Kalmar barasa jini suna ne da aka kirkira a karni na ashirin kuma ya kunshi kalmar barasa wacce aka kara da kari -emia, daga Girkanci haima, wanda ke nufin jini. Don haka matakin barasa yana nuna kasancewar barasa na ethyl a cikin jini. Matsayin barasa, ko matakin barasa a cikin jini, ana auna shi cikin gram a kowace lita na jini. Dokar kwanan watan 29 ga Agusta, 1995 ta saukar da matsakaicin matakin barasa na jini wanda aka ba da izini don tuƙi zuwa 0,5 g / L.

Lokacin da wani yana buƙatar kasancewa akan hanya, yana da mahimmanci su bincika matakin barasa kafin su hau bayan motar. Tuki a ƙarƙashin rinjayar shaye -shaye shine abu na biyu da ke haifar da mutuwa akan hanyoyi. A cikin shekarun masu shekaru 35-44, musamman, abubuwan maye da abubuwan maye sun cika wakilci: barasa yana cikin wannan sashi na yawan jama'a a asalin 25% na haɗarin haɗari. A yayin cin zarafin barasa na jini, amma kuma lokacin da direban ke son sake ɗaukar sabon lasisi bayan sokewa, ko kuma ya dawo da shi bayan dakatarwa, galibi yana faruwa cewa an ɗauki gwajin jini. 

Wajibi ne a sami iskar numfashi a cikin abin hawa. Don haka ita ce hanyar da aka fi so don sanin ko kun dace da tuƙi bayan shan barasa. Akwai, duk da haka, idan ba ku da wannan gwajin, dabarun lissafi don ƙididdige shi, gwargwadon nauyi da jinsi: 

• Ga mutum: (V * T * 0,8) / (0,7 * M)
• Ga mace: (V * T * 0,8) / (0,6 * M)

A cikin waɗannan dabaru guda biyu:

• V yayi daidai da ƙarar buguwa, a cikin mL;
• T shine matakin barasa a cikin kashi (don giya a 5 °, zai zama 0,05%);
• 0,8 yayi daidai da yawan barasa;
• 0,7 ko 0,6 shine ma'aunin watsawa dangane da ko namiji ne ko mace;
• M yana wakiltar nauyi a cikin kg.

Don ƙididdigewa cikin sauƙi, kuna iya zaɓar zaɓi takardar Excel akan wayoyinku. Aikace -aikacen hannu, ba da izinin lissafin matakin barasa a cikin jini, su ma suna nan. Shi kuma mai shakar numfashi, yana auna matakin barasa a cikin iskar da ke fita.

Yayin da ake amfani da numfashi kawai don gano matakin barasa na jini ba tare da auna madaidaicin matakin barasa ba, ana iya tabbatar da ainihin matakin barasa a cikin jini ta hanyar gwajin jini da gwajin likita. Ana iya yin wannan gwajin jini don likita ko dalilai na bincike. 

Ana amfani da wannan gwajin ilimin ilimin likitanci don tantance idan mutum ya sha barasa, da auna adadin da ke cikin jiki. 

• An tambaye shi lokacin da ake zargin mara lafiya da maye na ethyl, musamman idan ya gabatar da alamun cutar;
• Ana kuma bukatar lokacin da ake zargin mutum da karya doka kan shan giya, ko kuma tare da neman muggan kwayoyi;

• Matsakaicin ƙimar da doka ta ba da izini lokacin tuƙi shine 0,5 grams a kowace lita na jini. Bugu da ƙari, a ƙarƙashin yanayi da yawa, kamar lokacin gwaji ko tuƙin da aka raka, an saita wannan matsakaicin matakin barasa mai izini 0,2 g / L na jini. 

Daga ƙarshe, saboda haka akwai manyan yanayi guda biyu waɗanda allurar barasa a cikin jini ya zama dole:

• Shin dalilan likita : kasancewar ko rashin shan giya na iya taimakawa bayyana wasu alamomin da ke cikin marasa lafiya, da ba da damar daidaita yanayin magani, misali. Ana iya buƙatar BAC na likita idan mai haƙuri ya gabatar da alamomin da ke nuni da guba mai guba ko na yau da kullun;
• Don dalilai na zamani : ana buƙatar matakin shan barasa na jini yayin da wani batun ya shiga cikin zirga -zirgar ababen hawa ko haɗarin aiki, ko cikin yanayin tashin hankali akan wasu, a yayin da ake zargin wanda ya mutu. 'Yan sanda da jandarma, musamman, suna yawan yin gwajin barasa na jini akan hanyoyi. 

A takaice, gwajin jini yana ba da damar auna daidai matakin ethanol, amma kuma yana iya taimakawa wajen kimanta shan barasa godiya ga alamomin halittu da yawa.

Ethanol, ko barasa na ethyl, ana iya auna shi a cikin samfurin jini da cikin iskar da aka fitar. Dole ne a bincika na ƙarshen nan da nan.

Shakar iska

Ana samun samfurin iskar da aka fitar ta hanyar busawa. Mai numfashi shine kawai kayan aikin doka don auna madaidaicin matakin a cikin iskar da aka fitar don aiwatar da doka. 'Yan sanda da jandarmomi ne ke amfani da shi kuma dole ne ya zama abin dogaro, madaidaici, kuma ya bi matsayin AFNOR NF X 20 701. Don gwajin ya zama mai inganci, dole ne a duba wannan numfashin numfashin sau ɗaya a shekara. Na'urar aunawa ce wacce ke tabbatar da maida hankali na ethanol a cikin iskar da aka fitar bisa ga kwatankwacin juzu'i biyu masu haske. 

Idan akwai rashin ƙarfi na jiki don numfashi ko yayin raunin jiki, ana yin gwajin jini koyaushe, yana haifar da samfura biyu, don samun damar neman giciye.

Samfurin jini

Ana ɗaukar samfurin jini ta hanyar yin amfani da iska, tare da sanya allura a cikin jijiya a ƙashin gwiwar hannu. Ana yin gwajin jini don sha da tuƙi a cikin dakin gwaje -gwaje. Gwajin da aka yi shine gwajin ethanol daga wannan samfurin jini. Lokacin da aka yi niyyar bincike don aiwatar da doka, yakamata a yi shi a cikin dakin gwaje -gwaje da aka amince ta amfani da dabarar da aka ba da shawarar. 

Waɗannan gwaje -gwajen suna iya tantance matakin barasa a cikin jini akan komai a ciki. Bugu da ƙari, gwajin jini zai ba da damar nazarin abubuwan hanta aiki, gabobin da kusan kashi 95% na barasa ke ƙarewa, ta hanyar matakan:

• na rahusa Lambar GT (Gamma Glutamyl Transferase);
• du VGM (Ma'anar ƙarar corpuscular);
• cikin kudi na CDT (Canja wurin Rage Carbohydrate);
• na transaminases (ASAT da ALAT) da triglycerides.

Sakamakon barasa na jini yana da sakamako ga direba, gwargwadon matakin da aka auna a cikin jini shine:

• Kasa da 0,5 g / L na jini (watau 0,25 MG a kowace lita na iskar da aka fitar): iko ba shi da kyau, ba a hukunta direba;
• Tsakanin 0,5 da 0,8 g / L na jini : an sanya wa direba takunkumi. Rashin yin biyayya da iyakance barasa na jini yana haifar da tarar aji na huɗu tare da cire maki shida daga lasisin;
• Fiye da 0,8 g / L na jini (ko 0,4 MG a kowace lita na iskar da aka hura): a cewar labarin L243-1 na Babbar Hanya, “ko da babu wata bayyananniyar alamar buguwa, tuki abin hawa a ƙarƙashin tabarbarewar yanayin giya da halin barasa ke ciki. maida hankali a cikin jini daidai ko fiye da gram 0,8 a kowace lita ko ta hanyar shan barasa a cikin iskar da aka fitar daidai ko sama da 0,4 mg / L ana hukunta shi da ɗaurin shekaru biyu da tarar Yuro 4500 ”. Ƙarin hukuncin da aka ɗauka shine, musamman, dakatarwar, na tsawon shekaru uku a mafi yawan, na lasisin tuƙi.

Bugu da ƙari, ga likita, idan kasancewar ethanol a cikin samfurin a sarari yana tabbatar da cewa mai haƙuri ya cinye barasa, ƙimar da aka auna kuma yana ba da damar bayar da nuni ga girman ɓarna. Bugu da ƙari, ikon kawar da barasa daga jiki ya dogara da ingancin enzymes na hanta, amma kuma akan amincin hanta.

Sabili da haka, ana fassara sakamakon alamomin halittu kamar haka:

• Lambar GT . Idan gwajin jinin ya dawo tabbatacce, ana ƙara shi ta hanyar gwajin CDT;
• CDT : Carboxy-deficient transferrin (CDT) ya keɓance musamman ga shan barasa, kuma musamman yawan wuce kima. Ana auna babban matakin CDT ta hanyar electrophoresis lokacin da ya fi ko daidai da 1,6% (tare da shakkun yankin “launin toka” tsakanin 1,3 da 1,6%). Sashinsa ya dawo kan al'ada bayan makonni biyu zuwa huɗu bayan daina shan barasa.
• VGM : bayan watanni biyu na yawan shan barasa, ƙarar jajayen ƙwayoyin jini na ƙaruwa. Duk da haka, wasu abubuwan na iya haifar da ƙaruwa da girman ƙwayar jini, kamar taba ko anti-vitamin K;
• enzymes ASAT, ALAT da triglycerides .

A ƙarshe, ya kamata ku sani cewa a matsayin ƙa'ida, abin shan giya yawanci yana ɗaukar awa ɗaya don kawar, amma akwai manyan bambance -bambance tsakanin mutane gwargwadon ƙabilanci, jima'i da nauyi. A matsakaici, matakin barasa na jini yana raguwa da 0,15 g na barasa a kowace lita na jini a awa ɗaya.