Menene spirogyra
Spirogyra na daya daga cikin algae da aka fi nazari a duniya, wanda aka gano shekaru biyu da suka wuce. Ya ƙunshi filament marasa rassa (kwayoyin silinda), suna zaune a cikin tafkuna masu dumi, sabo da ɗan gishiri da ƙoramu a faɗin duniya, suna kama da nau'i-nau'i-kamar auduga waɗanda ke shawagi a saman kuma suna rufe ƙasa.
Menene illa ga Baikal
Inda akwai ruwa mai haske, yanzu kore, jelly mai kamshi. Garin, wanda a baya yana haskaka da yashi mai tsafta, yanzu ya zama datti da fadama. Shekaru da yawa, an hana yin iyo a kan rairayin bakin teku masu yawa da suka shahara a baya na tafkin Baikal saboda haɗarin abun ciki na E. coli a cikin ruwa, wanda ya yi girma a cikin ruwa mai datti.
Bugu da ƙari, spirogyra yana kawar da endemics (nau'ikan da ke rayuwa kawai a cikin Baikal - bayanin marubuci): gastropods, soso na Baikal, kuma su ne ke tabbatar da tsabtar tafkin. Ya mamaye wuraren kiwo na yellowfly goby, wanda shine abincin Baikal omul. Yana sa ba zai yiwu a yi kamun kifi a yankin bakin teku ba. Spirogyra ta rufe gabar tafkin tare da kauri mai kauri, ta rube, tana lalata ruwan, ta sa shi rashin dacewa da amfani.
Me yasa spirogyra ta haihu sosai
Me yasa algae ya yadu sosai, wanda a baya ya rayu cikin nutsuwa da kwanciyar hankali a cikin tafki na yau da kullun kuma bai tsoma baki tare da kowa ba? Phosphates ana la'akari da babban dalilin girma, saboda spirogyra yana ciyar da su kuma yana girma sosai saboda su. Bugu da ƙari, su da kansu suna lalata wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, suna share yankuna don spirogyra. Phosphates taki ne don spirogyra, suna kunshe da foda mai arha, wanka ba zai yiwu ba idan ba tare da shi ba, kuma mutane da yawa ba sa shirye su sayi foda mai tsada.
A cewar darektan Cibiyar Limnological Mikhail Grachev, akwai adadi mai yawa na spirogyra a bakin tekun, wuraren magani ba sa tsaftace wani abu, ruwa mai datti yana gudana daga gare su, kowa ya san wannan, amma ba su yi kome ba. Kuma a gaba ɗaya, masana suna magana ne game da tabarbarewar yanayin muhallin da ke kewayen tafkin, wanda hakan ya faru ne sakamakon fitar da sharar gida daga mazauna yankin da masu hutu, da kuma hayaƙi daga kamfanonin masana'antu.
Abin da masana ke cewa
Spirogyra da farko yana girma da kyau a cikin yanayi mai dumi, kuma a Baikal ruwa yana da sanyi sosai, don haka bai yi fice a tsakanin sauran tsire-tsire ba. Amma, ciyar da phosphates, yana tsiro da kyau a cikin ruwan sanyi, ana iya ganin wannan tare da ido tsirara a cikin bazara, ƙanƙara ta narke, kuma ta riga ta mamaye sabbin yankuna.
Hanyar magance matsalar ta dogara ne akan matakai uku. Mataki na farko shine gina sabbin wuraren jiyya. Na biyu yana cikin tsaftace yankin bakin teku. Don tsaftace yankin ruwa, kuna buƙatar ba kawai don tattara spirogyra daga saman ba, har ma daga ƙasa. Kuma wannan aiki ne mai cin lokaci mai yawa, saboda yana buƙatar cire 30 centimeters na ƙasa don tabbatar da lalacewa (ana samo spirogyra daga bakin teku zuwa zurfin mita 40). Na uku shi ne dokar hana fitar da ruwa daga injin wanki zuwa cikin ruwan kogin Selenga, Upper Angara, Barguzin, Turka, Snezhnaya da Sarma. Amma, ko da duk mazaunan yankin Irkutsk da Jamhuriyar Buryatia sun ƙi foda mai arha, zai ɗauki shekaru da yawa don dawo da yanayin yanayin tafkin, an kafa shi shekaru da yawa kuma yana da wauta don yarda cewa zai yi sauri. murmurewa.
Kammalawa
Wasu jami'ai sun ce tafkin ya yi yawa da laka ta iya fadamasa, amma masana kimiyya sun musanta hakan. Sun bincika ƙasa kuma sun gano cewa a cikin zurfin mita 10 akwai manyan tarin spirogyra masu launuka iri-iri. Ƙananan yadudduka, saboda rashin iskar oxygen, rot, sakin abubuwa masu guba, kuma sun gangara zuwa zurfin zurfi. Don haka, ruɓaɓɓen algae ya taru a Baikal - ya zama babban ramin takin.
Tafkin Baikal yana dauke da kashi 20% na ruwan sha a duniya, yayin da kowane mutum na shida a duniya ke fuskantar karancin ruwan sha. A Rasha, wannan bai dace ba tukuna, amma a lokacin sauyin yanayi da bala'o'in da mutum ya yi, lamarin na iya canzawa. Zai zama rashin hankali kada a kula da albarkatu mai mahimmanci, domin mutum ba zai iya rayuwa ba tare da ruwa ba har tsawon kwanaki biyu. Bugu da ƙari, Baikal wuri ne na hutu ga yawancin Rashawa. Mu tuna cewa tafkin wata taska ce ta kasar Rasha kuma muna da alhakinsa.