Bream: bayanin, wurin zama, abinci da halaye na kifi

Bream, bisa ga rarrabuwa na flora da fauna halitta Carl Linnaeus, a 1758 a karon farko samu kwatanci da kimiyya kasa da kasa sunan Abramis brama. Bisa ga rabe-raben kimiyya, ana kuma kiran kifi da:

• Gabas bream;
• bream gama gari;
• Danube bream.

Abramis brama - a cikin rarrabuwar duniya ya zama kadaici, wakilin ruwa mai tsabta na jinsinsa, jinsin Abramis (Bream), wanda aka haɗa a cikin iyali Cyprinidae (Cyprinidae).

Abramis brama, a matsayin kawai wakili a cikin tsari Cypriniformes (cyprinids), yana da nau'ikan 16 kafin ƙirƙirar rarrabuwa na duniya, manyan wakilansu sune:

• Glazach (miya, dumpling);
• Guster;
• Suruki;
• Sarkar;
• Bream,

bayan halittar ƙarshe na mai rarrabawa, Abramis brama ya zama nau'in monotypic.

Bayanin bayyanar Abramis brama

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Babban mahimmancin fasalin bayyanar Abramis brama shine jiki mai tsayi da matsa lamba a bangarorin biyu. Tsayin jiki wani lokaci ya wuce 1/3 na tsawonsa, yana da karamin kai mai karamin baki, wanda aka sanye da wani ɓangaren telescopic na tsotsa a cikin nau'i na tube. Irin wannan na'urar na bakin yana ba da damar kifin ya ci abinci daga ƙasan ƙasa ba tare da canza matsayi na jiki ba. Ƙarfin kifi na kifi yana sanye da hakora na pharyngeal, wanda aka shirya a jere daya a cikin adadin 5 inji mai kwakwalwa. daga kowane bangare.

A nesa na 2/3 daga kai, a baya na kifin shine ƙwanƙwasa dorsal, yana farawa daga mafi girman ray daga kai kuma ya rasa tsayi, bayan 10 haskoki kusa da wutsiya na jiki. Ƙarfin tsuliya ya ƙunshi haskoki 33, yana ɗaukar 1/3 na tsawon jiki, uku daga cikinsu suna da wuya, sauran kuma masu laushi.

Baligi Abramis brama yana da launin toka mai launin toka a bayansa, wani lokacin kuma launin ruwan kasa, a gefen babban kifin da ke da shegen zinare, wanda ke juyawa zuwa launin rawaya mai haske kusa da ciki. Matashi wanda bai balaga ba na jima'i yana da launin toka mai haske, launin jiki na azurfa.

Idan muka gano tambayar - menene Abramis brama yayi kama, to, mutane da yawa sun riga sun sha'awar tambayar, amma menene mafi tsawo na Abramis brama (bream na kowa) yayi kama, nawa ne nauyi da tsawon lokacin da yake rayuwa. ? Mafi girma da kuma bisa hukuma rikodin samfurin bream auna 6 kg, da tsawon shi ne 82 cm, kuma domin ya kai ga irin wannan size, kifin ya rayu shekaru 23.

Menene bambanci tsakanin bream da bream

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Yawancin masu kumbura suna amfani da sunan bream da bream, amma ba za su iya amsa tambayar da suka yi ba yayin zance, menene bambanci. A gaskiya ma, duk abin da yake mai sauqi qwarai ne, mai zazzagewa shine bream iri ɗaya, amma bai balaga ba.

Halin jima'i na Abramis brama a cikin ruwan dumi na mazauninsa yana faruwa a cikin shekaru 3-4 shekaru, kuma a cikin ruwan sanyi bayan ya kai shekaru 6-9. Kafin kai ga ƙayyadadden shekarun da balaga, mutane suna da nauyin jiki a cikin kewayon 0,5-1 kg, kuma tsawon jikin bai wuce 35 cm ba, tare da irin waɗannan halayen ana kiran kifin mai lalata.

Babban bambance-bambancen fasali na scavenger daga bream:

• Launin jiki;
• Girma da nauyin mutum;
• Hali da salon rayuwa.

Inuwar kalar bream balagaggu ko da yaushe duhu ne, na bream kuwa azurfa ne. Girman bream bai wuce 35 cm ba kuma yana auna 1 kg, jiki yana da tsawo kuma ba kamar zagaye ba kamar na bream. Mai ɓarna, ba kamar ɗan dangi balagagge ba, yana manne da wuraren da ba su da zurfi na tafki tare da ruwan zafi mai kyau. Ƙarƙashin yana haifar da salon tururuwa, kuma bream ya fi son ya ɓace cikin ƙungiyoyi masu haɗin gwiwa, wanda mazauninsa shine sassan zurfi na kogi ko tafkin.

Abramis brama mazaunin, rarraba

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A waɗancan wuraren da ake samun bream, kusan koyaushe akwai ƙasa mai yashi ko laka, waɗannan su ne tafkuna, koguna da tafkunan tafkunan Arewa da Tsakiyar Turai. Ana samunsa a cikin hanyar sadarwa na tafkunan ruwa da kwalayen tekuna masu zuwa:

• Baltic;
• Azov;
• Baƙi;
• Kasifiyan;
• Arewa;
• Aral.

A cikin 30s na karni na karshe, ichthyologists na kasarmu sun sami damar haɓaka bream a cikin kogin Siberiya, tafkunan Ural da tafkin Balkhash. Godiya ga tashoshi tsakanin Arewacin Dvina da tsarin Volga, bream ya sami yawan jama'a a yankin Turai na Rasha. Yankin Transcaucasia shima ya zama mazaunin Abramis brama, amma a cikin wannan yanki yana da ƙaramin yawan jama'a kuma yana cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan halitta, ana iya samun su a cikin tafkunan masu zuwa:

• Tafkin Paleostoma;
• Lenkorans;
• Mingachevir tafki.

Abincin bream

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Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, bream yana da tsarin baki na musamman, godiya ga kifi yana iya ciyarwa daga ƙasan tafki, ko da an rufe shi da sitaci ko ciyayi mai yawa. Garkuna da yawa na Abramis brama a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci suna iya "shehu" manyan sassan ƙasan tafki don neman abinci. Kamar yadda ƙwararrun masunta suka yi nuni da cewa, domin a sami ɗumbin ɗumbin ɗumbin ɓangarorin ciyarwa a wani tafkin, ya zama dole a sami kumfa mai kumfa da ke tserewa sama, suna tashi daga ƙasa, ana fitar da su daga ramin ta hanyar ciyar da kifi.

Tsarin musamman na haƙoran pharyngeal ya yi gyare-gyare ga abincin Abramis brama, ya dogara ne akan:

• ruwan teku;
• katantanwa da ƙananan benthic invertebrates;
• tsutsar jini;
• mai yin bututu;
• bakin teku.

A lokacin ciyarwa, bream, kamar "mai tsaftacewa", yana tsotse cakuda ruwa da silt a cikin rami na baki, kuma ci gaban pharyngeal yana taimakawa wajen riƙe benthos, wanda yake ƙauna sosai. Kifin ya raba shi da ruwa kafin ya fitar da shi ta cikin gills. Irin wannan ikon ilimin halittar jiki na Abramis brama ya ba shi damar zama jagora dangane da yawan adadin kifin da ke zaune kusa da shi.

A cikin rabi na biyu na hunturu, a cikin ruwa tare da mafi ƙasƙanci mai yuwuwar zafin jiki da kuma wadatar da iskar gas da aka narkar da shi, kifin ba zai iya yin bincike da ciyarwa ba, yana jagorantar salon rayuwa. An lura cewa mafi girma da samar da abinci, matsakaicin yawan zafin jiki na ruwa na shekara-shekara, yawancin kifin yana ciyarwa, tuni bayan ya kai shekaru 10-15, kifin yana iya samun nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 9 da tsayin jiki. 0,8m ku.

Sake bugun

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Farawar balagaggen jima'i na mutum yana nunawa ta bayyanar takamaiman tsiro a kan kifin, kuma launi na jiki daga launin azurfa ya juya zuwa sautin duhu. Rarraba garke kafin haifuwa yana faruwa a rukuni, ma'auni na samuwar wanda shine farkon shekarun da aka samu. Lokacin haɓakawa da haɓakawa a cikin Abramis brama bai wuce wata ɗaya ba, a matsakaita ana ciyar da kwanaki 4 akan spawning na rukuni ɗaya, tsawon lokacin spawning yana shafar yanayin yanayi. An zaɓi wuri marar zurfi tare da ciyayi mai yawa a matsayin wurin gudanar da irin wannan gagarumin taron a rayuwar kifaye.

bream yana da girma, ga wanda ke haifuwa mace ta kwanta aƙalla ƙwai dubu 140, amma ba kowa ba ne zai iya rayuwa saboda yawan canjin yanayi a lokacin sanyi na dawowa. Matsakaicin zafin jiki mafi ƙanƙanta wanda zai iya jure caviar shine aƙalla 11⁰ Da, t⁰ a ƙarƙashin wannan bakin kofa, qwai sun mutu. Tuni mako guda bayan haifuwa, tsutsa kifaye suna fitowa daga ƙwai, kuma bayan wasu makonni 3 an sake haifuwa a cikin soya.

A cikin duk lokacin dumi har zuwa farkon sanyi, soya Abramis brama yana ci gaba da girma tare da samari na wani nau'in kifin a cikin nau'in garken tumaki da yawa waɗanda ke motsawa a cikin tafki don neman abinci. Dabbobin matasa kafin farkon hunturu a wuraren da ke da wadataccen abinci suna sarrafa samun nauyi da tsayin jiki na akalla 12 cm.

Mutane masu girma suna manne da wuraren haifuwa har zuwa farkon lokacin bazara kuma su bar shi kawai bayan zuwan zafi. Manya-manyan mutane, akasin haka, bayan kammala aikinsu mai kyau, suna mirgine cikin ramuka, kuma bayan sun dawo cikin yanayinsu na yau da kullun, sun fara ciyarwa sosai.

Saboda girman girma na Abramis brama, damar da za a iya rayuwa a matakin farko a cikin fry mai girma ya fi girma fiye da sauran nau'in. Makiya mafi mahimmanci a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa a cikin bream sune pike, pike perch da manyan perch. bream wanda ya girma har zuwa shekaru 3 ana iya cutar da shi ta hanyar pike da catfish iri ɗaya.

baki bream

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Amur black bream (Megalobrama terminalis) ya sami wurin zama a Rasha, musamman a cikin kwarin Amur. A karkashin yanayi masu kyau, yana iya rayuwa har tsawon shekaru 10 kuma ya sami nauyin kilogiram 3,1 tare da tsawon jiki fiye da 0,5 m. Musamman kyawawan yanayi don haɓaka yawan jama'a na tashar tashar Megalobrama sun bunƙasa a cikin ɓangaren Sinanci na Amur. Yawan jama'a yana da yawa wanda ya ba wa ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi damar gudanar da kamawar masana'antu.

A kan ƙasar Rasha, an rarraba wannan nau'in a matsayin mai haɗari; fiye da shekaru 40, ba a aiwatar da kamawar Amur bream na kasuwanci ba. Domin ƙara yawan jama'a, ichthyologists suna gudanar da haifuwa ta wucin gadi da sake cika ta.