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Allergy (bayyani)
Allergies: menene su?
Allergy, kuma ake kira yawan tashin hankali, wani mummunan martani ne na tsarin garkuwar jiki akan abubuwan da baƙon abu ga jiki (allergens), amma mara lahani. Yana iya bayyana a yankuna daban-daban na jiki: a kan fata, a cikin idanu, a cikin tsarin narkewa ko a cikin numfashi. Nau'in bayyanar cututtuka da ƙarfinsu zai bambanta dangane da inda rashin lafiyar ya fara, da wasu abubuwa da yawa waɗanda suka keɓanta ga kowane mutum. Suna iya zama marasa fahimta sosai, kamar bayyanar ja a fata, ko mai yuwuwar mutuwa, kamar girgiza. anaphylactic.
Babban nau'ikan bayyanar cututtuka sune:
- rashin lafiyar abinci;
- asma, a kalla a daya daga cikin siffofinsa, rashin lafiyar asma;
- atopic eczema;
- rashin lafiyan rhinitis;
- wasu nau'ikan urticaria;
- anaphylaxis.
Mutanen da ke fama da alerji guda ɗaya ba safai suke yin rashin lafiyan ba. Rashin lafiyar jiki zai iya bayyana kansa ta hanyoyi da yawa a cikin mutum ɗaya; rashin lafiyan rhinitis an nuna ya zama haɗari ga ci gaban asma15. Sabili da haka, maganin rashin jin daɗi na pollen don magance zazzabin hay na iya hana kamuwa da cutar asma ta hanyar kamuwa da wannan pollen.1.
Rashin lafiyar jiki
A mafi yawan lokuta, rashin lafiyar yana buƙatar lambobi 2 tare da alerji.
- Awareness. A karo na farko alerji shiga cikin jiki, ta hanyar fata ko ta mucous membranes (ido, numfashi ko tsarin narkewa), tsarin rigakafi yana gano nau'in na waje a matsayin mai haɗari. Ya fara yin takamaiman maganin rigakafi a kansa.
The tsoho, ko immunoglobulin, abubuwa ne da tsarin garkuwar jiki ke yi. Suna gane kuma suna lalata wasu abubuwa na waje waɗanda jikin ke fallasa su. Tsarin rigakafi yana samar da nau'ikan immunoglobulins guda 5 da ake kira Ig A, Ig D, Ig E, Ig G da Ig M, waɗanda ke da takamaiman ayyuka. A cikin mutanen da ke da allergies, musamman Ig E ne ke da hannu. |
- Rashin lafiyar jiki. Lokacin da allergen ya shiga jiki a karo na biyu, tsarin rigakafi yana shirye don amsawa. Kwayoyin rigakafi suna neman kawar da allergen ta hanyar haifar da saitin halayen tsaro.
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Danna don ganin rayarwa |
MUHIMMI Halin anaphylactic. Wannan rashin lafiyar jiki, kwatsam da kuma gaba ɗaya, yana rinjayar dukan kwayoyin halitta. Idan ba a yi gaggawar magance shi ba, zai iya ci gaba zuwa girgiza anaphylactic, wato raguwar hawan jini, rashin hayyacinsa da yiwuwar mutuwa, cikin mintuna. Da zarar alamun farko na tsanani dauki – kumburi a fuska ko baki, ciwon zuciya, jan faci a jiki – da wuri-wuri kafin na farko ya bayyana. alamun damuwa na numfashi -wahalar numfashi ko hadiyewa, hunhuwa, gyaggyarawa ko bacewar murya-, dole ne mutum ya gudanar da epinephrine (ÉpiPen®, Twinject®) kuma ya je wurin gaggawa da wuri-wuri. Atoppy. Atopy shine yanayin gado ga allergies. Mutum na iya shan wahala daga nau'i-nau'i iri-iri (asthma, rhinitis, eczema, da dai sauransu), saboda dalilan da ba a sani ba. Bisa ga binciken kasa da kasa na Asthma da Allergy a Yara, wani babban bincike da aka gudanar a Turai, kashi 40 zuwa 60 cikin dari na yaran da ke da eczema za su yi fama da rashin lafiyar numfashi, kuma kashi 10 zuwa 20% za su sami ciwon asma.2. Alamun farko na rashin lafiyar sau da yawa sune atopic eczema da allergies abinci, wanda zai iya bayyana a jarirai. Alamun rashin lafiyan rhinitis - shakar hanci, haushin ido, da cunkoson hanci - da kuma asma na faruwa da dan kadan daga baya a jariri.3. |
Sanadin
Don akwai rashin lafiyar jiki, yanayi 2 suna da mahimmanci: jiki dole ne ya kasance mai kula da wani abu, wanda ake kira allergen, kuma wannan abu dole ne ya kasance a cikin yanayin mutum.
The mafi na kowa allergens su ne:
- daga allergens na iska : pollen, zubar da mite da dander na dabbobi;
- daga abinci alerji : gyada, madarar saniya, qwai, alkama, waken soya (soya), ƙwayayen bishiya, sesame, kifi, kifi da sulphites (mai kiyayewa);
- sauran allergens : kwayoyi, latex, dafin kwari (ƙudan zuma, ƙudan zuma, bumblebees, hornets).
Rashin lafiyar gashin dabba? Ba mu da rashin lafiyar gashi, amma ga daurin dabbobi ko miyagu, ba fiye da yadda za mu yi matashin gashin kai da tsumma ba, sai dai ga ɗigon ɗigon da ke ɓoye a wurin. |
Har yanzu mun san kadan game daasalin allergies. Masana sun yarda cewa abubuwa da dama ne ke haifar da su. Ko da yake akwai lokuta da yawa na rashin lafiyar iyali, yawancin yaran da ke fama da rashin lafiyar sun fito ne daga iyalan da ba su da tarihin allergies.4. Don haka, ko da yake akwai yanayin dabi'ar halitta, akwai wasu dalilai da suka hada da: hayakin taba, yanayin rayuwar yammacin duniya da muhalli, musamman gurbatar iska. Damuwa na iya haifar da alamun alerji bayyana, amma ba shi da alhakin kai tsaye.
Milk: alerji ko rashin haƙuri? Rashin lafiyar madarar shanu da wasu sunadaran madara ke haifar da shi bai kamata a ruɗe shi da rashin haƙurin lactose ba, rashin iya narkar da wannan sukarin madara. Ana iya kawar da alamun rashin haƙurin lactose ta hanyar cinye kayan kiwo marasa lactose ko kuma ta hanyar shan abubuwan da ke cikin lactase (Lactaid®), ƙarancin enzyme, lokacin cinye kayan kiwo. |
Da yawa kuma akai-akai
Allergy sun fi kowa a yau fiye da shekaru 30 da suka wuce. A cikin duniya, da adadi Cututtukan rashin lafiyan sun ninka a cikin shekaru 15 zuwa 20 da suka gabata. Kashi 40 zuwa 50% na al'ummar ƙasashe masu arzikin masana'antu suna fama da wani nau'in alerji5.
- A Quebec, bisa ga rahoton da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Ƙasar ta Quebec ta samar, kowane nau'in allergies ya sami karuwa mai yawa daga 1987 zuwa 1998.6. Yaduwar rashin lafiyan rhinitis ya karu daga 6% zuwa 9,4%, dafuka, daga 2,3% zuwa 5% da sauran allergies daga 6,5% zuwa 10,3%.
- Yayin a farkon XXst karni, rashin lafiyan rhinitis ya shafi kusan kashi 1% na al'ummar Yammacin Turai, a halin yanzu yawan mutanen da abin ya shafa ya kai kashi 15% zuwa 20%2. A wasu ƙasashen Turai, kusan 1 cikin 4 yara masu shekaru 7 ko ƙasa da haka suna daeczema atopic. Bugu da kari, fiye da kashi 10% na yara masu shekaru 13 da 14 suna fama da ciwon asma.
Me ake danganta ci gaban allergies zuwa? Ta hanyar lura da sauye-sauyen zamantakewa da muhalli waɗanda suka yi alama a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, masu bincike sun haɓaka hasashe iri-iri. Hasashen masu tsafta. Bisa ga wannan hasashe, gaskiyar rayuwa a cikin yanayi (gidaje, wuraren aiki da ayyukan jin dadi) wanda ke kara tsaftacewa da tsaftacewa zai bayyana karuwa a yawan lokuta na allergies a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Tuntuɓi, tun yana ƙanana, tare da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta zasu ba da izinin balaga lafiya na tsarin rigakafi wanda, in ba haka ba, zai kasance yana samun rashin lafiyan halayen. Wannan zai bayyana dalilin da yasa yaran da suka kamu da mura hudu ko biyar a shekara ba su da haɗarin rashin lafiyan. A permeability na mucous membranes. A cewar wani hasashe, rashin lafiyar zai gwammace ya zama sakamakon babban abin da ya faru na mucosa (na ciki, na baka, na numfashi) ko kuma na gyare-gyaren flora na hanji. Don ƙarin bayani kan batun, karanta Allergy: Abin da masana ke faɗi. |
Juyin Halitta
Rashin lafiyar abinci yakan ci gaba: sau da yawa dole ne ku hana abinci daga abincin ku har tsawon rayuwar ku. Amma game da rashin lafiyar numfashi, za su iya raguwa har zuwa ma'anar ɓacewa kusan gaba ɗaya, duk da kasancewar allergen. Ba a san dalilin da yasa haƙuri zai iya shiga ba, a cikin wannan yanayin. Atopic eczema kuma yana kula da samun sauki cikin shekaru. Akasin haka, rashin lafiyar dafin kwarin da ke faruwa bayan cizon na iya yin muni, wani lokaci bayan ciji na biyu, sai dai idan an sami maganin rage jin daɗi.
bincike
Likitan yana ɗaukar tarihin bayyanar cututtuka: yaushe suka bayyana da kuma ta yaya. Gwaje-gwajen fata ko samfurin jini yana ba da damar gano ainihin allergen ɗin da ake magana akai don kawar da shi gwargwadon iko daga muhallin da yake zaune, kuma a sami damar yin maganin rashin lafiyar da kyau.
The gwajin fata gano abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin lafiyar jiki. Sun ƙunshi fallasa fata ga ƙananan allurai na abubuwan da aka tsarkake; za ku iya gwada kusan arba'in a lokaci guda. Wadannan abubuwa na iya zama pollen daga tsire-tsire daban-daban, mold, dander na dabba, mites, dafin kudan zuma, penicillin, da dai sauransu. Ana ganin alamun rashin lafiyar jiki, wanda zai iya zama nan da nan ko jinkirta (sa'o'i 48 bayan haka, musamman ga eczema). Idan akwai alerji, ƙaramin ɗigo ja ya bayyana, kama da cizon kwari.