An fi yin giya daga malt (ma'ana, hatsi da suka tsiro - yana cikin yanayin tsiron ne suka sami isasshen sugars na kumburi). An bushe ko soyayye, an nika shi, an haɗa shi da ruwa, an tafasa shi, an sanyaya, bayan haka ana ƙara yis na giya. A karkashin tasirinsu ya fara fermentation, wato canza sukari zuwa barasa.
wasu yisti fi son sanyin 5-14 ° С kuma sannu a hankali ya nitse zuwa ƙasan bututun ƙarfe yayin dawarwar. Ana kiran wannan nau'in ferment din ciyawar daji, da giya da aka kirkira ta amfani da wannan fasaha - sansanin Ast Yisti na wani nau'in "yana son shi mai zafi" kuma yana tarawa akan saman a zafin jiki na 15-20 ° C. Suna da alhakin hawa ferment. Sakamakon shine giya mafi ƙarfi kuma mai daɗi - ale .
A cikin Brabant na Belgium suna yi lamba - giya na musamman ferment na bazata… An shirya shi ba tare da yisti ba kwata -kwata: an sanya wort giya a cikin ganga na katako daga giya - Burgundy, tashar jiragen ruwa ko sherry - kuma yana yin ɗumi a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da suka rage akan bango kuma suna fitowa daga iska.
style Giya yafi dogara da hatsi, wanda ake amfani da shi don malting (germination). Ainihin, wannan ba shakka, sha'ir ne, amma kuma ana yin giya daga wasu hatsi - hatsi, masara, hatsin rai, shinkafa, alkama, rubutattun. Misali, ana amfani da alkama don shirya Jamusanci da Belgium giyar alkama saman-fermented (ko kuma) - kuma a cikin abubuwan da aka ambata na tumaki wort shine cakulan sha'ir na sha'ir (60-70%) da alkama mara tsiro (30-40%). Af, ta amfani da hatsin da ba a ba shi ba - ba sabon abu ba ne a cikin shayarwa: misali, baƙin duhun Ingila mai ƙarfi sanya daga gasashen sha'ir ba tare da pre-malting ba.
Launin giya mafi sau da yawa ya dogara da yawan zafin jiki bushewa or gasa malt (malt na iya fitar da haske, amber, ruwan hoda-cakulan har ma da baƙar fata, kusan ana cin wuta). Misali, Czech lager pilsner kuma british ale m sanya daga kodadde sha'ir malt, da kuma Birtaniya ale kayan aiki - daga launin ruwan kasa
Flavorarancin takamaiman nau'in giya ya rinjayi iri-iri hops: ana amfani dashi azaman tsoffin iri - Zhatetsky, Gallertausky, Tetnangsky, Byuvransky - da zaɓi. Hanyoyin sarrafa hop cones suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. Misali, domin shiri na lambic, hops yana da shekaru aƙalla shekaru uku, wanda hakan yana ɗan rage ƙamshi da ɗacin sa.
Wasu nau'ikan giya suna kara daban-daban ƙarin sinadarai (daga ginger zuwa ruwan apple). Musamman mashahuri sune nau'ikan 'ya'yan itacen na lambics na Belgium: kira samu sakamakon haɗin gwiwa na malt da duhu cherries, rasberi/rasberi - malt da raspberries.
Baya ga nau'ikan giya na "yau da kullun", waɗanda za a iya ajiye su tsawon watanni 3-6, kuma ya fi kyau a yi amfani da shi da wuri-wuri, akwai waɗanda za a tattara - tabbas suna buƙatar lokacin balaga da adanawa daidai. A lokacin lokacin tsufa, giya "ta haɓaka", ta cika da nuances da yawa masu dandano. Fewan kaɗan sun dace da fallasawa salon giyasuna da ƙarfi ƙwarai da ƙarfi a cikin hops. Irin waɗannan salon sun haɗa da Ingilishi ale “ruwan inabi sha'ir" mulkin mallaka , Belji mai ƙarfi ale , lambic, hausa tsohuwar ale da wasunsu. Ya kamata a sanya giya a cikin kwalabe masu ruwan kasa mai duhu, a rufe tare da katako na katako ko kuma abin toshe kwalliyar ƙarfe. Yawanci ana lakafta waɗannan nau'ikan tare da jumlar “shararar kwalba”.
A ƙarshe, akwai salon giya tare da "Kariyar Tsari na Asali". Haske mai launi cologne ba za a iya dafa shi a cikin Cologne, kuma dan daba alewa - musamman a wuraren shaye-shaye guda bakwai: shida na Beljam da ɗaya Dutch.
A hoto:
1. Mai daci - Turanci ale. Ana samun ɗacin sa mai dadi saboda rashin cikakken sukari.
2. Sanya Shine babban giyar baƙin giya ta Biritaniya tare da ƙanshin ƙanshin malt.
3. Weissbir / Weicen - Giya na alkama ta Jamus. Ale, ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano mai sauƙi yana da sauƙin sha kuma an tsara shi da farko don shayar da ƙishin ruwan bazara.
4. Berry Wayne - "ruwan inabi sha'ir". Wannan shine abin da Bature yake kira da giya mai ƙarfi kuma mai zaƙi tare da babban abun ciki. Ana iya adana shi tsawon shekaru.
5. Kururuwa - Lambic ceri na Belgium, wanda aka samu sakamakon haɗin gwiwa na malt da busasshen cherries.
6. Pilsner - lager mai haske, asalinsa daga Jamhuriyar Czech, bashi da ƙamshin ƙanshi na hop da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci girbi hops.
7. Haya - amber lager, babban halayen hutun Munich “Oktoberfest".