Kanada spruce

Kanada spruce (Picea glauca) an san masu lambu azaman spruce launin toka ko farin spruce. Waɗannan sunaye suna nuna alamar allura - ƙarƙashinsa yana da launin shuɗi-fari. Mafi shahararren nau'in spruce na Kanada shine Konika. Koyaya, a cikin yanayin yanayi, ana samun nasarar shuka wasu nau'ikan iri da yawa.

Ƙasar spruce na Kanada ita ce Arewacin Amirka, inda za ku iya samun samfurori kimanin shekaru 300. Dubi nau'in dwarf na spruce na Kanada, wanda aka fi girma a cikin lambunanmu, yana da wuya a yi tunanin cewa a cikin yanayi wannan babban itace mai tsayi 25-35 m, kuma yana iya girma har ma a cikin yanayi mai tsanani na Alaska (1) .

Kanadiya spruce iri

Yanayi da ƙoƙarin masu shayarwa sun ba masu lambu da yawa kyau, wani lokacin daɗaɗa, bishiyoyin Kirsimeti tare da nau'in kambi iri-iri. Yawancin su maye gurbi ne na mashahurin spruce na Kanada, Konik. 

Launi na allura na spruce na Kanada ba kawai bluish-blue ba, har ma da haske kore. Ƙananan ƙananan, allura masu laushi masu laushi, palette mai launi - waɗannan halaye suna ba da damar yin amfani da spruce na Kanada a ko'ina cikin ƙirar shimfidar wuri. 

Kanadiya spruce daidai da kyau ji duka biyu a cikin teku, maimakon m yanayi, kuma a cikin m wurare. Duk da haka, ba duka ba ne suke girma cikin nasara a yankuna da yawa. Kuma dalilin ba haka ba ne a cikin sanyi, amma a cikin rashin ƙarfi don tsayayya da kunar rana a cikin hunturu da farkon bazara.

Alberta Globe. Karamin tsire-tsire har zuwa tsayin mita 1 tare da kambi mai siffar zobe har zuwa mita 1,2 a diamita, tare da allura masu haske masu haske. Ba wai kawai yayi kama da Konika ba, amma maye gurbi ne na wannan nau'in. 

Juriya na sanyi shine matsakaici, yana jure sanyi har zuwa -32 ° C. Yana tsiro da kyau a wuraren rana, amma ya dace da wuraren da ke da inuwa mai haske. Yana buƙatar shayarwa na yau da kullun da mulching na kututturen bishiyar. 

Kyakkyawan shuka coniferous don lambunan dutse ko girma a cikin kwantena.

Echiniformis (Echiniformis). Ana la'akari da mafi yawan dwarf da jinkirin girma iri-iri: yana da shekaru 30 da kyar ya wuce 0,6 m a tsayi da 1 m a diamita. Kambi yana da siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar, girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman . Alluran bakin ciki ne kuma gajere, kore-shuɗi.

Juriya na sanyi shine matsakaici, yana jure sanyi har zuwa -32 ° C. Yana buƙatar wuri mai haske, ƙasa mai bushewa, shayarwa akai-akai da mulching a kusa da kututturan.

Kyakkyawan shuka coniferous don lambunan dutse da heather, mixborders.

Waɗannan nau'ikan guda biyu da Konika sune mafi mashahuri tsakanin masu lambu, amma yakamata ku kula da wasu:

• abin al'ajabi) - tare da kunkuntar kambi mai launin shuɗi, da shekaru 30 ya kai tsayin kusan 2 m, a cikin diamita na kambi - 0,75 m; 
• Ƙarshen Bakan gizo (Ƙarshen Bakan gizo) - shuka dwarf tare da kambi mai siffar mazugi har zuwa 1 m tsayi tare da allurar kore a cikin bazara da rawaya mai haske a lokacin rani;
• Sanders Blue (Sanders blue) - dwarf spruce tare da kambi mai siffar mazugi mai tsayi 0,7 m tare da allura mai shuɗi;
• Daisy's White - tsire-tsire dwarf tare da kambi mai tsayi har zuwa 1 m tsayi, koren allura mai laushi, asalin launin rawaya-fari na sabon girma;
• gishiri - shuka mai kambi mai kambi mai yawa mai launin kore mai haske, tsayin mita 1,5 kuma har zuwa 0,8 m a diamita.

Dasa spruce na Kanada 

Duk nau'ikan spruce na Kanada da aka saba amfani da su a cikin lambuna suna fama da tsananin sanyi da kunar rana a farkon bazara. Wato suna buƙatar shading. Haka kuma, inuwa ta wucin gadi ba koyaushe tana adanawa ba. Duk da haka, dasa shuki a cikin inuwa mai ban sha'awa, a ƙarƙashin kariyar sauran amfanin gona na coniferous ko shrubs masu yawa, yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa allurar mafi yawan shahararrun iri sun rasa launi mai haske.

Don haka, lokacin saukarwa, dole ne mu yi la'akari da maki 3:

• halayen allura masu laushi don ƙonawa - kana buƙatar nemo wurin da sakamakon lalacewa na rana mai haske zai kasance kadan;
• matsakaicin juriya na sanyi na yawancin nau'ikan - dole ne a kiyaye wurin saukowa daga iska mai sanyi;
• Tsarin tushen tushen wannan nau'in spruce - a cikin yankuna mara kyau, ana buƙatar shayarwa. 

Bayan zaɓar wurin saukowa, ya zama dole don shirya rami mai saukowa. Ba ya buƙatar yin girma da yawa, saboda ana sayar da spruce na Kanada kawai tare da tsarin tushen rufaffiyar, wato, a cikin kwantena. Ya isa cewa diamita na rami ya fi 10 cm girma fiye da coma na ƙasa. Duk da haka, ya kamata a kara yin zurfin don shirya magudanar ruwa a kan ƙasa mai nauyi, da kuma ƙara yumbu a kan ƙasa mai haske.

An dasa spruce tare da tsarin tushen rufaffiyar a duk lokacin dumi - daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba. Yana da mahimmanci don yin ruwa mai kyau bayan dasa shuki (1 - 2 buckets na ruwa a kowace shuka) da kuma rufe ƙasa a cikin da'irar gangar jikin tare da ciyawa mai kauri 5 - 7 cm. Kuna iya amfani da haushi, guntuwar itace ko tsayayyen sawdust na conifers azaman ciyawa.

Kula da ƙasa a cikin akwati - kasancewar ƙwallan launuka masu yawa yana nuna cewa an yi amfani da takin mai tsayi mai tsayi lokacin girma spruce. Sabili da haka, ya isa a saka guga 1 na takin da ya dace da kyau a cikin ramin dasa.

Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin bazara a gefen kudu na seedling na tsawon makonni 1-2, suna sanya tallafi tare da agronet mai shimfiɗa don kare su daga haskoki mai zafi na rana. Lokacin dasa shuki a ƙarshen kaka, ana shigar da tallafi nan da nan don shimfiɗa allon kariya a farkon hunturu. Dole ne a yi tsari daga kunar rana a cikin shekaru 3 zuwa 4 bayan dasa shuki.

Kanada spruce kula

Girman spruce na Kanada yana da sauƙi kuma mai sauƙi. Babban damuwa shine a cikin shekaru 3-4 na farko bayan dasa shuki: kuna buƙatar shirya shuke-shuke da kyau don hunturu don kare su daga kunar rana a jiki. Ana iya yin wannan ta amfani da katako na katako a gefen kudu na bishiyar, wanda aka shimfiɗa burlap, agro mesh ko kayan da ba a saka ba. Ko ƙulla shuka tare da rassan spruce. Mahimmin mahimmanci: kayan rufewa kada su shiga cikin hulɗa da allura. 

Kuma a cikin Oktoba yana da mahimmanci don yin cajin ruwa.

Ground

Kanada spruce ya fi son loamy, ƙasa mai wadatar humus tare da ɗan ƙaramin acidic. Ƙasa mara kyau da busassun ƙasa, da kuma jika mai nauyi, suna buƙatar haɓakawa. Ana shafa yumbu akan busasshiyar ƙasa, da kayan magudanar ruwa akan ƙasa mai jika. Ƙasar alkali tana buƙatar takin mai ƙima.

lighting

Halayen kayan ado na yawancin nau'ikan spruce na Kanada suna bayyana a cikin babban matakin haske, amma a cikin rana mai haske a cikin hunturu da bazara, tsire-tsire suna fama da konewa - suna buƙatar kariya don hunturu. 

Ruwa

Tsarin tushen sama yana buƙatar na yau da kullun, amma matsakaicin shayarwa da shayarwa mai inganci mai inganci a cikin fall. Kanada spruce yana amsawa da kyau don zubar da ruwa: a lokacin rani yana da kyau a yi haka sau ɗaya a mako. 

Da kyau yana kare ƙasa daga bushewa mulching tare da ɓawon burodi na 7 - 10 cm.

takin mai magani

Aikace-aikacen takin mai magani ya dogara da matakin da ƙasa ke da ƙasa. A kan ƙasa mai kyau da ƙasa mai arzikin humus, ba a buƙatar takin mai magani. A kan ƙasa mai laushi, lokacin dasa shuki, ya isa ya ƙara guga na takin balagagge. 

Ciyar

Spruces ba sa buƙatar kayan ado na sama. Koyaya, a cikin bazara, tsire-tsire masu ƙonewa suna buƙatar ciyar da taki na musamman don conifers. Don saurin dawo da kambin da abin ya shafa, ana yin feshi mai rikitarwa, a madadin Epin (2) da shirye-shiryen Ferrovit.

Haihuwar spruce na Kanada 

Ana girma iri-iri na spruce na Kanada daga yankan. Wannan sana'a ce mai sarƙaƙƙiya, mai ban sha'awa kuma mai tsayi.

Ana ɗaukar yankan daga ƙananan rassan bishiyar a ƙarshen Maris - farkon Afrilu a ranar girgije. Akwai kwarewa mai kyau na rooting cuttings da aka dauka daga bishiyoyin spruce a farkon rabin Yuni. Yanke ya kamata ya zama tsayin 7 - 10 cm da diddige (wani yanki na haushi).

Don kwana ɗaya, ana sanya yankan a cikin wani bayani na tushen stimulator (Heteroauxin). Yana da mahimmanci cewa kawai diddige da 1 cm na ƙananan ɓangaren yankan suna cikin bayani.

Ana dasa yankan da aka shirya a cikin akwatunan yankan ko tukwane ɗaya, zurfafa a kusurwar 30 ° ta 2-3 cm. Ƙasa ya kamata ya zama haske, mai laushi (ƙara yashi kogi). An rufe tukwane da gilashin gilashi, kuma an rufe yankan da filastik. 

Rooting na iya ɗaukar watanni 6 zuwa 12. A wannan lokacin, kuna buƙatar shayar da matsuguni sau ɗaya a rana, shayar da ƙasa a daidai lokacin don ƙasa ta kasance mai laushi koyaushe. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine shayarwa a cikin pallets. Sau biyu a wata, ƙara maganin Heteroauxin ko Kornevin a cikin ruwa don ban ruwa.

Don girma, ana shuka ciyayi a cikin makarantar da aka tsara a ƙarƙashin alfarwar bishiyoyi. Bayan shekaru 1-2, ana iya dasa tsire-tsire a wuri na dindindin.

Kanadiya spruce cututtuka

Tsatsa (spruce spinner). Maganin cutar da cutar shine naman gwari mai cutarwa, wanda za'a iya gano shi ta hanyar ƙananan kumburi na orange akan haushi. A cikin tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa, allurar suna juya rawaya kuma suna faɗuwa cikin lokaci. 

Don magance cutar, yana da mahimmanci a yanke rassan da aka shafa a cikin lokaci kuma a ƙone su tare da allurar da suka fadi. Dole ne a yi maganin tsire-tsire marasa lafiya da Hom (Copper oxychloride) (2) ko Rakurs.

Schütte (kasa ruwan dusar ƙanƙara mold). Cutar ta bayyana kanta a cikin bazara, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta narke kuma an fallasa rassan da allura masu launin fari. A causative wakili na cutar rayayye tasowa a cikin hunturu a kan rassan da aka rufe da dusar ƙanƙara. 

Don maganin cutar, ana ba da shawarar kwayoyi Hom ko Rakurs (2). 

Tracheomycosis (fusarium). Ya bayyana a kan spruces a cikin nau'i na ja a kan allura, wanda da sauri ya fara launin ruwan kasa da crumble. 

Cutar ba batun jiyya ba ne, tun da naman gwari mai cutarwa yana shafar tushen tsarin. Yana da mahimmanci don tono da ƙone shukar da ke da lafiya a cikin lokaci don kada cutar ta yada zuwa wasu conifers a gonar. An lalata ƙasa da Fundazol (2).

Kanadiya spruce kwari

Spruce gizo-gizo mite. Wannan kwaro yana barin ƙananan ɗigon rawaya akan allura, ya lulluɓe rassan da abin ya shafa tare da yanar gizo kuma yana haifar da zubar da allura.

Tun da kaska yana ba da har zuwa tsararraki 5 a kowace kakar, ya zama dole a fesa tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da cuta aƙalla sau 5, musamman a hankali a ƙarshen lokacin rani. Kuna iya amfani da kwayoyi Actellik, Antiklesch ko Fitoverm. 

Spruce garkuwar ƙarya. Bar wani m shafi a kan haushi da needles na matasa shuke-shuke, yana sa zubar da browned needles da curvature na harbe. 

Don kare tsire-tsire daga wannan kwaro, ana amfani da shirye-shirye na tsarin Aktara da Konfidor. Actara yana buƙatar yayyafa shi ba kawai a kan bishiyoyi ba, har ma a kan bishiyoyi.

Spruce sawfly. Kwarin yana cutar da spruce tare da tsutsa masu cin allura, yana haifar da launin ruwan kasa da zubar. 

Pinocid miyagun ƙwayoyi ya fi tasiri a kan sawfly - suna fesa kambi da shayar da bishiyoyin bishiyoyi.

Coniferous kwari. Ƙananan kwari tare da farin bristles a baya. A cikin busassun watanni masu zafi, suna haɓaka da sauri, suna sa harbe masu kamuwa da cuta kamar an rufe su da sanyi. A sakamakon haka, allura sun juya rawaya kuma suna murƙushewa.

Don magance tsutsa, ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi Pinocid.

Shahararrun tambayoyi da amsoshi

Mun yi tambaya game da spruce na Kanada Masanin aikin gona Oleg Ispolatov - ya amsa tambayoyin da suka fi dacewa na mazauna rani.

Tushen

1. Stupakova OM, Aksyanova T.Yu. Haɗaɗɗen tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin shimfidar wuri na birane // Coniferous boreal zone, 2013

   https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kompozitsii-iz-mnogoletnih-travyanistyh-drevesnyh-hvoynyh-i-listvennyh-rasteniy-v-ozelenenii-gorodov

2. Kasidar Jiha na magungunan kashe qwari da agrochemicals da aka ba da izini don amfani a yankin Tarayyar har zuwa Yuli 6, 2021 // Ma'aikatar Noma ta Tarayya

   https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/