Abubuwan da ke haifar da goiter suna da yawa, daban-daban dangane da ko yana da kama da juna ko kuma ya bambanta, tare da ko ba tare da aikin thyroid na al'ada ba. Ana iya haɗa shi:

- abubuwan gina jiki, kwayoyin halitta da abubuwan hormonal (saboda haka mafi girma a cikin mata);

- taba wanda ke inganta goiter ta hanyar yin gasa da aidin;

- fallasa zuwa radiation, kumburin mahaifa a cikin yara ko bayyanar muhalli.

Goiters masu kama da juna

Waɗannan su ne goiter wanda thyroid gland shine yake kumbura a cikin girmansa a cikin nau'i mai kama da juna.

Goiter mai kama da aikin thyroid na al'ada yana saduwa da kashi 80% na lokuta a mata. Ba shi da zafi, mai girma dabam, kuma baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman.

Goiter tare da hyperthyroidism ko ciwon kabari: ya fi kowa a mata fiye da maza, kuma sau da yawa asalin iyali, yana tare da asarar nauyi, haushi, zazzabi, yawan gumi, rawar jiki. A wasu lokuta akwai exophthalmos, watau manyan kwallin ido, suna ba da bayyanar idanu na globular, suna fitowa daga sararin samaniya.

Homogeneous goiter tare da hypothyroidism shi ma ya fi yawa a cikin mata. Ana iya haifar da shi ta hanyar kwayoyi kamar lithium, ko rashi na iodine a wasu yankuna na Faransa kamar Alps, Pyrenees, da dai sauransu. Goiter ya kasance ruwan dare kafin amfani da gishiri mai ƙarfi na iodine. Hakanan yana iya kasancewa na asali na iyali ko kuma ya haifar da cutar ta autoimmune (Hashimoto's thyroiditis) wanda jiki ke yin rigakafi da kansa.

Goiter saboda yawan adadin iodine bayan rediyo tare da wakilai masu bambanta ko jiyya tare da amiodarone (maganin da ake nufi don magance cututtukan zuciya na zuciya) na iya haifar da hypo ko hyperthyroidism. Suna komawa baya nan take a yanayin farko ko bayan dakatar da amiodarone.

Goiters masu zafi da hade da zazzabina iya yin daidai da ƙananan thyroiditis na Quervain wanda ke haifar da hypothyroidism kuma sau da yawa hyperthyroidism. Yawancin lokaci yana warkar da kansa a cikin 'yan makonni ko watanni. Likita na iya rubuta aspirin, corticosteroids, da jiyya don rage zuciya a cikin tachycardia.

Heterogeneous ko nodular goiters.

Palpation ko duban dan tayi yana nuna kasancewar nodules ɗaya ko fiye, ko yana da alaƙa da aikin thyroid mara kyau. Nodule (s) na iya zama "tsaka-tsaki" tare da aikin hormonal na al'ada, "sanyi" ko hypoactive tare da raguwar samar da hormones na thyroid ko "zafi" ko wuce gona da iri tare da karuwar siginar hormones thyroid. Zafafan nodules suna da ciwon daji da ba a saba gani ba. Amma m, ruwa ko gauraye sanyi nodules iya a cikin 10 zuwa 20% na lokuta daidai da wani m ƙari, saboda haka ciwon daji.

Wane likita za ku tuntuɓi idan kuna da goiter?

A gaban goiter, sabili da haka karuwa a cikin ƙarar thyroid gland shine a gindin wuyansa, wanda zai iya tuntubar babban likita wanda bisa ga jarrabawa da kuma abubuwan farko na kima za su koma ga endocrinologist (kwararre a cikin hormonal). aiki) ko ENT.

Binciken asibiti.

Binciken wuyan likita zai lura ko kumburi a gindin wuyansa yana da alaƙa da thyroid. Hakanan yana ba da damar ganin ko yana da zafi ko a'a, mai kama da juna ko a'a, idan kumburi ya shafi lobe ɗaya ko duka biyun, ƙaƙƙarfansa, ƙaƙƙarfan ko taushi daidaito. Binciken da likita ya yi kuma zai iya neman kasancewar ƙwayoyin lymph a wuyansa.

A lokacin binciken likita na gabaɗaya, tambayoyin likita tare da nazarin jiki suna neman alamun rashin aiki na thyroid.

Har ila yau, likita zai tambayi abin da suke da jiyya da aka saba amfani da su, idan akwai matsalolin thyroid a cikin iyali, irradiation na wuyansa a lokacin yaro, asalin yanki, abubuwan da ke taimakawa (taba, rashin iodine, ciki).

Nazarin halittu.

Suna nazarin aikin thyroid ta hanyar tantance hormones na thyroid (T3 da T4) da kuma TSH (hormone wanda glandan pituitary ya samar wanda ke sarrafa siginar hormones thyroid). A aikace, yana sama da duk TSH wanda aka auna don kima na farko. Idan ya karu, yana nufin cewa thyroid ba ya aiki sosai, idan yana da ƙananan, cewa ɓoyewar hormones thyroid ya wuce kima.

Likitan kuma na iya ba da umarnin gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje don duba kasancewar anti-thyroid antibodies.

Nazarin rediyo.

Muhimmin jarrabawa shinescan wanda ke ƙayyade girman, nau'in hali daban-daban ko ba na goiter ba, halayen nodule (s) (ruwa, m ko gauraye), ainihin yanayinsa da kuma musamman tsawo na goiter zuwa ga thorax (abin da ake kira plunging). goiter). Ta kuma nemi nodes na lymph a wuya.

La maganin thyroid. Ya ƙunshi baiwa mutumin da zai ɗauki jarrabawar alamomin rediyoaktif mai ɗauke da wani abu da zai ɗaure ga glandar thyroid (iodine ko technetium). Kamar yadda waɗannan alamomin rediyo suke aiki, yana da sauƙi a sami hoton wuraren daure alamomin. Wannan gwajin yana ƙayyade aikin thyroid gaba ɗaya. Yana iya nuna nodules da ba a gani akan palpation da nuni

- idan nodules sun kasance "sanyi": suna ɗaure ƙananan alamar rediyo, kuma wannan yana nuna raguwa a hyperfunction thyroid.

- idan nodules suna "zafi", suna gyara yawancin alamun rediyo, wanda ke nuna ƙira mai yawa

- idan nodules sun kasance tsaka tsaki, suna gyara alamomin rediyo masu tsaka-tsaki, wanda ke nuna aikin hormonal na al'ada.

La huda a nodulesyana ba da damar neman kasancewar ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa ko don fitar da cyst. Ana yin shi da tsari don duk nodules mai sanyi

La sauki rediyo zai iya nuna calcifications na goiter da tsawo zuwa kirji

L'IRM Yana da ban sha'awa don ƙayyade tsawo na thyroid zuwa tsarin da ke makwabtaka da kuma musamman kasancewar goiter da ke gangarawa zuwa ga thorax, don bincika ƙwayoyin lymph.