Ƙananan tarihi game da Psilocybe
A halin yanzu jinsin (Psilocybe) yana da kusan nau'ikan 20. A lokaci guda kuma, nau'in nau'in Amurka da Asiya ba a yi nazari sosai ba. Nau'in wannan nau'in halittu ne na duniya kuma ana rarraba su a kusan dukkanin nahiyoyi. Namomin kaza na jinsi saprotrophs. Suna zaune a kan ƙasa, rassan da suka mutu da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, ana samun su a kan sawdust, da yawa suna rayuwa a kan sphagnum bogs, peat, da taki. Ana samun su a cikin daji akan humus na gandun daji. Siffar siffa ta namomin kaza da yawa shine wurin zama a cikin ƙasa maras kyau. Saboda haka, suna cikin nau'in heliphytic.
Suna da nasu amfani. A cikin wasu rubuce-rubuce na ƙarni na XNUMX-XNUMXth, waɗanda ke kwatanta al'adun da suka ɓace na Aztecs, akwai ambaton al'adun gargajiya na Indiya, dangane da abin da suka yi amfani da namomin kaza da ke haifar da hallucinations. Abubuwan hallucinogenic na wasu namomin kaza an san su ga firistoci Maya a tsohuwar Mexico, waɗanda suke amfani da su a cikin bukukuwan addini. An sha wannan namomin kaza a Amurka ta tsakiya na dogon lokaci. Indiyawa suna ɗaukar su namomin kaza na allahntaka. Hatta hotunan dutse na namomin kaza, waɗanda Indiyawa ke girmamawa a matsayin allahntaka, an samo su.
Duk da haka, suna da nasu amfani. A cikin wasu rubuce-rubuce na ƙarni na XNUMX-XNUMXth, waɗanda ke kwatanta al'adun da suka ɓace na Aztecs, akwai ambaton al'adun gargajiya na Indiya, dangane da abin da suka yi amfani da namomin kaza da ke haifar da hallucinations. Abubuwan hallucinogenic na wasu namomin kaza an san su ga firistoci Maya a tsohuwar Mexico, waɗanda suke amfani da su a cikin bukukuwan addini. An sha wannan namomin kaza a Amurka ta tsakiya na dogon lokaci. Indiyawa suna ɗaukar su namomin kaza na allahntaka. Hatta hotunan dutse na namomin kaza, waɗanda Indiyawa ke girmamawa a matsayin allahntaka, an samo su.
Wani abu mai hallucinogenic da ake kira psilocybin an keɓe shi daga namomin kaza na halitta. A halin yanzu, wannan sinadari ana haɗe shi a ƙasashen waje kuma ana amfani da shi don magance wasu cututtukan tabin hankali. Duk da haka, abu psilocybin ya zama maganin hallucinogenic mai haɗari sosai idan ba a yi amfani da shi don dalilai na magani ba, ba tare da kulawar likita ba.
A yanzu psilocybin samu a wasu fungi daga genera paneolus, stropharia, anellaria. Kimanin nau'ikan nau'ikan 25 yanzu an rarraba su azaman namomin kaza na hallucinogenic, wanda kashi 75% wakilai ne na jinsin psilocybe, misali Psilocybe caerulescens, Psilocybe semilanceata, Psilocybe pelliculosa, Psilocybe cubensis.
amma psilocybin a cikin namomin kaza na hallucinogenic akwai wani abu wanda shima yana da tasirin psychotropic - psilocin, kama a cikin tsari zuwa psilocybin. A cikin namomin kaza na nau'in Stropharia da Psilocybe, da kuma a cikin jinsin Paneolus, an samo abubuwan da aka samo asali (tryptamine, da dai sauransu), wanda ke da tasirin anticoagulant akan maganin fibrinogen.