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Yana yiwuwa a yi zargin kasancewar m melanoma ta alamu da yawa: asymmetric, m da girma iyakoki na tawadar Allah, wani sabon launi, diamita na fiye da 6 mm. Amma a farkon matakai, yana da matukar wahala a gano cutar ta hanyar alamun gani, tun da farkon melanoma na iya kama da alamun asibiti na nevus. Gabatar da dermatoscopy a cikin aikin likita ya buɗe sabon damar likitoci don yin nazarin tabo a kan fata kuma ya ba da damar gano cutar melanoma a farkon mataki.
Me yasa ake buƙatar dermatoscopy?
Dermoscopy hanya ce mai banƙyama (ba tare da amfani da kayan aikin tiyata ba) don nazarin launi da microstructure na launi daban-daban na fata (epidermis, dermo-epidermal junction, papillary dermis).
Tare da taimakonsa, daidaito na ƙayyade farkon matakin melanoma ya kai 90%. Kuma wannan labari ne mai daɗi ga kowa da kowa, domin kansar fata ita ce cutar kansa da ta fi yawa a duniya.
Sun fi kowa yawa fiye da ciwon huhu, nono ko prostate, kuma a cikin shekaru XNUMX da suka gabata, adadin masu kamuwa da cutar ya karu sosai.
Hadarin melanoma shine zaka iya samunta ba tare da la'akari da shekaru ko launin fata ba. Akwai kuskuren cewa melanoma yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin ƙasashe masu zafi. Su, da kuma masu son solariums, da kuma mutanen da ke da fata mai kyau, suna cikin haɗarin haɓaka cutar. Amma babu wanda ke da kariya daga kamuwa da cutar kansar fata, domin daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar shi ne ultraviolet, kuma duk mazauna duniyar nan sun fi kamuwa da ita.
Kowa yana da moles da alamomin haihuwa, amma wani lokacin ana sake haifuwa kuma su zama ainihin barazana ga rayuwar ɗan adam. Hasashen ci gaban cutar kai tsaye ya dogara da lokacin ganewar asali. Kuma saboda wannan wajibi ne a yi dermatoscopy - jarrabawa mara zafi ta amfani da dermatoscope.
Nazarin wuraren da ake tuhuma na fata, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana yin amfani da microscopy mai haske. A wasu kalmomi, fata yana da haske tare da na'ura na musamman tare da gilashin ƙararrawa, wanda ya ba da damar likita don bincika canje-canje ba kawai a kan farfajiyar waje na epidermis ba, har ma a cikin wurare masu zurfi. Yin amfani da dermatoscope na zamani, zaku iya ganin canje-canjen tsarin daga 0,2 microns a girman (don kwatanta: ƙurar ƙura tana kusan 1 micron).
Menene dermatoscope
An fassara daga Hellenanci, sunan wannan na'urar yana nufin "auna fata." Dermatoscope na'ura ce ta dermatological don bincika nau'ikan fata daban-daban. Ya ƙunshi gilashin ƙara girman 10-20x, faranti mai haske, tushen haske mara ƙarfi da matsakaicin ruwa a cikin nau'in gel Layer. An ƙera dermatoscopy don bincika moles, alamomin haihuwa, warts, papillomas da sauran sifofi akan fata. A zamanin yau, ana amfani da na'urar don tantance lalatawar fata mara kyau da mara kyau ba tare da biopsy ba. Amma daidaiton ganewar asali ta amfani da dermatoscopy, kamar yadda ya gabata, ya dogara da ƙwararren likita wanda zai yi ganewar asali.
Aikace-aikacen dermatoscope
Al'ada kuma mafi yawan amfani da dermatoscope shine bambancin ganewar asali na neoplasms fata. A halin yanzu, ana iya amfani da na'urar don wasu dalilai. Alal misali, don sanin basalioma, cylindroma, angioma, squamous cell carcinoma, dermatofibroma, seborrheic keratosis da sauran neoplasms.
Na'urar iri ɗaya tana da amfani don tantancewa:
- nau'ikan cututtukan fata daban-daban waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da cututtukan daji (eczema, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, ichthyosis, lichen planus, scleroderma, lupus erythematosus);
- cututtuka na parasitic (pediculosis, demodicosis, scabies);
- cututtukan fata na yanayin hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri (warts, warts, papillomas);
- yanayin gashi da kusoshi.
Amfanin dermatoscope ba za a iya yin la'akari da shi ba lokacin da ya zama dole don ƙayyade nau'in cutar da ta shafi fata a ƙarƙashin gashin gashi. Misali, yana saukaka gano cutar nevus na haihuwa wanda ba ƙari ba, alopecia areata, androgenetic alopecia a cikin mata, ciwon Netherton.
Masana ilimin trichologists suna amfani da wannan na'urar don nazarin yanayin gashin gashi.
Dermoscopy na iya zama da amfani sosai a cikin maganin nau'in ciwon daji na fata. Alal misali, tare da m lentigo, basalioma na sama, ko cutar Bowen, madaidaicin wuraren fata da suka lalace ba su da daidaituwa kuma suna da duhu sosai. Ƙwararrun dermatoscopy yana taimakawa wajen ƙayyade ƙayyadaddun abubuwan da ke cikin saman daji, sa'an nan kuma yi aiki a kan yankin da ake bukata.
Ganewa da ƙaddara yadda ake magance warts shima ya dogara da dermatscope. Na'urar ta ba da damar likita da sauri da kuma daidai ƙayyade tsarin girma da kuma bambanta shi, don hango ko hasashen hadarin sabon wart. Kuma tare da taimakon dermatoscope na dijital na zamani, ana iya samun hotuna na wuraren da aka gano da kuma adana su, wanda ke da amfani sosai don bin diddigin yanayin fata.
Ka'idojin aiki
A kan kasuwar kayan aikin likita, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan dermatoscopes daga masana'antun daban-daban, amma ka'idar aiki iri ɗaya ce ga kowa da kowa. Dermatoscopes yawanci suna da kafaffen kai wanda ya ƙunshi ruwan tabarau ɗaya ko fiye don ɗaukaka fata. Akwai tushen haske a ciki ko kusa da kai.
A cikin ƙirar zamani, wannan shine mafi yawan zobe na LEDs wanda ke haskaka wurin da aka bincika daidai. Idan wannan dermatoscope ne na hannu, to, rike da batura a ciki koyaushe yana fitowa daga kai.
Don bincika pigmentation, likita ya yi amfani da kan dermatoscope zuwa yankin fata kuma ya duba cikin ruwan tabarau daga gefen gaba (ko kuma yayi nazarin hoton akan na'urar). A cikin nutsewar dermatoscopes, akwai ko da yaushe wani ruwa Layer (mai ko barasa) tsakanin ruwan tabarau da fata. Yana hana watsawa da haske da haske, yana inganta hangen nesa da tsabta na hoton a cikin dermatoscope.
Nau'in dermatoscopes
Dermatoscopy yayi nisa daga sabon jagora a magani. Gaskiya ne, a zamanin da, ƙwararrun masana sun yi amfani da kayan aiki na farko don nazarin yanayin fata fiye da yadda suke yi a yau.
“Kakan” na zamani dermatoscope shine gilashin ƙara girman ƙaramin ƙarfi na talakawa. A lokuta masu zuwa, an ƙirƙira na'urori na musamman masu kama da na'urar gani da ido akan gilashin ƙara girma. Sun ba da haɓaka da yawa a cikin yanayin yadudduka na fata. A yau, dermatoscopes suna ba ku damar duba abubuwan da ke akwai a haɓakar 10x ko fiye. Samfuran zamani suna sanye da saitin ruwan tabarau na achromatic da tsarin hasken LED.
Dermatoscopes za a iya rarraba bisa ga daban-daban halaye: ta size, ka'idar aiki, da bukatar yin amfani da ruwa nutsewa.
Na'urar dijital, ko na'urar lantarki, ƙirar zamani ce da aka sanye da allo wanda ke nuna hoton yanayin fata. Irin waɗannan na'urori suna ba da cikakkiyar hoto, wanda ya zama dole don yin ganewar asali.
Tare da ƙirƙirar dermatoscopes na lantarki, ya zama mai yiwuwa a gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na dijital, hoto da rikodin wuraren fata da aka bincika a cikin fayilolin bidiyo don ƙarin adana bayanai a cikin ma'ajin bayanai da ƙarin bincike mai zurfi.
Ana iya yin nazarin kayan da aka samu ta wannan hanyar bincike ta amfani da shirye-shirye na musamman. Kwamfuta, "kimantawa" hoton da aka gabatar, ta atomatik yana ƙayyade yanayin canje-canjen cututtuka a cikin ƙwayoyin fata. Shirin yana ba da "kammalawa" a cikin nau'i mai nuna alama akan sikelin, yana nuna matakin haɗari (fari, rawaya, ja).
Dangane da ma'auni, ana iya raba dermatoscopes zuwa nau'i biyu: tsaye da aljihu. Kayan aiki na nau'in farko suna da ban sha'awa a girman kuma sun fi tsada, kuma ana amfani da su musamman ta asibitoci na musamman. Nau'in dermatoscopy na hannu su ne na'urorin da talakawan masu ilimin fata da na kwaskwarima ke amfani da su a cikin aikinsu.
Bisa ga ka'idar aiki, dermatoscopes ne nutsewa da polarization. Zaɓin farko shine na'urar da aka yi amfani da ita don maganin dermatoscopy na lamba na gargajiya. Mahimmancinsa shine amfani da ruwa mai nutsewa a yayin bincike.
Na'urori masu yin amfani da wutar lantarki suna amfani da kafofin haske tare da raƙuman wutar lantarki na unidirectional da matattara na musamman. Wannan yana kawar da buƙatar amfani da ruwa mai nutsewa.
A lokacin bincike tare da taimakon irin wannan na'urar, canje-canje a cikin zurfin yadudduka na fata sun fi bayyane. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun sun nuna cewa irin waɗannan dermatoscopy suna ba da hoto mai haske kuma, a sakamakon haka, yana da sauƙin yin ganewar asali.
Takaitaccen Bita na Mafi kyawun Dermatoscopes
Heine mini 3000 karamin dermatoscope ne na aljihu. Yana iya aiki na awanni 10 ba tare da canza batura ba. Tushen haskakawa shine LEDs.
Siffar na'urar Hannun Heine Delta 20 ita ce tana iya aiki duka tare da ba tare da nutsewa ruwa ba (bisa ga ka'idar dermatoscope polarizing). Bugu da ƙari, an sanye shi da allon lamba wanda ke ba ka damar haɗawa da kyamara. Lens yana da girman girman 10x.
Dermatoscope na aljihu na KaWePiccolightD na Jamus yana da nauyi, ƙarami, da ergonomic. Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi ta hanyar masu ilimin fata da masu kwaskwarima don ganewar asali na melanoma.
KaWe Eurolight D30 yana bambanta ta wurin manyan gilashin lamba (5 mm a diamita), ruwan tabarau suna ba da haɓakar 10x. Ana iya daidaita hasken da fitilar halogen ta haifar. Wani fa'idar wannan na'urar shine ma'auni wanda ke ba ku damar sanin matakin haɗarin pigmentation akan fata.
Samfurin alamar Aramosg yana da tsada sosai, amma kuma ana buƙata akan kasuwa ta masanan dermatologists, cosmetologists da trichologists. Baya ga ayyukan gargajiya, na'urar na iya auna matakin danshin fata, yana da ruwan tabarau na musamman don sanin zurfin wrinkles da fitilar ultraviolet da aka gina don lalata. Wannan nau'in dermatoscopy ne na tsaye tare da ikon haɗi zuwa kwamfuta ko allo. Ana daidaita hasken baya a cikin na'urar ta atomatik.
Na'urar Ri-derma tana da araha fiye da ƙirar da ta gabata dangane da farashi, amma kuma ta fi ƙayyadaddun aiki. Wannan nau'in dermatoscope ne na hannu tare da ruwan tabarau na haɓaka 10x da hasken halogen. Zai iya aiki akan batura ko batura masu caji.
Sauran mashahuran zaɓuɓɓukan dermatoscopy sun haɗa da Carbon DermLite da ƙaramin DermLite DL1 waɗanda za a iya haɗa su da iPhone.
Gwaji tare da dermatoscope hanya ce mara zafi, sauri, inganci kuma mara tsada don bambanta alamomin haihuwa na yau da kullun da moles daga m neoplasms. Babban abu ba shine jinkirta ziyarar zuwa likitan fata ba idan akwai m pigmentation a kan fata.