Cerebellar ataxia yana haifar da cuta ko rauni ga cerebellum, wanda ke cikin kwakwalwa. Wannan cuta yana nuna rashin daidaituwa a cikin motsin tsoka. (1)

Ataxia shine kalmar haɗawa tare da dama cuta da ke shafar daidaituwa, daidaito da harshe.

Duk sassan jiki na iya kamuwa da cutar, duk da haka mutanen da ke da ataxia gabaɗaya suna da nakasu a:

- daidaitawa da tafiya;

- harshe;

- haɗiye;

– wajen aiwatar da ayyukan da ke buƙatar takamaiman matakin sarrafawa, kamar rubutu ko cin abinci;

- hangen nesa.

Akwai nau'ikan ataxia daban-daban waɗanda ke da alamun bayyanar cututtuka daban-daban da tsanani: (2).

- ataxia da aka samu shine nau'in da ya dace da ci gaban bayyanar cututtuka sakamakon rauni, bugun jini, sclerosis, ciwon kwakwalwa, rashin abinci mai gina jiki ko wasu matsalolin da ke lalata kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi;

- ataxia na gado, yayi daidai da nau'in da alamun bayyanar cututtuka ke tasowa a hankali (a cikin shekaru da yawa). Wannan nau'i shine sanadin rashin daidaituwar kwayoyin halitta da iyaye suka gada. Wannan nau'i kuma ana kiransa Friedreich's ataxia.

– Idiopathic ataxia tare da ƙarshen farkon cerebellar ataxia, wanda a hankali kwakwalwa ke shafar lokaci don dalilai waɗanda galibi ba a san su ba.

Game da autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia, wani bangare ne na gungun cututtukan da ba kasafai suke shafar tsarin jijiya na tsakiya da na gefe ba. Wadannan pathologies kuma na iya shafar sauran gabobin. Asalin wannan nau'in cutar shine gadon gado na autosomal. Ko watsa kwayar halittar sha'awa da ta canza daga iyaye. Kasancewar kwafin kwayar halitta ɗaya kawai ya zama dole don ci gaban cutar.

Ci gaban cutar sau da yawa yana faruwa kafin shekaru 20.

Cuta ce da ba kasafai ba, wanda yawanta (yawan lokuta a cikin jama'a da aka bayar a lokaci guda) yana tsakanin lokuta 1 zuwa 4 a cikin mutane 100. (000)

Alamun da ke da alaƙa da cerebellar ataxia sune neurological da inji.

Cerebellar ataxia gabaɗaya yana shafar gangar jikin: daga wuyansa zuwa kwatangwalo, amma kuma hannuwa da ƙafafu.

Alamomin gaba ɗaya na cerebellar ataxia sun haɗa da: (1)

- Tsarin magana mara kyau (dysarthria): rikicewar haɗin gwiwa;

- nystagmus: motsin ido mai maimaita;

- motsin ido mara daidaituwa;

– wani m tafiya.

Cerebellar ataxia yana shafar ƙananan yara masu matsakaicin shekaru 3.

Cutar na iya tasowa bayan 'yan makonni bayan kamuwa da kwayar cutar hoto. Waɗannan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da ake tambaya sun haɗa da: kaji, kamuwa da cutar Eptein-Barr, cutar Coxsackie ko kamuwa da cuta tare da echovirus.

Wasu asali ana iya danganta su da wannan cutar, musamman: (1)

- kumburi a cikin cerebellum;

- shan barasa, wasu kwayoyi ko hulɗa da magungunan kwari;

- zubar jini na ciki a cikin cerebellum;

- sclerosis mai yawa: haɓaka nama mai haɗawa a cikin sashin jiki, yana haifar da taurin;

- hatsarin jijiyoyin jini na cerebral;

– wasu alluran rigakafi.

Ataxia yawanci yana haɗuwa da lalacewa ga cerebellum. Duk da haka, rashin daidaituwa a wasu sassa na tsarin juyayi na iya zama sanadin.

Wannan lalacewar kwakwalwa yana da alaƙa da wasu yanayi, kamar: raunin kai, rashin iskar oxygen a cikin kwakwalwa ko ma yawan shan barasa.

Bugu da kari, ana kuma iya watsa cutar ta hanyar gadon gado na nau'in mamayar ta atomatik. Ko, canja wurin rikitaccen jinsin sha'awa, wanda ke gudana akan chromosome wanda ba na jima'i ba, daga iyaye. Kasancewar ɗaya kawai daga cikin kwafi biyu na ƙwayar halittar da aka canza ya wadatar a cikin haɓakar ataxia cerebellar. (2)

Abubuwan haɗari da ke da alaƙa da cerebellar ataxia sune kwayoyin halitta, a cikin mahallin mahimmin gado na autosomal. A cikin akwati na ƙarshe, watsa kwafin kwafi guda ɗaya na maye gurbi na sha'awa ya wadatar don haɓaka cutar ga zuriya. A wannan ma'anar, idan daya daga cikin iyaye biyu ya shafi ilimin cututtuka, yaron yana da 50% hadarin haka ma.

Sauran abubuwan kuma suna shiga cikin ci gaban wannan cutar. Waɗannan sun haɗa da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta: kaji, kamuwa da cutar Eptein-Barr, cutar Coxsackie ko kamuwa da cutar echovirus.

Mafi yawan haɗarin da aka samu a cikin cerebellar ataxia shine kwakwalwa da rikice-rikice na tsarin juyayi.

Mafi sau da yawa ana haɗuwa da ganewar asali na cutar tare da ganewar asali, wanda likita ya yi wa majiyyaci tambayoyi da yawa don sanin ko kwanan nan ya yi rashin lafiya. Wannan ra'ayi na farko kuma yana ba da damar kawar da wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da alamun bayyanar cututtuka.

Bayan wannan hangen nesa na farko, ana gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi na tsakiya don gano yankunan da cutar ta shafa. Daga cikin waɗannan gwaje-gwaje, za mu iya ambata:

- duban kai;

– MRI (Magnetic Resonance Hoton) na kai.

Maganin cutar ya dogara kai tsaye ga abin da ya haifar da ita: (1).

- tiyata ya zama dole idan ataxia ya haifar da zubar jini na kwakwalwa;

- magungunan da ke rage jini yayin bugun jini;

- maganin rigakafi da maganin rigakafi a lokacin cututtuka;

- steroids don maganin kumburi na cerebellum.

Bugu da ƙari, a cikin yanayin ataxia da ke haifar da kamuwa da cuta na kwanan nan, ba a buƙatar magani.

A mafi yawan lokuta na cutar, babu maganinta. Jiyya kawai waɗanda ke sarrafa da iyakance alamun alamun ana rubuta su idan ya cancanta.

Har ila yau ana iya haɗa kayan taimako na harshe, physiotherapy a cikin ƙuduri na ƙarancin motsi, zaman jiyya na sana'a wanda ke ba da damar sake koyan ayyukan yau da kullun ko magungunan da ke ba da damar sarrafa tsokoki masu tsauri, tsokar caridaque, motsi ido da sarrafa fitsari. (2)