Kalmar audiometer, wanda aka samo daga sautin Latin (don ji) da kuma metron na Girka (aunawa), yana wakiltar kayan aikin likita da ake amfani da su a cikin sauti don auna ƙarfin jin mutane. Ana kuma kiransa acoumeter.

Na'urar mai jiwuwa tana ba da damar gwaje-gwajen ji ta hanyar ƙayyadaddun iyakar sautunan da za a iya gane su ta wurin ji na ɗan adam a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwajin. Ayyukansa shine ganowa da siffanta rashin jin daɗi a cikin marasa lafiya.

Me yasa ake gwajin ji

Ji yana ɗaya daga cikin gabobin mu da muhalli ya fi “kai hari”. Yawancin mu a yau muna rayuwa ne a cikin yanayi mai ƙara hayaniya, ko a kan tituna, a wurin aiki, a wurin wasa, har ma a gida. Don haka ana ba da shawarar yin kimar ji na yau da kullun, musamman a jarirai, yara ƙanana, ko samari waɗanda yawan amfani da lasifikan kai zai iya haifar da mugun sakamako. Dubawa yana ba da damar gano matsalolin ji da wuri kuma a gyara su da sauri. A cikin manya da ke nuna alamun rashin ji, dubawa yana taimakawa wajen sanin yanayin kurma da yankin da abin ya shafa.

Abun da ke ciki

Audiometers an yi su ne da abubuwa daban-daban:

• naúrar tsakiya da ke sarrafa manipulator, wanda ake amfani da shi don aika sautuka daban-daban zuwa ga majiyyaci kuma don yin rikodin martaninsa a mayar;
• na'urar kai da za a sanya a kunnen majiyyaci, kowane abin kunne yana aiki da kansa;
• na'urar nesa da aka ba wa majiyyaci don aika martanin;
• igiyoyi don haɗa abubuwa daban-daban tare.

Ana iya gyara na'urorin sauti ko šaukuwa, na hannu ko na atomatik sarrafa ta kwamfuta sanye take da software mai dacewa.

Gwajin ji shine gwaji mai sauri, mara zafi kuma mara cutarwa. An yi nufin manya da tsofaffi ko yara. Ana iya yin shi ta hanyar ƙwararren ENT, likitan sana'a, likitan makaranta ko likitan yara.

Ana yin nau'ikan ma'auni guda biyu: tonal audiometry da audiometry.

Tonal audiometry: ji

Kwararren yana sa majiyyaci ya ji sautuna masu tsafta da yawa. Kowace sauti tana da sigogi biyu:

• Mitar: shine yanayin sautin. Ƙarƙashin mitar yana daidai da ƙaramar sauti, sannan da ƙara yawan mitar, ƙarar sautin zai zama;
• Ƙarfi: wannan shine ƙarar sauti. Mafi girman ƙarfin, ƙarar sauti.

Ga kowane sauti da aka gwada, da bakin kofa An ƙaddara: shine ƙaramar ƙarfin da ake tsinkayar sauti don mitar da aka bayar. Ana samun jerin ma'auni waɗanda ke ba da damar zana lanƙwan odiyo.

Audiometry na magana: fahimta

Bayan sautin sautin sauti, ƙwararren yana yin audiometry na magana don tantance ko menene asarar ji ke shafar fahimtar magana. Don haka ba fahimtar sautuka ake tantancewa a wannan karon ba, amma fahimtar kalmomin 1 zuwa 2 waɗanda aka bazu ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Ana amfani da wannan gwajin don tantancewa bakin kofa kalmomi kuma zana daidai audiogram.

Karatun tonal audiogram

An kafa audiogram ga kowane kunne. Jerin ma'auni masu dacewa da saitin wuraren ji da aka ƙaddara don kowane sauti yana ba da damar zana lanƙwasa. Ana nuna wannan a kan jadawali, axis a kwance wanda ya dace da mitoci da kuma axis na tsaye zuwa intensities.

Ma'aunin mitoci da aka gwada ya ƙaru daga 20 Hz (Hertz) zuwa 20 Hz, da ma'aunin intensities daga 000 dB (decibel) zuwa 0 dB. Don wakiltar ƙimar ƙarfin sauti, zamu iya ba da wasu misalai:

• 30 dB: chuchotement;
• 60 dB: tattaunawa da ƙarfi;
• 90 dB: zirga-zirgar birane;
• 110 dB: tsawa;
• 120 dB: kiɗan kiɗan rock;
• 140 dB: tashin jirgi.

Tafsirin audiograms

Kowane lankwasa da aka samu ana kwatanta shi da na yau da kullun na ji. Duk wani bambanci tsakanin labulen biyu yana tabbatar da asarar ji a cikin majiyyaci kuma yana ba da damar sanin matakin:

• daga 20 zuwa 40 dB: ƙananan kurma;
• daga 40 zuwa 70 dB: matsakaicin kurma;
• 70 zuwa 90 dB: kurma mai tsanani;
• fiye da 90 dB: kurma mai zurfi;
• ba a aunawa: jimillar kurma.

Dangane da yankin kunnen da abin ya shafa, zamu iya ayyana nau'in kurma:

• Rashin ji da kai yana shafar kunnen tsakiya da na waje. Yana da wucin gadi kuma yana haifar da kumburi, kasancewar wani toshe kunne, da dai sauransu;
• Rashin ji na ji na jiki yana rinjayar zurfin kunne kuma ba zai iya jurewa ba;
• gauraye kurame.

Matakan aiki

Duk da sauƙaƙan fahimtarsu, gwajin ji yana da na musamman na zama na zahiri.

Don haka dole ne su kasance cikin shiri a hankali don zama masu haɓakawa kuma sama da duka, suna buƙatar cikakken haɗin gwiwar majiyyaci:

• an shigar da majiyyaci a cikin yanayi mai natsuwa, da kyau a cikin rumfar sauti;
• da farko ana watsa sautin ta iska (ta hanyar belun kunne ko lasifika) sannan, a yayin da aka rasa ji, ta hanyar kashi godiya ga vibrator kai tsaye a kan kwanyar;
• majiyyaci yana da pear wanda ya matse shi ya nuna ya ji sautin;
• don gwajin murya, kalmomin 1 zuwa 2 ana watsa su ta cikin iska kuma mai haƙuri ya maimaita su.

Kariya

Don tabbatar da cewa rashin jin ba shine saboda kunnuwa ta hanyar toshe kunne ba ko kuma saboda kumburi, yana da kyau a yi otoscopy a gaba.

A wasu lokuta, ana bada shawara don aiwatar da acumetry na farko don "ƙasa" ƙasa. Wannan jarrabawa ta ƙunshi gwaje-gwaje daban-daban: gwajin raɗa mai ƙarfi, gwajin hanawa, gwajin cokali mai yatsa.

Ga jarirai da yara a karkashin shekaru 4, wanda yin amfani da wani audiometer ba zai yiwu ba, da screenings da za'ayi tare da Moatti gwajin (saitin 4 moo kwalaye) da Boel gwajin (na'urar reproducing kararrawa).

Ma'auni don zaɓar da kyau

• Girma da nauyi: don amfani da marasa lafiya, na'urorin sauti masu nauyi waɗanda suka dace da hannu, nau'in Colson, an fi son su, yayin da don amfani a tsaye, manyan na'urori masu jiwuwa, mai yuwuwa haɗe da kwamfutoci da bayar da ƙarin ayyuka za a sami gata.
• Wutar lantarki: mains, baturi mai caji ko batura.
• Ayyuka: duk nau'ikan audiometer suna raba ayyuka na asali iri ɗaya, amma samfuran ci-gaba suna ba da ƙarin ƙarfi: faffadan mitoci da ƙarar sauti tare da ƙaramin giɓi tsakanin ma'aunai biyu, ƙarin allo mai fahimta, da sauransu.
• Na'urorin haɗi: ƙarin ko žasa dadi na belun kunne na audiometric, kwan fitila mai amsawa, jakar jigilar kaya, igiyoyi, da sauransu.
• Farashin: kewayon farashin yana oscillates tsakanin 500 zuwa 10 Tarayyar Turai.
• Matsayi: tabbatar da alamar CE da garanti.