Fahimtar-halayyar far

A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2021, Aaron Temkin Beck ya mutu - Ba'amurke masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam, farfesa a ilimin hauka, wanda ya shiga tarihi a matsayin mahaliccin fahimi-halayen halayen a cikin ilimin halin dan Adam.

"Makullin fahimtar da magance matsalolin tunani ya ta'allaka ne a cikin tunanin mai haƙuri," in ji masanin ilimin psychotherapist. Hanyarsa mai mahimmanci don yin aiki tare da ciki, phobias da damuwa da damuwa ya nuna sakamako mai kyau a cikin jiyya tare da abokan ciniki kuma ya zama sananne tare da masu sana'a a duniya.

Menene?

Wannan hanya na ilimin halin dan Adam ya yi kira ga hankali kuma yana taimakawa wajen kawar da stereotypes da ra'ayoyin da suka rigaya suka hana mu 'yancin zabi kuma suna tura mu muyi aiki bisa ga tsari.

Hanyar yana ba da damar, idan ya cancanta, don gyara rashin sani, "na atomatik" ƙarshe na mai haƙuri. Yana ganin su a matsayin gaskiya, amma a zahiri suna iya karkatar da al'amura na gaske. Wadannan tunani sukan zama tushen motsin rai mai raɗaɗi, halayen da ba su dace ba, damuwa, rashin damuwa, da sauran cututtuka.

Dokar sarrafawa

Farfadowa ya dogara ne akan aikin haɗin gwiwa na mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali da mai haƙuri. Mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ba ya koya wa majiyyaci yadda za a yi tunani daidai, amma tare da shi suna fahimtar ko irin tunanin da ya saba taimaka masa ko ya hana shi. Makullin nasara shine haɗin kai mai aiki na mai haƙuri, wanda ba zai yi aiki kawai a cikin zaman ba, amma kuma ya yi aikin gida.

Idan a farkon farfadowa ya mayar da hankali ne kawai ga alamun bayyanar cututtuka da gunaguni na mai haƙuri, to sannu a hankali ya fara rinjayar yankunan da ba a sani ba - ainihin imani, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na yara da suka shafi samuwar su. Ka'idar amsawa yana da mahimmanci - mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali kullum yana duba yadda mai haƙuri ya fahimci abin da ke faruwa a far, kuma yayi magana game da kurakurai masu yiwuwa tare da shi.

Ci gaban

Mai haƙuri, tare da psychotherapist, gano a cikin waɗanne yanayi matsalar ta bayyana kanta: yadda "tunanin atomatik" ke tashi da kuma yadda suke shafar ra'ayoyinsa, abubuwan da suka faru da halayensa. A cikin zama na farko, mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali yana sauraron mai haƙuri ne kawai, kuma a gaba ya tattauna dalla-dalla game da tunanin mai haƙuri da halinsa a yawancin al'amuran yau da kullum: menene yake tunani game da lokacin da ya farka? Akan karin kumallo fa? Manufar ita ce yin jerin lokuta da yanayi waɗanda ke haifar da damuwa.

Sa'an nan kuma mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali da marasa lafiya sun tsara shirin aiki. Ya haɗa da ayyuka don kammalawa a wurare ko yanayi waɗanda ke haifar da damuwa - hau lif, ku ci abincin dare a wurin jama'a… Waɗannan darasi suna ba ku damar haɓaka sabbin ƙwarewa kuma a hankali canza hali. Mutum yakan koyi zama mai taurin kai da rarrabuwa, don ganin fuskoki daban-daban na yanayin matsala.

Mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali yana yin tambayoyi akai-akai kuma yana bayyana abubuwan da zasu taimaka wa majiyyaci fahimtar matsalar. Kowane zaman ya bambanta da na baya, domin duk lokacin da mai haƙuri ya motsa gaba kadan kuma ya saba da rayuwa ba tare da goyon bayan mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ba daidai da sababbin ra'ayoyi masu sassaucin ra'ayi.

Maimakon "karanta" tunanin wasu, mutum ya koyi yadda za a bambanta nasa, ya fara hali daban, kuma a sakamakon haka, yanayin tunaninsa yana canzawa. Ya kwantar da hankali, yana jin ƙarin rai da yanci. Ya fara abota da kansa kuma ya daina hukunta kansa da sauran mutane.

A waɗanne lokuta ya zama dole?

Maganin fahimi yana da tasiri wajen magance bakin ciki, harin firgici, damun jama'a, rikice-rikicen tilastawa, da matsalar cin abinci. Hakanan ana amfani da wannan hanyar don magance shaye-shaye, jarabar miyagun ƙwayoyi har ma da schizophrenia (a matsayin hanyar tallafi). A lokaci guda kuma, farfagandar fahimi shima ya dace don magance ƙarancin girman kai, matsalolin dangantaka, kamala, da jinkirtawa.

Ana iya amfani da shi duka a cikin aikin mutum ɗaya kuma a cikin aiki tare da iyalai. Amma bai dace da waɗancan marasa lafiya waɗanda ba su da shiri don shiga cikin aikin kuma suna tsammanin mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ya ba da shawara ko kawai fassara abin da ke faruwa.

Har yaushe ake ɗaukar jiyya? Nawa ne shi din?

Yawan tarurruka ya dogara ne akan shirye-shiryen abokin ciniki don yin aiki, a kan mawuyacin matsala da yanayin rayuwarsa. Kowane zama yana ɗaukar mintuna 50. Hanyar jiyya tana daga zaman 5-10 sau 1-2 a mako. A wasu lokuta, jiyya na iya wuce fiye da watanni shida.