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Wannan tsire-tsire ne na epiphytic: a cikin yanayin yanayi yana girma kai tsaye a kan kututturen bishiyar, kuma kalmar "dendrobium" a cikin Hellenanci tana nufin "rayuwa akan itace". Furen Dendrobium shine abin gani da yakamata a gani: furanninta suna jin daɗi ba kawai tare da siffar su da inuwa ba, har ma da ƙanshi mai daɗi. Wakilan jinsin Dendrobium sun bambanta sosai kuma sun bambanta ta hanyoyi da yawa: inuwar furanni, lokacin furanni, al'ada na shuka gaba ɗaya.
Nau'in dendrobium orchids
A cikin yanayi, bisa ga maɓuɓɓuka daban-daban, akwai nau'in 1000 - 1200 na dendrobium (1). A al'adun ɗakuna, ba shakka, yawancin ƙananan nau'in suna girma, har ma da yawa, da alama da yawa cewa zai yiwu a jera su duka, don haka yana da damar yin magana game da waɗanda mafi ban mamaki da ban mamaki.
Dendrobium mai daraja (Dendrobium nobile). Mafi kyawun nau'in dendrobium orchid, wanda ya tabbatar da sunansa cikakke - "mai daraja". Mafi sau da yawa, waɗannan su ne hybrids waɗanda suka bambanta da girman da launi na furanni, waɗanda zasu iya zama fari, ruwan hoda, lilac, rawaya, har ma da tricolor. Furen suna fitowa a cikin axils na ganyen kuma suna faɗuwa da ƙarfi mai tushe mai ƙarfi, suna ba shukar bayyanar “bouquet”. Flowering yana da tsawo, daga tsakiyar hunturu zuwa farkon lokacin rani.
Dendrobium irin ƙwaro (Dendrobium moniliforme). Dan kadan kadan, kusan tsayin 15 cm, yayi kama da raguwar dendrobium nobile. Furen suna fari, rawaya, ja ko ruwan hoda, a cikin inflorescences na guda 2 - 3. Akwai iri da yawa da kuma hybrids. Flowering yana da tsawo, yana farawa a ƙarshen hunturu.
Dendrobium Phalaenopsis (Dendrobium phalaenopsis). Duk da kamancen sunayen, wannan ba matasan ba ne tare da phalaenopsis, amma nau'in dendrobium daban, wanda yake kama da phalaenopsis. Furensa suna da girma, a kan doguwar rigar, yawanci yana fure a cikin hunturu, a cikin Nuwamba-Disamba. Ana ɗaukar ɗayan mafi sauƙin girma.
Dendrobium Parish (Dendrobium parishii). Ya bambanta da tsayi masu rarrafe ko rataye da manyan ganye. Fure-fure a kan gajerun peduncles, guda ɗaya ko a cikin guda da yawa, tare da lebe "mai laushi". Blooms a farkon lokacin rani.
Dendrobium primrose (Dendrobium primulinum). Har ila yau, yana da harbe-harbe masu tsayi da yawa tare da ganye masu yawa. Fure-fure suna bayyana 1 - 2 a cikin internodes, suna da girma, tare da lebe mai laushi ko mottled. Flowering a cikin marigayi hunturu - farkon bazara, na iya zama ya fi tsayi.
Dendrobium gustotsvetny (Dendrobium densiflorum). Sunan wannan nau'in dendrobium cikakke yayi daidai da bayyanar shuka: a cikin inflorescence ɗaya ana iya samun dozin ƙananan furanni dozin, galibi rawaya-orange, tare da ƙamshi mai daɗi. Flowering yana da tsawo, yana farawa a cikin hunturu.
Dendrobium Lindley (Dendrobium lindleyi). Wani ƙaramin nau'in dendrobium orchid, yawanci bai wuce 20 cm ba a tsayi. Kowane inflorescence yana iya samun furanni 10 ko sama da haka har zuwa girman cm 5, launin rawaya ko orange tare da lebe mai duhu. Furen suna da ƙanshin zuma mai daɗi. Furen furanni yana farawa a tsakiyar lokacin hunturu kuma yana iya wucewa har zuwa watanni shida, yana da yawa musamman a cikin bazara.
Dendrobium orchid kulawa a gida
Dendrobiums ba shine mafi kyawun orchids ba, duk da haka, har yanzu suna buƙatar kulawa don haɓakar fure mai kyau.
Ground
Dendrobium ya dace da ƙasa na musamman da aka shirya don orchids, wanda za'a iya siyan shi a kantin sayar da kayayyaki, ko kayan da aka yi a gida daga guntun itacen pine wanda aka haɗe da sphagnum. Idan kun shirya ƙasa da kanku, zaku iya ƙara ɗan gawayi da peat a ciki.
lighting
Kamar sauran orchids, dendrobiums suna buƙatar haske mai kyau. Wannan shine lokaci mafi mahimmanci a cikin kulawa. Zai fi kyau shuka su akan taga kudu, gabas, kudu maso yamma ko kudu maso gabas, yana ba da inuwa mai haske daga rana mai zafi a lokacin rani. Dendrobium dole ne ya kasance yana da aƙalla sa'o'i 12 na hasken rana don ci gaban al'ada (2). Idan ba zai yiwu ba don samar da tsire-tsire da isasshen haske, za a buƙaci ƙarin haske. Tushen hasken gida na yau da kullun ba su dace da orchids ba, suna buƙatar ƙwararrun fitolamp na musamman.
zafi
A cikin yanayi, dendrobiums sun kasance a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi - kusan 80%. Nau'in cikin gida da nau'ikan iri suna ɗaukar ɗan bushewar iska, amma a kowane hali, zafi bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 50-60%. Sabili da haka, a lokacin rani yana da kyau a dauki dendrobium zuwa sararin samaniya, alal misali, zuwa baranda da kuma fesa shi akai-akai idan yanayin yana da zafi, bushe. A cikin hunturu, kuma idan babu baranda, zaku iya sanya tukunya tare da shuka a cikin tire tare da rigar tsakuwa, yumbu mai faɗi ko sphagnum.
Shayar da dendrobium ya dogara da lokacin shekara da lokacin girma: a cikin bazara da bazara, ana shayar da tsire-tsire da yawa, substrate ya bushe tsakanin waterings. Yawan danshi a cikin ƙasa baya amfana da dendrobium kuma yana iya haifar da ruɓar tushen. Shayar da dendrobium kawai tare da ruwan dumi. Ruwan hunturu ya dogara da irin nau'in dendrobium da kuke girma: tsire-tsire tare da lokacin barci mai faɗi (alal misali, dendrobium nobile) kusan ba a shayar da su a cikin hunturu, bayyanar buds furanni ya kamata ya zama sigina don haɓaka shayarwa. Wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan, musamman dendrobium phalaenopsis, ba su da lokacin hutu kuma suna buƙatar shayar da su a cikin hunturu.
takin mai magani
Kulawa da kyau na dendrobium orchid ya haɗa da ciyar da tilas. Don dendrobiums, shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen na musamman da aka tsara don orchids sun dace. Yawancin lokaci ana ƙara waɗannan takin a cikin ruwa a lokacin ban ruwa, amma akwai tsari na musamman don ciyar da foliar - fesa a kan ganye. Ana ba da shawarar irin wannan shirye-shiryen don tsire-tsire tare da tsarin tushen lalacewa ko rashin haɓaka (alal misali, don ƙwanƙwasa mai tushe ko yankan), da kuma chlorosis. Don dendrobiums, a kowane hali ba sa amfani da busassun takin mai magani (Allunan da "sandunan lafiya").
Ciyar
Ana amfani da babban sutura a lokacin girma, wato, girma mai aiki na shuka, yawanci sau 1 a cikin makonni 2 zuwa 3, sai dai in ba haka ba ya nuna a cikin umarnin da aka zaɓa taki. Ana amfani da suturar farko da ta ƙarshe don kakar wasa a cikin adadin 1/2 na cikakken kashi.
Ko yana da mahimmanci don ciyar da dendrobiums a lokacin furanni shine madaidaicin ma'ana, amma galibi ana ba da shawarar dakatar da suturar saman da zaran furanni sun yi fure a rabi, kuma su ci gaba bayan fure.
Tufafin saman foliar yana yiwuwa ne kawai a waje da lokacin fure, kamar yadda furannin suka mutu saboda abubuwan gina jiki akan su.
Kada a fesa dendrobium tare da takin mai magani a cikin rana kai tsaye: wannan yana haifar da konewa da mutuwar ganye. Waɗannan nau'ikan da nau'ikan da ke da lokacin hutun hunturu ba a ciyar da su a wannan lokacin. Za a iya ciyar da tsire-tsire masu dumi waɗanda ba su da lokacin hutawa sau ɗaya a wata.
Idan kun dasa ko yada dendrobium, ya kamata ku jira tare da suturar sama har sai ya yi ƙarfi kuma ya fara haifar da sabon harbe. Taki nan da nan bayan dasawa na iya haifar da mutuwar tushen da shuka gaba ɗaya.
Haifuwa na dendrobium orchid a gida
Yada dendrobium abu ne mai sauqi qwarai, zaku iya yin shi ta ɗayan hanyoyi biyu.
Ta hanyar rarraba daji. Bayan fure, ana iya dasa dendrobium kuma a raba shi. Don yin wannan, an cire shuka mai girma daga tukunya, ana tsabtace tushen daga ƙasa kuma a hankali ba a kwance ba. Sa'an nan, tare da kaifi disinfected kayan aiki, yanke delenki, kowane daga cikinsu ya kamata a kalla uku pseudobulbs (kayan itace) da kuma matasa harbe. Wuraren yanke ya kamata a yayyafa shi da gawayi mai kunnawa, an rufe shi da farar lambu ko manna na musamman don magance lalacewar tsirrai.
Yankan. Wannan hanya ce mafi rikitarwa ta yada dendrobium orchid, amma ba ta da rauni ga shuka.
Ana yanke tsoffin harbe zuwa guntu tare da internodes da yawa, an yayyafa yankan da gawayi ko an rufe su. Ana sanya yankan a kan sphagnum mai laushi a cikin greenhouse (kwandon filastik ko gilashi ya dace) ko kuma a cikin jaka kawai. Ana ajiye greenhouse a cikin wani wuri mai dumi mai haske (20 - 25 ° C) tare da hasken wuta, kowace rana ana buɗe shi don samun iska kuma ana yin ɗanɗano lokaci-lokaci. Bayan makonni 2-3, ƙananan harbe ya kamata su bayyana a cikin nodes na cuttings. Lokacin da suka haɓaka tushen, ana iya zama a cikin kwantena daban-daban.
Dendrobium orchid dashi a gida
Tushen tsarin dendrobium yana da rauni sosai kuma yana da sauƙin lalacewa, don haka ya kamata a dasa shi kawai idan ya cancanta. Akwai dalilai da yawa don dasa orchid:
- shuka ya zarce ƙarfinsa kuma tushen ya wuce shi;
- tushen tsarin rots (dalilan wannan za a tattauna a kasa);
- Ƙasar da ke cikin tukunyar ba ta canza ba tsawon shekaru da yawa kuma tana buƙatar sabuntawa.
Ba kamar phalaenopsis ba, dendrobium yana buƙatar akwati mara kyau don shuka. Dendrobiums yawanci ana dasa su ne bayan fure, ana iya dasa nau'in furanni na marigayi a cikin bazara, lokacin da harbe-harbe suka gama girma.
Sabon kwandon ya kamata ya zama ɗan faɗi fiye da na baya. An shimfiɗa magudanar ruwa na tsakuwa ko tarkace a ƙasa. Lokacin dasawa, ana cire dendrobium orchid a hankali daga tukunya, an cire tushen daga ƙasa, duk lalacewa ana bi da su tare da murƙushe gawayi mai kunnawa, var ko sauran irin wannan wakili. Bayan sassan sun bushe, ana sanya shuka a cikin tukunya kuma a rufe shi da ƙasa a hankali, ba tare da lalata shi ba kuma ba tare da yin barci ba. Bayan dasawa, ana sanya shuka a cikin inuwa na tsawon makonni 2-3 kuma ba a shayar da shi tsawon kwanaki 3-4.
Dendrobium orchid cututtuka
Fungal da cututtuka na kwayan cuta. Tsire-tsire da aka ajiye a cikin yanayin da bai dace ba suna shafar su da farko: rashin haske, ƙarancin zafi ko shayarwa mara kyau.
Alamar farko na wadannan cututtukan dendrobium orchid shine baƙar fata ko launin ruwan kasa a cikin ganyayyaki, wani lokacin tare da gefen haske. Tabo ɗaya na iya zama sakamakon rauni na bazata ko kunar rana, amma idan tabo ya ƙaru da girma ko adadi, yana iya zama kamuwa da cuta.
Don ajiye dendrobium orchid daga cututtuka da ke haifar da fungi da kwayoyin cuta, an inganta yanayin tsarewa, an cire sassan da aka shafa, an yayyafa sassan da carbon da aka kunna ko cauterized tare da aidin. Sannan ana kula da shuka tare da kowane shiri na fungicidal wanda ya dace da amfanin gida.
Tushen da tushe rot na pseudobulbs. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan cutar dendrobium shine sakamakon yawan shayarwa tare da raguwar danshi da ambaliya na sansanonin pseudobulb.
Lokacin da tushen rot ya bayyana, dole ne a dasa shuka nan da nan a cikin wani sabon abu. Kafin wannan, an cire sassan ruɓaɓɓen tushen tushen, an yayyafa sassan da gawayi da aka kunna. Idan tushen tushen tushen ya lalace, an cire wuraren da suka lalace (idan akwai mummunan lalacewa, mai tushe gaba ɗaya), an lalata sassan, ana kula da shuka tare da shirye-shiryen fungicidal.
Kwari na dendrobium orchids
Dendrobium yana da rauni ga kwari na cikin gida na yau da kullun: mites gizo-gizo, kwari sikelin, aphids, mealybugs, thrips da whiteflies.
Matakan kula da kwaro na Dendrobium iri ɗaya ne da na sauran tsire-tsire na cikin gida. Daga mealybug, gizo-gizo mite da whitefly, idan akwai kaɗan daga cikinsu, yana taimakawa sosai don wanke shuka tare da sabulu na gida ko na musamman koren, yana da kyau a yi wannan sau 2-3 tare da tazara na kwanaki da yawa.
Idan akwai mummunar lalacewa ta hanyar waɗannan kwari, da kuma lokacin da aka samo kwari ko thrips, kawai magani tare da shirye-shiryen agrochemical na musamman yana taimakawa: Actellik, Fitoverm (3) ko wasu tare da irin wannan sakamako.
Shahararrun tambayoyi da amsoshi
Lokacin siyan, a hankali bincika dendrobium don lalacewa da alamun kwari. Zai fi kyau a ajiye dendrobium da aka saya don makonni 2-3 "a cikin keɓewa" - dabam daga sauran tsire-tsire na gida, saboda ana iya kamuwa da shi ba kawai tare da kwari ba, amma har da ƙwayoyin cuta ko kwayoyin cuta.
- shuka ya yi girma - dendrobiums da aka girma daga yankan yawanci suna fure tsawon shekaru 2-3;
- rashin isasshen haske - kuna buƙatar sake tsara shuka a wuri mai haske ko samar da ƙarin haske;
- lokacin barci yana damuwa - idan a lokacin lokacin barci (ga waɗannan nau'in da ke da shi) an ajiye shuka a yanayin da bai dace ba ko - ya karbi ruwa mai yawa, bazai yi fure ba kwata-kwata, wani lokaci a cikin irin wannan yanayi, maimakon furanni. ƙananan harbe suna tasowa akan shuka;
wuce kima watering a mataki na samuwar toho - wannan zai iya haifar da gaskiyar cewa buds ba su tasowa ko fadowa;
- ɗakin daki - dendrobiums suna buƙatar samun dama ga iska mai kyau.
Moniliform dendrobiums, waɗanda suka fi dacewa da masu farawa, ba su samuwa a cikin shaguna na sarkar, kuna buƙatar siyan waɗannan tsire-tsire daga masu tarawa, akwai tayin da yawa a yanzu. Kafin yin zaɓi, tabbatar da karanta sake dubawa na kan layi game da mai siyarwa.
Tushen
- Averyanov LV Key zuwa orchids (Orchidaceae Juss.) na Vietnam // St. Petersburg: Duniya da iyali, 1994 - 432 p.
- Hawkes AD Encyclopaedia na noman orchids // Faber da Faber, London, (1965) 1987.
- Kasidar Jiha na magungunan kashe qwari da agrochemicals da aka ba da izini don amfani a yankin Tarayyar har zuwa Yuli 6, 2021 // Ma'aikatar Noma ta Tarayya
- https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/