Allergy na furotin na shanu, ko APLV, shine mafi yawan rashin lafiyar abinci a cikin jarirai. Yafi bayyana a farkon watanni na rayuwa. Kamar yadda waɗannan alamomin suka bambanta sosai daga ɗayan yaro zuwa wani, ganowarsa na iya zama da wahala wasu lokuta. Da zarar an gano cutar, APLV na buƙatar rage cin abinci, ƙarƙashin kulawar likita. Allergy tare da tsinkaya mai kyau, a zahiri yana tasowa zuwa haɓaka juriya a yawancin yara.

Abubuwan da ke cikin madarar shanu

Allergy na furotin saniya, ko APLV, yana nufin faruwar bayyanar cututtuka na asibiti bayan shan madarar saniya ko kayan kiwo, biyo bayan wani mummunan yanayin rigakafi ga furotin madarar saniya. Nonon saniya ya ƙunshi sunadaran gina jiki kusan talatin, da sauransu:

• lactalbumin,
• β-lactoglobulin,
• albumin jini,
• immunoglobulins,
• lokuta αs1, αs2, β et al.

Su ne yiwuwar alerji. PLVs suna daya daga cikin manyan allergens a farkon shekaru 2 na rayuwa, wanda ke da ma'ana tun a cikin shekara ta farko, madara shine babban abincin jariri. 

Daban-daban pathologies

Dangane da tsarin da ke ciki, akwai pathologies daban-daban: 

Rashin lafiyar madarar saniya dogara IgE (IgE-mediated)

ko APLV kanta. Sunadaran da ke cikin madarar saniya suna haifar da amsa mai kumburi tare da samar da immunoglobulin E (IgE), ƙwayoyin rigakafi da aka samar don mayar da martani ga alerji. 

Rashin haƙurin madara mara dogaro da IgE

Jiki yana amsawa da alamu daban-daban don fallasa zuwa antigens madarar saniya, amma babu samar da IgE. A cikin jarirai, wannan shine mafi yawan nau'i. 

APLV na iya shafar ci gaban jariri da ma'adinan kashi saboda abubuwan gina jiki ba su da kyau sosai.

Bayyanar cututtuka na APLV sun bambanta sosai dangane da tsarin da ke ciki, yaron da shekarunsa. Suna shafar tsarin narkewa, fata, tsarin numfashi. 

Idan akwai IgE-mai shiga tsakani APLV

A cikin APLV mai tsaka-tsaki na IgE, halayen suna yawanci nan take: ciwon baki da amai da ke biyo bayan gudawa, halayen gama-gari tare da pruritus, urticaria, angioedema, kuma a cikin lokuta masu tsanani anaphylaxis.

Idan akwai IgE ba tare da sulhu ba

A cikin yanayin IgE da ba a shiga tsakani ba, yawanci ana jinkirin bayyanar cututtuka: 

• eczema (atopic dermatitis);
• zawo ko, akasin haka, maƙarƙashiya;
• m regurgitation ko ma amai;
• zubar jini ta dubura;
• colic, ciwon ciki;
• kumburi da gas;
• rashin isasshen nauyi;
• rashin jin daɗi, damuwa barci;
• rhinitis, tari na kullum;
• ciwon kunne akai-akai;
• jariri asma.

Waɗannan bayyanarwa sun bambanta sosai daga ɗayan jariri zuwa wancan. Yaro ɗaya na iya samun halayen gaggawa da jinkiri. Hakanan alamun suna canzawa tare da shekaru: kafin shekaru 1, fata da alamun narkewa sun fi yawa. Bayan haka, APLV yana bayyana kansa ta hanyar fata-mucous da alamun numfashi. Waɗannan su ne duk abubuwan da wasu lokuta ke sa ganewar asali na APLV wahala.

Fuskanci da narkewar abinci da / ko alamun fata a cikin jariri, likita zai fara yin gwajin asibiti da kuma tambayoyi game da halayen rashin lafiyar daban-daban, abincin jariri, halinsa ko ma tarihin rashin lafiyar iyali. Musamman, likita na iya amfani da CoMiSS® (makin alamar alamar alamar madarar saniya), ƙima dangane da manyan alamun da ke da alaƙa da APLV. 

Gwaje-gwaje daban-daban don tantance APLV

A yau, babu gwaje-gwajen nazarin halittu waɗanda zasu iya kafa ko karyata tare da tabbacin ganewar asali na APLV. Sakamakon ganewar asali yana dogara ne akan gwaje-gwaje daban-daban.

Don APLV mai dogaro da IgE

• gwajin fatar nonon saniya. Wannan gwajin fata ya ƙunshi yin ɗan ƙaramin tsantsataccen tsattsauran ƙwayar cuta ya shiga cikin fata tare da ƙaramin lancet. Bayan minti 10 zuwa 20, ana samun sakamakon. Gwajin tabbatacce yana bayyana ta papule, (ƙananan pimple). Ana iya yin wannan gwajin da wuri a jarirai, kuma ba shi da zafi.
• gwajin jini don takamaiman IgE.

Don APLV wanda bai dogara da IgE ba

• gwajin faci ko gwajin faci. Ana sanya ƙananan kofuna waɗanda ke ɗauke da allergen akan fata na baya. Ana cire su bayan sa'o'i 48, kuma ana samun sakamakon sa'o'i 24 bayan haka. Abubuwan da suka dace sun fito daga erythema mai sauƙi mai sauƙi zuwa haɗuwa da erythema, vesicles da kumfa. 

An tabbatar da ganewar asali tare da tabbas ta hanyar gwajin korar (ana cire sunadaran madarar saniya daga abinci) da kuma ƙalubalen baka ga sunadaran madarar saniya, ba tare da la'akari da nau'in rigakafi ba.

Gudanar da APLV ya dogara ne akan tsananin kawar da allergen. Musamman milks za a wa wa jariri ga jariri, gwargwadon shawarwarin kwamitin abinci na Faransanci na Faransa da kuma al'ummar Turai (APSPGHAN). 

Yin amfani da babban furotin hydrolyzate (EO)

A cikin niyya ta farko, za a ba da babban hydrolyzate na sunadarai (EO) ko babban hydrolyzate na sunadarai (HPP) ga jariri. Waɗannan madarar da aka shirya daga casein ko whey suna cikin mafi yawan lokuta da jariran APLV suka jure sosai. Idan alamun sun ci gaba bayan an gwada nau'ikan hydrolysates daban-daban, ko kuma a cikin yanayin rashin lafiya mai tsanani, za'a rubuta wata dabarar jarirai dangane da amino acid na roba (FAA). 

Shirye-shiryen furotin soya madara

Shirye-shiryen sunadaran soymilk (PPS) gabaɗaya ana jure su da kyau, mai rahusa da ɗanɗano fiye da hydrolysates, amma abun ciki na isoflavone yana da shakka. Wadannan phytochemicals da ke cikin waken soya sune phytoestrogens: saboda kamanninsu na kwayoyin halitta, suna iya yin koyi da estrogens, don haka suna aiki a matsayin masu rushewar endocrin. An wajabta su azaman layi na uku, zai fi dacewa bayan watanni 6, tabbatar da zaɓar madara tare da rage abun ciki na isoflavone.

Maganin Hypoallergenic (HA)

Ba a nuna madarar Hypoallergenic (HA) ba a cikin yanayin APLV. Wannan madara, da aka yi daga madarar saniya, wanda aka gyara don rage rashin lafiyar jiki, an yi shi ne don rigakafi ga jariran da ke fama da allergies (musamman tarihin iyali), bisa shawarar likita, a cikin watanni shida na farko na jariri. 

Amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan itace kayan lambu

Yin amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan itace (soya, shinkafa, almond da sauransu) yana da ƙarfi sosai, saboda ba su dace da bukatun abinci na jarirai ba. Amma ga madarar sauran dabbobi (mare, goat), ba sa samar da duk abubuwan da ake bukata ga jariri ko dai, kuma suna iya haifar da wasu rashin lafiyar jiki, saboda hadarin rashin lafiyan giciye.

Abincin kawar da shi ya kamata ya kasance na akalla watanni 6 ko har zuwa shekaru 9 ko ma watanni 12 ko 18, ya danganta da tsananin alamun. Maidowa a hankali zai gudana ne bayan gwajin ƙalubalen baka (OPT) tare da nonon shanu da aka yi a asibiti. 

APLV yana da kyakkyawan tsinkaye godiya ga ci gaba da girma na tsarin rigakafi na hanji na yaro da kuma samun haƙuri ga sunadaran madara. A mafi yawan lokuta, tsarin dabi'a shine haɓaka haƙuri a cikin yara tsakanin shekaru 1 zuwa 3: kusan 50% ta shekaru 1 shekara,> 75% ta shekaru 3 da> 90% a shekaru 6.

A cikin jariran da ake shayarwa, abubuwan da ke faruwa na APLV sun yi ƙasa sosai (0,5%). Gudanar da APLV a cikin jaririn da aka shayar da shi ya ƙunshi kawar da duk kayan kiwo daga abincin mahaifiyar: madara, yogurt, cuku, man shanu, kirim mai tsami, da dai sauransu. A lokaci guda, mahaifiyar dole ne ta dauki bitamin D da karin calcium. Idan bayyanar cututtuka sun inganta ko sun ɓace, mahaifiyar mai shayarwa za ta iya gwada sake shigar da sunadaran madarar saniya a hankali a cikin abincinta, ba tare da wuce iyakar adadin da yaron ya jure ba.