincewa da difloma
4. A Warsaw, ta yi ma'amala da babban likitan mata, ta gudanar da matsugunin haihuwa, da horar da ungozoma.
5. Ta rayayye goyon bayan yakin neman daidaito ga mata, ya rubuta labarai, magana, ya kasance mai haɗin gwiwa na farko Congress of Polish Women
6. Kuna iya samun ƙarin bayanai na zamani akan shafin gida na TvoiLokony

Lokacin da sabuwar wacce ta kammala karatun digiri a Faculty of Medicine a Jami'ar Zurich ta koma kasarta don fara aikinta, fitaccen likitan fida, har yau majibincin asibitocin Poland da yawa, Farfesa. Ludwik Rydygier ya ce: "Nisa daga Poland tare da jin daɗin mace likita! Bari mu ci gaba da zama sananne ga daukakar mu mata, wanda mawãƙi ya yi shelar da kyau ", tare da Gabriela Zapolska, dauke daya daga cikin na farko Polish feminists:" Ba na son mata likitoci, lauyoyi ko veterinarians! Ba kasar matattu ba! Kada ku rasa mutuncin ku na mata! ».

Jaridun Poland sun ba da rahoto kan karatunta a Switzerland a shafukan farko

An haifi Anna Tomaszewicz a shekara ta 1854 a Mława, inda dangin suka ƙaura zuwa Łomża, sannan zuwa Warsaw. Mahaifinta jami'i ne a 'yan sandan soja, kuma mahaifiyarta, Jadwiga Kołaczkowska, ta fito ne daga dangi mai daraja da al'adar kishin ƙasa.

A cikin 1869, Anna ta kammala karatun digiri tare da girmamawa daga mafi girman albashin Misis Paszkiewicz a Warsaw. Tuni a lokacin karatun ta, tana da ra'ayin cewa za ta zama likita. Da farko, iyayen ba su yarda da shirye-shiryen ɗan shekara 15 ba kawai don halin kirki ba har ma da dalilai na tattalin arziki. Suna da ’ya’ya shida da za su tallafa. Anna dole ta shawo kan mahaifinta na dogon lokaci don yanke shawararta, kuma gardama ta ƙarshe ta zama… yajin cin abinci. Daga karshe Mista Władysław ya tankwasa ya bude akwatin. Ya shafe shekaru biyu yana daukar malamai masu zaman kansu don su shirya ’yarsa karatu. Sun koya mata darussan da ba a koyar da su a cikin albashi - ilmin halitta, physics, chemistry, Faransanci, Jamusanci da Latin.

A ƙarshe, wata yarinya 'yar shekara 17 ta tafi Zurich. A shekarar 1871, ta ci jarrabawar shiga jami'a kuma ta fara karatu.

An shigar da mace ta farko zuwa karatun likitanci a can a cikin 1864. Matar Poland ita ce ɗalibi ta goma sha biyar. A gabanta, mata shida, matan Jamus hudu, matan Ingila biyu da Ba’amurke guda sun shiga magani. Matan da ke karatu a sashin kula da lafiya ana kiransu likitoci. Maza - malamai da abokan aiki - sau da yawa suna tambayar ko sun dace da wannan sana'a. An yi ta rade-radin cewa mata masu neman aikin likita sun yi mummunan aiki, don haka lokacin da suka shiga shekara ta farko, an nemi takardar shaidar ɗabi'a.

Duk da haka, jaridun Warsaw sun ruwaito a shafuffuka na gaba: "A cikin Satumba 1871, Anna Tomaszewiczówna ta bar Warsaw zuwa Zurich don yin karatun likitanci a jami'a a can". Abu ne da ba a taba yin irinsa ba.

Anna ta zama ɗalibi mai hazaƙa. Daga shekara ta uku ta shiga bincike, kuma a shekara ta biyar ta zama mataimakiyar prof. Edward Hitzing, likitan kwakwalwa da likitan kwakwalwa. Ta kusa biyan kudin wannan mataimakiyar da aka biya da rayuwarta, domin a lokacin aikinta ta kamu da cutar typhus, wanda ta sha wahala sosai.

A cikin 1877 an ba ta digiri na digiri na uku da kuma bambanci ga kasidarta mai taken "Taimakawa ga ilimin halittar jiki na labyrinth". Nan take aka yi mata tayin mika mata taimako ta tafi Japan. Duk da haka, mayar da ita zuwa mahaifarta, Anna ya ƙi ya tafi Warsaw.

Dr. Tomaszewicz yayi saurin nadamar shawarar da ta yanke

A gida, manema labarai sun bayyana likitocin mata a matsayin mutanen da ba su da halin ko-in-kula ga wannan sana’a. Abokan aikinta ma sun yi mata rashin mutunci. Nan da nan bayan ya dawo, ya dauki mataki a kanta, inter alia, shahararren prof. Rydygier.

Dokta Tomaszewicz ta yanke shawarar cewa za ta murkushe juriyar abokan aikinta, ta tabbatar da iliminta da basirarta. Ta nemi izinin shiga cikin Warsaw Medical Society. Aikinta, wanda aka rubuta don wata babbar mujallar likitancin Jamus, ta riga ta kasance a ɗakin karatu na al'umma. Yanzu ta aika da karin biyu a can. Shugaba Henryk Hoyer ya kimanta su sosai, yana rubuta cewa ɗan takarar yana da "babban iyawa" da "cikakken masaniya tare da manufofin da hanyoyin magani", amma hakan bai gamsar da sauran membobin al'umma ba. An yi asarar takararta ne a wata kuri’ar asirce.

Aleksander Świętochowski da Bolesław Prus sun kare ta a cikin manema labarai. Prus ya rubuta: "Muna tunanin cewa wannan hatsarin alama ce mai sauƙi na ƙiyayya ga abubuwa masu ban mamaki, al'amari da ya zama ruwan dare a duniya wanda har ma sparrows suna tsintar kanari saboda rawaya ce".

Abin takaici, ba a yarda matashiyar likita ta tabbatar da difloma ba don haka ta fara aiki a cikin sana'a. “Przegląd Lekarski” ta ruwaito: “Abin baƙin ciki ne a yarda cewa Miss T., da farko, ba ta da daɗi a sana’arta. Ta so ta yi jarrabawa a nan ta je wurin mai kula da sashen kimiyya, wanda ya aika da ita ga minista, kuma ministar ta ƙi yin haka. Haka kuma, ta ba da ayyukanta ga Red Cross Society, amma ta ƙi tayin ta. "

Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross ta ba da hujjar kin daukar likitan aiki tare da rashin 'yancin yin aiki kuma an rufe da'irar.

Dubi kuma: Sir Frederick Grant Banting - likitan kashi wanda ya ceci rayuwar masu ciwon sukari

Likitan yana gwadawa a St. Petersburg

Ganin cewa kokarinta na samun karramawar difloma ta Swiss a Warsaw bai yi nasara ba, Dokta Tomaszewicz ya tafi St. Petersburg. Ba shi da sauƙi a can ko dai, saboda likitocin sun gabatar da hujjoji masu zuwa: «mata ba za su iya zama likitoci ba saboda… ba su da gemu!".

Duk da haka, Annie ta zo ceto ta hanyar haɗari. A lokaci guda kuma, wani Sultan yana ziyartar St. Yana da buƙatu da yawa saboda dole ne ɗan takarar ya zama ƙwararren , Jamusanci da Ingilishi. Dokta Tomaszewicz ya cika waɗannan sharuɗɗan. An dauke ta aiki, kuma hakan ya ba ta damar tabbatar da difloma. Ta ci jarrabawar a jami'ar St. Petersburg, ta sami 'yancin yin aiki a duk ƙasarmu.

A cikin 1880, Anna ta dawo Poland kuma ta fara aikinta a Warsaw a watan Yuni. Ba ta mu'amala da ilimin halittar jiki, wanda shine ƙwarewar ta. Yana aiki a Titin Niecała, yana ƙware a kula da mata da yara. Wannan zaɓin ya kasance mafi tilastawa ta yanayi, domin maza kaɗan ne za su yarda su tuntuɓi ta a lokacin.

Bayan shekara guda, rayuwarta ta sirri kuma ta canza. Ta auri abokin aiki - Konrad Dobrski ƙwararren ENT, wanda yake da ɗa ɗaya, Ignacy.

A cikin 1882, Dokta Tomaszewicz-Dobrska ya rubuta wani ƙaramin nasarar sana'a. Ya fara aiki a gidan haihuwa akan titin Prosta. Samun aikin ba shi da sauƙi saboda ta doke abokan hamayyarta maza. Duk da haka, ta sami goyon baya mai ƙarfi daga mijinta, da kuma Bolesław Prus da Aleksander Świętochowski.

Likitan mata na Poland na farko

An kafa gidan haihuwa inda yake aiki a kan yunƙurin shahararren ma'aikacin banki kuma mai taimakon jama'a Stanisław Kronenberg. Ya ware kudade don bude wurare guda biyar makamantan haka bayan barkewar cutar sankarau ta barke a Warsaw.

Farkon aikin Dokta Tomaszewicz-Dobrska ya kasance mai wuyar gaske. Tsohon gidan da ke kan titin Prosta ba shi da ruwan famfo, babu bandakuna, kuma tsofaffin murhu masu fashe suna shan taba. A cikin irin wannan yanayi, likita ya aiwatar da ka'idodin maganin antiseptik. Har ila yau, ta haɓaka ƙa'idodin tsabta, waɗanda ta kira "Alwashi na Tsafta". Duk ma'aikatan dole ne su bi su sosai.

Taimakon da ke wurin yana da kyauta, kuma matalauta mata mazauna Warsaw ne suka yi amfani da shi. A cikin 1883, an haifi yara 96 ​​a cikin ginin, kuma a cikin 1910 - an riga an haifi 420.

A karkashin mulkin Dokta Tomaszewicz-Dobrska, adadin wadanda ke fama da naƙuda ya ragu zuwa kashi 1 cikin ɗari, wanda ya jawo sha'awa ba kawai a tsakanin likitocin Warsaw ba. Godiya ga ƙoƙarinta, a cikin 1889 an ƙaura mafakar zuwa wani sabon gini a ul. Żelazna 55. A can, wuraren zama da yanayin tsafta sun fi kyau, har ma an ƙirƙiri dakunan keɓewa ga masu fama da ciwon ciki. A can, a cikin 1896, likita ne na farko a Warsaw don yin aikin caesarean.

Bugu da ƙari, Dr. Anna tana horar da ma'aikata da likitocin haihuwa. Ta karantar da ungozoma 340 da kuma likitocin haihuwa 23. Ta buga kasidu goma sha biyu na likitanci kan hanyoyin jiyya da ake amfani da su a wurinta, da kuma, alal misali, kan yanayin rayuwar al'ummar Poland idan aka kwatanta da na Turai.

Bayanin da ta yi game da mafaka yana haskakawa da ɗan ban dariya, irin su ƙuƙumi, rashin abinci mai gina jiki inda ake yin girki da wankewa, da kuma inda masu hidima ke barci suna jiran baƙi, ta kira "Pantheon, mai rungumar duk al'adun gargajiya da dukan al'ada".

Likitan ya yi aiki kusan shekaru 30 a cikin wannan sana'a, inda ya sami shaharar babban likita, kuma ofishinta ya cika da mata daga kowane bangare na rayuwa. A ƙarshen rayuwarta, Dokta Tomaszewicz-Dobrska na ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun likitoci a babban birnin, wanda ke warkar da marasa lafiya kyauta, har ma yana ba da tallafin kuɗi. Lokacin da a cikin 1911 aka kafa asibitocin haihuwa biyu a Warsaw: St. Zofia da Fr. Anna Mazowiecka, kuma an rufe matsugunin, ya ki karbar ragamar kula da asibitin, yana ba da shawarar mataimakinsa ga wannan matsayi.

Baya ga aikinta na ƙwararru, Dr. Anna kuma ta kasance mai himma a cikin ƙungiyar agaji ta Warsaw (ita ce mai kula da ɗakin ɗinki) da kuma Summer Camps for Children Society, ita ma likita ce a cikin matsugunin malamai. Ta rubuta labarai don Kultura Polska na mako-mako kuma tana magana kan yancin mata. Yana da abokai tare da Eliza Orzeszkowa da Maria Konopnicka. Tun tana da shekaru 52, ta kuma kasance memba mai ƙwazo a Ƙungiyar Al'adun Poland. A 1907, ya shiga cikin kungiyar na farko Congress of Polish Women.

Dokta Anna Tomszewicz-Dobrska ta mutu a shekara ta 1918 da cutar tarin fuka, wadda ta kamu da ita tun da farko. Sanin ra'ayoyinta, abokanta sun yanke shawarar cewa maimakon sayen wreaths da furanni, za su kashe kuɗin a yakin "A Drop of Milk".

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