Nonon saniya shine cikakken abinci… Ga maraƙi
"Kayayyakin kiwo sune abinci mai kyau daga yanayin kanta - amma idan kun kasance maraƙi.<...> Bayan haka, jikinmu ba ya dace da narkewar madara na yau da kullum," in ji masanin abinci mai gina jiki Dokta Mark Hyman a cikin ɗaya daga cikin littattafansa.
Daga mahangar juyin halitta, jarabar ɗan adam ga madarar wani nau'in al'amari ne da ba za a iya bayyana shi ba. Duk da yake yawan amfani da madarar yau da kullun yana kama da zama wani abu na halitta kuma maras laifi. Duk da haka, idan ka dubi shi daga ra'ayi na ilmin halitta, ya bayyana a fili cewa yanayin mahaifiyar ba ta shirya irin wannan amfani ga wannan "sha" ba.
Mun fara kiwon shanu ne kawai shekaru dubu goma da suka wuce. Ba abin mamaki bane, a cikin irin wannan ɗan gajeren lokaci, har yanzu jikinmu bai dace da narkar da madarar wani nau'i na waje ba. Matsaloli suna tasowa musamman tare da sarrafa lactose, carbohydrate da ake samu a madara. A cikin jiki, "sukari mai madara" ya rushe zuwa sucrose da galactose, kuma don haka ya faru, ana buƙatar enzyme na musamman, lactase. Abin kamawa shine cewa wannan enzyme ya daina samarwa a yawancin mutane tsakanin shekaru biyu zuwa biyar. Yanzu an tabbatar da cewa kusan kashi 75% na mutanen duniya suna fama da rashin haƙƙin lactose (2).
Kada ka manta cewa madarar kowane dabba ya dace da bukatun 'ya'yan itatuwa na musamman nau'in halitta. Nonon akuya na yara ne, nonon kyanwa na kyanwa ne, madarar kare na ’yar tsana ce, madarar saniya kuma ta maraƙi. Af, maruƙa a lokacin haihuwa suna kimanin kilo 45, lokacin da aka yaye daga mahaifiyar, ɗan ya riga ya yi nauyi sau takwas. Don haka, nonon saniya ya ƙunshi furotin da sinadirai kusan sau uku fiye da madarar ɗan adam. To sai dai kuma duk da fa'idar da nonon uwa ke da shi, 'yan marukan suna daina shansa gaba daya bayan sun kai wasu shekaru. Haka abin yake faruwa da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa. A cikin duniyar dabba, madara shine abincin jarirai kawai. Yayin da mutane ke shan madara a tsawon rayuwarsu, wanda ta kowane fanni ya saba wa tsarin halitta.
Najasa a cikin madara
Godiya ga talla, mun saba da hoton saniya mai farin ciki tana kiwo cikin lumana a cikin makiyaya. Duk da haka, mutane kaɗan suna tunanin yadda wannan hoto mai launi ya yi nisa daga gaskiya. Gonakin kiwo sukan yi amfani da ingantattun hanyoyi don haɓaka “girman samarwa”.
Misali, ana noman saniya ta hanyar wucin gadi, tunda a cikin babban kamfani zai yi matukar amfani wajen shirya tarurruka na sirri da bijimi ga kowane saniya. Bayan 'yan maruƙan, sai ta ba da madara, a matsakaici, tsawon watanni 10, bayan haka an sake ba da dabbar ta hanyar wucin gadi kuma an sake sake sake zagayowar duka. Wannan yana faruwa ne tsawon shekaru 4-5, wanda saniya ke ciyarwa a cikin ciki akai-akai da haihuwa mai raɗaɗi (3). A lokaci guda kuma, a duk tsawon wannan lokacin, dabbar tana ba da madara sau da yawa fiye da yadda ya faru a yanayin yanayi lokacin ciyar da ɗan yaro. Wannan yawanci saboda gaskiyar cewa a gonakin ana ba dabbobin magani na musamman na hormonal, recombinant bovine growth hormone (rBGH). Idan aka shigar da shi cikin jikin mutum ta madarar saniya, wannan sinadarin yana kara kuzari wajen samar da sinadari mai suna Insulin-like growth factor-1, wanda da yawa yana iya haifar da ci gaban kwayoyin cutar kansa (4). A cewar Dokta Samuel Epstein na Ƙungiyar Ciwon daji ta Amirka: "Ta hanyar shan madara mai ɗauke da rBGH (recombinant bovine growth hormone), za a iya sa ran karuwa mai yawa a cikin jini na IGF-1, wanda zai iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon nono da kuma ciwon nono. bayar da gudunmuwar ta’addanci” (5).
Duk da haka, ban da haɓakar hormone, ana samun alamun maganin rigakafi a cikin madara a cikin gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje. Bayan haka, ainihin hanyar samun madara, cin zali ne a ma'aunin masana'antu. A yau, nono ya haɗa da haɗa na'ura ta musamman tare da famfo mai ruwa zuwa nono saniya. Nonon inji na ci gaba da haifar da mastitis da sauran cututtuka masu yaduwa a cikin shanu. Don dakatar da tsarin kumburi, sau da yawa ana allurar dabbobi tare da maganin rigakafi, wanda kuma ba ya ɓace gaba ɗaya yayin aikin pasteurization (6).
Sauran abubuwa masu haɗari waɗanda aka samu a cikin madara a lokaci ɗaya ko wani sun haɗa da magungunan kashe qwari, dioxins, har ma da melamine, wanda ba za a iya kawar da su ta hanyar pasteurization ba. Wadannan gubobi ba a cire su nan da nan daga jiki kuma suna yin mummunar tasiri ga gabobin urinary, da kuma tsarin rigakafi da juyayi.
Lafiyayyan kashi?
Dangane da tambayar abin da ya kamata a yi don kiyaye kasusuwa masu lafiya, kowane likita zai ce ba tare da tunani mai yawa ba: "Ku sha madara mai yawa!". Duk da haka, duk da shaharar kayayyakin kiwo a cikin latitudes, yawan mutanen da ke fama da osteoporosis na karuwa akai-akai kowace shekara. A cewar shafin yanar gizon hukuma na Ƙungiyar Osteoporosis na Rasha, kowane minti daya a cikin Tarayyar Rasha akwai ƙananan raunin raunin kwarangwal 17 na kwarangwal na gefe saboda osteoporosis, kowane minti 5 - karaya na proximal femur, da kuma jimlar 9 miliyan asibiti. manyan karaya saboda osteoporosis a kowace shekara (7).
A halin yanzu babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa samfuran kiwo suna da tasiri mai kyau akan lafiyar kashi. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, an gudanar da bincike da yawa da ke tabbatar da cewa amfani da madara, bisa ga ka'ida, ba ya shafar ƙarfin kashi ta kowace hanya. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun shine Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya na Harvard, wanda ya haɗa da batutuwa kusan 78 kuma ya dauki tsawon shekaru 12. Binciken ya gano cewa wadanda suka fi cin nono suma suna saurin kamuwa da ciwon kashi, haka ma wadanda suka sha madara kadan ko ba sa shan nono (8).
Jikinmu kullum yana fitar da tsofaffi, yana zubar da alli daga kasusuwa yana maye gurbinsa da sabo. Sabili da haka, don kula da lafiyar kasusuwa, wajibi ne a ci gaba da "samar da" wannan kashi ga jiki. Bukatar yau da kullun don calcium shine milligrams 600 - wannan ya fi isa ga jiki. Don gyara wannan al'ada, bisa ga sanannun imani, kuna buƙatar sha gilashin madara 2-3 a rana. Duk da haka, akwai ƙarin tushen alli marasa lahani. “Madara da kayan kiwo ba wani sashe na wajibi bane a cikin abinci kuma, gabaɗaya, na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga lafiya. Zai fi kyau a ba da fifiko ga abinci mai lafiya, wanda ke wakiltar hatsi, 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu, legumes da abinci mai ƙarfi na bitamin, gami da hatsin karin kumallo da ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Ta hanyar cinye waɗannan samfuran, zaku iya cika buƙatar calcium, potassium, riboflavin cikin sauƙi ba tare da ƙarin haɗarin kiwon lafiya da ke tattare da amfani da kayan kiwo ba, ”an ba da shawarar a shafin yanar gizon su na likitoci daga ƙungiyar masu goyon bayan abinci mai gina jiki (9) ).