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Spruce blue, shi ma karce (Picea pungens) is a native of North America. But when she got to Europe, she immediately gained popularity there and quickly mastered the expanses. She is loved for the spectacular color of the needles, symmetrical dense crown, unpretentiousness, wind and drought resistance, and the ability to survive in severe frosts. This spruce is a real long-liver, its age can reach 500 years, however, in the climate, after 40 years, the spruce begins to lose its decorative qualities.
Blue spruce iri
Yanayin ya ba spruce shuɗi tare da kyan gani mai ban sha'awa, amma masu shayarwa sun yi nasara mai ban mamaki ta hanyar nazarin maye gurbi na halitta da ƙirƙirar nau'in nau'i mai ban mamaki. Kuma a yau, spruces tare da kambi mai siffar pyramidal da mazugi, dwarfs tare da kambi mai siffar zobe da kambi suna kan kasuwa. Kuma launin allura ya bambanta daga azurfa zuwa shuɗi mai zurfi (1).
Glouca glauca (Glauca Globosa). Perhaps the most popular variety among gardeners. It was obtained in 1937 from seedlings, and already in 1955 it entered the markets. A dwarf Christmas tree with a beautiful compact dense crown will grow no higher than 2 m, but up to 3 m in diameter. In the first years of life, the crown looks sparse and flattened, but then it acquires a beautiful slightly elongated oval and density. The needles are long, slightly curved, white-blue. Cones are large, light brown. This variety is especially good, grafted onto a tall trunk.
Glauka globoza yana jure sanyi (yana jurewa har zuwa -40 ° C), mai ɗaukar hoto, amma kuma yana iya girma a cikin inuwa mai ban sha'awa. Ƙasa tana son loamy, m, ɗan acidic ko tsaka tsaki.
A cikin lambuna, wannan nau'in yana da kyau a yankin gaba, a cikin rockeries da a bangon riko.
Hoopsie (Hoopsii). Ana la'akari da mafi shuɗi na duk shuɗi fir. Wannan nau'in shine sakamakon aikin shekaru da yawa da masu shayarwa na Jamus suka yi daga gandun daji na Hoops. Koyaya, tarihin bayyanar da haɓaka wannan nau'in yana da bambance-bambance a bayyane. Mafi mahimmanci shi ne gaskiyar cewa a tsakiyar karni na karshe, wani m blue spruce ya bayyana a kasuwa, yana girma a matsakaici kuma bayan shekaru da yawa, shekaru masu yawa sun kai tsayin 8 m, samfurori na kowane mutum na iya girma har zuwa 12 m tare da kambi. diamita har zuwa 3-5 m. Wannan siriri kyakkyawa da farko alama dan kadan lopsided, amma a cikin shekaru da gangar jikin matakan kashe, m fadi da kambi ya zama m, conical, da arziki blue launi na allura fara azurfa a cikin haske rana. Ƙarfi da ƙarfi na wannan spruce yana ba da rassan da aka ɗaga dan kadan (2).
Iri-iri yana jure sanyi (yana jurewa har zuwa -40 ° C), mai ɗaukar hoto, amma cikin sauƙi yana ɗaukar ɗan ƙaramin inuwa. Ƙasa ta fi son loamy, tsaka-tsakin ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano, da ruwa mai kyau.
A cikin lambuna, wannan nau'in spruce ya sami nasarar cika aikin bishiyar Kirsimeti. Saboda haka, wurinsa yana cikin ɓangaren gaba na lambun ko kuma a cikin wani yanki mai zaman kansa wanda ke fuskantar bangon lawn. Hupsi na iya zama wuri mai ban sha'awa ga dwarf da ciyayi masu jujjuyawa.
Majestic blue (Majestic Blue). Wannan cultivar itace bishiyar jihar Amurka ta jihohin Colorado da Utah. Ba daidaituwa ba ne cewa sunansa "majestic". Daidai kamar haka: siririyar itace mai tsayi har zuwa 45 m tsayi kuma har zuwa mita 6, tare da haushi mai launin toka mai daraja da shuɗi-launin toka mai launin shuɗi. Kuma alluran ba ƙananan ba ne, tsayin 3 cm, mai wuya, tetrahedral. Launinsu yana canzawa a cikin shekara: daga fari zuwa bluish-blue ta kaka. Manyan cones suna bayyana akan wannan spruce kawai akan bishiyoyi sama da shekaru 30.
Iri-iri yana jure sanyi, yana jurewa har zuwa -40 ° C, duk da haka, a cikin irin wannan yanayi mai tsauri, ta hanyar shekaru 40-50, spruce ya rasa manyan halayen adonsa. Ƙaunar haske, amma sauƙi yana ɗauka tare da shading, duk da haka, don lalata kayan ado. Ƙasa ta fi son yashi da ƙasa mai laushi, bushewa a tsaka-tsaki kuma mai laushi, mai kyau, tare da amsa daga acidic zuwa dan kadan alkaline.
Wannan nau'in yana da girman gaske wanda yana buƙatar sarari mai yawa. A cikin manyan lambuna, yana iya zama bishiyar Kirsimeti, ko kuma ya zama bango ga bishiyoyin ado da ƙananan kayan amfanin gona.
Waɗannan nau'ikan guda uku sun fi shahara tsakanin masu lambu, amma akwai wasu waɗanda ba su da ban sha'awa sosai:
- Glauca pendula (Glauca pendula) - 8 - 10 m tsayi, tare da madaidaiciya ko siffar kambi mai lankwasa, rassan rataye da allura mai launin toka na azurfa;
- Glauca procumbens (Glauca procumbens) - dwarf nau'i mai tsayi 20 cm mai tsayi tare da kambi mai yaduwa har zuwa 1,2 m a diamita da allura mai shuɗi na azurfa;
- Glauca prostrata (Glauca prostrata) - nau'in dwarf bai wuce 40 cm tsayi ba tare da kambi mai lebur da ke kwance a ƙasa, har zuwa 2 m a diamita;
- Wuta (Koster) - 10 - 15 m tsayi, tare da kambi na yau da kullum da kuma allura masu launin shuɗi-kore;
- Tsawon Blue - 5 - 7 m tsayi tare da kambi na conical da allura masu launin shuɗi-kore.
Shuka shuɗi spruce
Don tsire-tsire tare da tsarin tushen rufaffiyar (ZKS), mafi kyawun lokacin dasa shuki shine daga tsakiyar Afrilu zuwa Oktoba, don seedlings tare da tsarin tushen budewa - har zuwa tsakiyar Afrilu da rabi na biyu na Satumba - farkon Nuwamba.
Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine seedlings a cikin akwati ko tare da cushewar ƙasa. Dole ne a shirya rami mai saukarwa a gaba. Taki na musamman ne, zai fi dacewa tare da dogon lokaci. Babu taki ko sabon takin, duk da haka, da kowane takin nitrogen, da ash. Yana da amfani a ƙara humus ganye, yashi kogi da tsattsauran sawdust ko busassun allura zuwa ƙasan lambu.
Lokacin dasa shuki, yana da mahimmanci kada a binne tushen abin wuya, don haka shuka a daidai matakin da seedling ya girma a cikin akwati. Bayan dasa shuki, yana da mahimmanci a shayar da bishiyar sosai tare da tabbatar da shayarwa da shawa akai-akai a lokacin girma a lokacin zafi.
Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin bazara, ya zama dole don inuwa da seedling daga rana mai haske.
Yana da mahimmanci don shirya matasa seedlings don hunturu na farko ta hanyar ɗaure su da rassan spruce ko burlap.
blue spruce kula
Iri da nau'i na spruce blue suna da bambanci, hunturu-hardy, suna iya girma har ma a cikin yankuna masu tsanani na kasarmu. Gabaɗaya, ba su da fa'ida, amma har yanzu suna da nasu nuances na kulawa.
Ground
Ƙasar don dasa spruce ya kamata ya zama yashi ko loamy, sako-sako, da ruwa mai kyau. Ya kamata a sanya magudanar ruwa a cikin rami na shuka, saboda waɗannan tsire-tsire ba sa jure wa ruwa mara kyau. Idan amsawar maganin ƙasa shine alkaline, ammonium sulfate ko ƙasa tare da zuriyar gandun daji na coniferous an ƙara zuwa ƙasa.
lighting
Kyawawan kambi mai jituwa na spruce shuɗi zai kasance kawai a wuri mai haske. Koyaya, ƙaramin shuka lokacin da aka dasa shi a cikin bazara yana buƙatar shading a cikin makonni biyu na farko, da kuma kariya daga kunar rana a cikin hunturu na farko.
Ruwa
A cikin yanayi, spruce shuɗi yana tsiro akan ƙasa mai ɗanɗano kaɗan kuma nau'in nau'in juriya ne na fari. Koyaya, lokacin dasa shuki, duk nau'ikan suna buƙatar ingantaccen ruwa a cikin shekaru biyu na farko bayan dasa shuki. A cikin shekara ta dasa shuki, ana buƙatar shayarwa sau ɗaya a mako a cikin adadin 10 - 12 lita na ruwa a kowace seedling tare da tsayin da ba zai wuce 0,5 m ba. A cikin yanayin zafi, da maraice ko safiya, shawa - wankewa yana da tasiri mai amfani. Don adana danshi, ana iya yayyafa da'irar gangar jikin tare da kauri mai kauri na haushi ko sawdust na conifers.
Mafi mahimmancin yanayin yanayin hunturu mai kyau na tsire-tsire matasa shine shayar da ruwa. Ko ta yaya rigar kaka ne, a watan Oktoba, a ƙarƙashin kowane bishiyar coniferous, yana da muhimmanci a zuba aƙalla lita 20-30 na ruwa a kan ƙananan tsire-tsire da lita 50 a kowace mita na tsayin kambi.
takin mai magani
Lokacin dasa shuki, ana amfani da takin mai magani na phosphorus-potassium kuma ana amfani da tsummoki na nau'in coniferous azaman kwandishan.
Ciyar
A kan ƙasa mai albarka a cikin shekaru 2-3 na farko bayan dasa shuki, spruce baya buƙatar suturar saman. A nan gaba, idan an kafa itacen ta hanyar pruning, ana amfani da takin mai magani na musamman don conifers a cikin kututturen bishiyar a cikin bazara. Ana ciyar da spruces masu girma kyauta ne kawai idan ba su da kyau.
Lokacin da allurar suka juya rawaya kuma suka faɗi, da kuma a farkon shekarar dasa shuki, suna yin feshin kambi tare da mafita na Epin da Ferrovit.
blue spruce kiwo
Blue spruce ana yaduwa ta tsaba, yankan hunturu da grafting. Yana da wannan nau'in wanda ya fi sauƙi don yaduwa ta tsaba fiye da yankan.
Tsaba. Tare da hanyar iri na noma, ba a kiyaye halaye iri-iri. Duk da haka, tare da wannan hanya, akwai damar samun tsire-tsire tare da launi mai zurfi mai zurfi, kamar yadda, alal misali, ya faru tare da haihuwar nau'in Hupsi.
Tare da wannan hanyar girma, yana da mahimmanci cewa tsaba suna sabo ne kuma su bi ta hanyar stratification. Kwanaki 2-3 kafin shuka, ana tura tsaba zuwa wuri mai dumi kuma an bushe. Ana aiwatar da shuka zuwa zurfin 1 - 2 cm a cikin kwalaye ko a cikin greenhouse, ƙara fungicides da takin mai magani don conifers zuwa ƙaramin haske. Ana shayar da amfanin gona akai-akai kuma ana samun iska, bayan shekaru 2-3 ana dasa su zuwa gadon kiwo don girma, kuma kawai a cikin shekaru 6-7 ana shuka su a wuri na dindindin.
Yankan. Ana ɗaukar yankan tushen daga manyan rassan tsirrai na uwa aƙalla shekaru 6-8. Suna yin haka a rana mai gajimare a watan Afrilu, Yuni, Agusta ko Oktoba, suna yayyage reshe tare da diddige - wani yanki na haushi. Kyakkyawan yanke ya kamata ya zama tsayin 7-10 cm.
Nan da nan bayan girbi, an cire ƙananan allura daga yankan kuma an zubar da sassan tare da foda na tushen haɓakawa (misali, Heteroauxin). Sa'an nan kuma an dasa yankan a cikin tukwane tare da ƙasa mai haske a kusurwar 30 °, zurfafa ta 2-3 cm. Ana sanya tukwane a cikin greenhouse ko an rufe su da jakar filastik. Sau ɗaya a rana na saukowa wajibi ne don samun iska.
Yi haƙuri - tsarin rooting na iya ɗaukar har zuwa shekara guda. Kuma a wannan lokacin, yana da mahimmanci don shayar da ruwa akai-akai da kuma shayar da tsire-tsire. Sau ɗaya kowane mako 2, zaku iya ƙara ƙaramin bayani na Heteroauxin zuwa ruwa.
A cikin bazara, ana shuka tsire-tsire masu tushe a cikin makaranta, wanda aka shirya a ƙarƙashin alfarwar bishiyoyi. Sai bayan shekaru uku ko hudu, ana iya dasa tsire-tsire masu girma a wuri na dindindin.
Blue spruce cututtuka
Tsatsa (spruce spinner). Cutar fungal da ta fara bayyana a kan haushi a cikin nau'i na ƙarami, kumburi na orange tare da diamita na 0,5 cm. Sannan alluran sun fara juyawa rawaya kuma su fadi. Tsatsa kuma na iya shafar Cones.
A cikin mataki na farko, wajibi ne a kai a kai a tattara allurai marasa lafiya da mazugi, yanke da ƙone rassan da naman gwari ya shafa. Ya kamata a fesa tsire-tsire marasa lafiya da Hom (Copper oxychloride) (3) ko Rakurs. Don hana cutar a cikin bazara, ana fesa ruwa tare da ruwan Bordeaux.
Shutte. Mai laifin cutar shine naman gwari mai cutarwa. Yana rinjayar spruce a cikin kaka, yana tasowa a ƙarƙashin murfin dusar ƙanƙara. A sakamakon haka, allurar launin ruwan kasa tare da fararen fata suna bayyana a kan tsire-tsire marasa lafiya a cikin bazara. Abubuwan da aka shafa na iya zama a kan spruce har tsawon shekara guda, yada cutar. Schutte yana rinjayar ci gaban shuka, tare da mummunar lalacewa zai iya haifar da mutuwar spruce.
Don hana cutar, ana amfani da fesa bazara tare da ruwa na Bordeaux ko maganin colloidal sulfur. A cikin tsire-tsire marasa lafiya, an cire rassan da aka shafa kuma ana fesa spruce sau uku tare da bayani na Hom ko Angle (3).
Blue spruce kwari
Spruce gizo-gizo mite. Hare-hare kan bishiyar spruce a cikin busassun watanni masu zafi na shekara. Mite yana lalata allura kuma yana sa su zama masu rauni ga cututtukan fungal. Tare da kamuwa da cuta mai ƙarfi, allura sun juya launin ruwan kasa kuma suna crumble, cobwebs suna bayyana akan shuke-shuke.
Don rigakafin, ana aiwatar da dousing na yau da kullun na rawanin itace tare da ruwa. Yana yiwuwa a lalata kaska kawai ta hanyar tsarin kula da kambi tare da Actellik, Antiklesh, Fitoverm (3). Yana da mahimmanci don aiwatar da aƙalla jiyya 3 daga Yuni zuwa Satumba.
Spruce sawfly. Ƙananan sawfly larvae suna cin allura na rayayye. Amma muna lura da waɗannan lalacewa ne kawai lokacin da allurar matasa suka zama ja-launin ruwan kasa.
A matakin farko na kamuwa da cuta, fesa Actellik ko Fury yana da tasiri. Mafi kyawun magani daga sawfly shine Pinocid. Ana fesa maganin a kan bishiyar sau 2-3. A lokaci guda kuma, suna shayar da ƙasan kututturen bishiya.
Spruce-fir hamisu. Ƙaramin aphid yana cutar da shuka, yana barin saman harbe-harbe masu launin shuɗi. Kwari suna yin hibernate a cikin folds na haushi.
Hamisu ba za a iya shawo kan su ba sai da tsari na tsari. A cikin bazara, ana fesa su da jan karfe sulfate, a farkon Mayu da a cikin shekaru goma na uku na Yuni - Aktellik, Komandor, Fufanon tare da shayar da bishiyar bishiyar tare da maganin Aktara. A cikin rabi na biyu na Agusta - jiyya tare da maganin jan karfe sulfate.
Shahararrun tambayoyi da amsoshi
Mun tambaya game da blue spruce Masanin aikin gona Oleg Ispolatov - ya amsa tambayoyin da suka fi dacewa na mazauna rani.
Tushen
- Stupakova OM, Aksyanova T.Yu. Abubuwan da aka tsara na herbaceous na perennial, itace coniferous da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin shimfidar wuri na birane // Conifers na yankin boreal, 2013 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kompozitsii-iz-mnogoletnih-travyanistyh-drevesnyh-hvoynyh-i-listvennyh- rasteniy- v-ozelenenii-gorodov
- Gerd Krussman. Coniferous breeds. // M., Masana'antar katako, 1986, 257 p.
- Kasidar Jiha na magungunan kashe qwari da agrochemicals da aka amince don amfani a cikin ƙasa na Tarayyar har zuwa Yuli 6, 2021 // Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Tarayya https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/bayanan-masana'antu/bayanai-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/