La transpersonal ilimin halin dan Adam yana sha'awar" jihohin da ba na talakawa ba Na sani: jin dadi, jin haɗin gwiwa tare da sararin samaniya, sanin halin mutum na ciki, sufi, da dai sauransu. Ko da yake ana kallon su sau da yawa tare da zato, waɗannan jihohi ba kawai za su kasance lafiya ba, amma zasu wakilci ainihin ainihin halin da ake ciki. mafi girma bukatun na dan Adam. Kamar yadda sunansa ya nuna, da tranny- damuwa na sirri abin da ya wuce halin mutum, yanayin yanayinsa da ƙananan duniyarsa.

A matsayinka na al'ada, wannan ilimin halin dan Adam yana da matsayinsa " cikakken ganewa " na mutum. Yana da damuwa, alal misali, tare da hargitsin da ke fitowa daga ƙulla abubuwan da ake zaton "marasa iyaka" na sani a cikin ƙayyadaddun sifofi na girman kai - kamar yadda za'a iya bayyana a lokutan rikice-rikice na wanzuwa ko abin da ake kira rikici. na bayyanar ruhaniya.

Le motsi transpersonal ya wuce tsarin ilimin halin ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗai don taɓa kowane fanni na ayyukan ɗan adam waɗanda za su iya yin wahayi ta hanyar tunani mai tsarki na duniya: tattalin arziki, ilimin halitta, falsafa, da sauransu.

Yanki na transpersonal ilimin halin dan Adam ba “ƙirƙirar” ce ta zamani ba tun da an binciko ta da yawa ta al'adun Gabas da Shamanic. Yawancin masana falsafa na tsohuwar Girka ma sun kula da ita. Daga hangen nesa na Yammacin zamani, manyan masu tunani da masu bincike na karni na XNUMX^e karni, kamar Carl Jung, Emmanuel Mounier¹ da kuma Roberto Assagioli² (wanda ya kafa psychosynthesis), ya ƙunshi mahimman bayanai. Amma akwai wasu takamaiman abubuwan da suka faru a shekarun 1960 waɗanda suka ƙayyade bullowar sa. Na farko, masanin ilimin halin dan Adam na Amurka Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) ya kafa shahararsa dala na bukatun mutane.³

Yanzu an gane shi a duniya, yana gabatar da buƙatun gama gari ga duk ɗan adam a cikin ci gaban matsayi a matakan 5, mafi girman su shine " nasara "Ko kuma" aiwatar da aikin kai “. Wannan girman ya shafi buri na haɓaka iyawa da basirar mutum, don “girma”, don haɓaka yuwuwar mutum (saboda haka sharuɗɗan “ci gaban mutum” da “motsin yuwuwar ɗan adam”).

Maslow daga baya ya gyara wannan matakin na ƙarshe don haɗa ra'ayi na " matsakaici “Ko” matsakaici “. Da yawa masu tunani sai suka ga sun dace su ƙirƙira 6^e matakin daban a saman dala^4-5 . An bayyana wannan matakin ta hanyar burin rayuwa abubuwan haɗin kai tare da Cosmos da ƙauna marar iyaka ga Bil'adama.

A cikin 1969, Abraham Maslow ya same shi Jaridar Transpersonal Psychology, Yayin da Association for Transpersonal Psychology da aka kafa, 2 shekaru daga baya, kawai bayan mutuwarsa (ga Sites ban sha'awa). Manufar wannan ƙungiya ita ce, kuma har yanzu, don samar da wurin musayar ra'ayi ga masu bincike da masu aiki na motsi na mutane, da kuma inganta hangen nesa.duniya a matsayin abu mai tsarki.

Bugu da ƙari, a lokacin da Maslow ke gudanar da bincikensa, "madadin cibiyar ilimi" ta buɗe a bakin tekun California. Esalen, wanda zai zama "Makka" na bincike mai zurfi. Daruruwan masana kimiyya, masu fasaha da masana ruhaniya sun zauna a can lokaci ɗaya ko wani. Mun gudanar da bita akan sabbin hanyoyin warkewa da kowane irin bincike na ruhaniya, musamman tare da ruhi na gabas. Hanyoyi na ruhaniya da yawa sun taso daga waɗannan gamuwa da yawa.

Amma game da tunani game da motsi, an bi shi musamman ta Charles Tart, farfesa a fannin ilimin halin dan Adam a Jami'ar California a Davis; ta Stanislav Grof, likitan kwakwalwa da kuma mahaliccin holotropic numfashi; by Roger Walsh, farfesa na ilimin hauka; da Ken Wilber, ƙwararren masanin falsafa wanda tabbas shine babban masanin iliminsa.

Ya kamata kuma a ambaci cewa, neman bincika iri-iri bayyanuwar hankali, Motsi na transpersonal yana da matukar sha'awar abubuwan ban mamaki: shaidar mutanen da suka gaskanta cewa wasu ƴan ƙasa ne suka sace su, abubuwan da ke kusa da mutuwa, premonition, telepathy, ayyukan shamanic, da dai sauransu.

La transpersonal ilimin halin dan Adam ba'a iyakance ga batutuwa na sirri ba. Ba ya wasa da yawa a cikin yankin kuɗi, amma inda kuɗi ya ɓace kuma ya bar babban wurinsa. Idan, a cikin ilimin halin dan Adam na gargajiya, da Samfurori masu nasara, masu himma, ƙwararrun maza da mata, da haɗin kai sosai a cikin zamantakewar jama'a, waɗanda ke cikin ɓatanci su ne tsarkaka, masu hikima da jaruman ɗan adam. Wannan ba yana nufin cewa wannan hanyar ta musanta mahimmancin kai na lafiya ba, akasin haka: yana daga tushe mai tushe da daidaito wanda dan Adam zai iya kaiwa ga wasu bangarori.

A cewar Ken Wilber⁶, "Bude sani" na al'ada ne kuma na halitta: na farko a cikin yara, hankali yana tasowa a hankali, yana wucewa ta mataki na ganewa tare da girman kai, to, ya kamata ya iya buɗewa ga dukan halitta, kamar yadda Carl Jung ya bayyana a cikin nasa. littattafai. A mafi girman matakin ci gabansa, hankali yana daidai da farkawa ko wayewar da yawancin hadisai na sufa suke magana.

Mai fassara ba hanya ba ce, a zanen mutum da duniyar da ke kewaye da shi. Masu ilimin halin ɗan adam waɗanda ke raba wannan ra'ayi na iya ɗaukar tsarin al'ada kuma kawai ba da damar girman ruhaniya ya mamaye sararin da ya cancanci ci gaban ɗan adam. Amma, gabaɗaya, aikin ɗan adam ya ƙunshi haifar da ɗaiɗaikun mutane jihohin hankali ba na al'ada ba (Maslow ya kira su kololuwar abubuwan ko abubuwan da suka shafi paroxysmal). Waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru ana nufin su wargaza iyakoki na tunani ko tunani da kuma ba da dama ga fahimtar gaskiya mafi girma.

Ana amfani da dabaru da yawa don wannan dalili, yawancin su aro ne daga ko kuma sun dace da al'adun ruhaniya na gabas ko shamanic: nau'ikan tunani iri-iri, hypnosis, raye-raye masu tsarki, wuraren gumi.masaukin gumi), Neman hangen nesa, koma baya a cikin rayuwar da ta gabata, mafarkai, mafarkai masu lucid, numfashi da dabarun kuzari daga yoga ko Qi Gong, aiki tare da al'ada, numfashi na holotropic, fasahar fasaha, hangen nesa na kere kere, sophrology, sake haifuwa, da sauransu.

Mafi yawan waɗannan fasaha ne m kuma dole ne a yi aiki da shi a cikin isasshen yanayi mai aminci. Dole ne mai ilimin halin dan Adam ya iya taimaka wa mutumin don yanke abubuwan da ya faru da kuma haɗa su. Don haka dole ne mu zaɓi likitan kwantar da hankali a hankali wanda muke son shiga irin wannan kasada tare da shi.

Ka tuna, duk da haka, cewa abubuwan da suka wuce gona da iri na iya faruwa ba zato ba tsammani saboda al'amuran yanayi, kamar kasancewa a gaban wani wuri mai faɗi ko aikin fasaha mai kyau, shaida haihuwar ɗa ko mutuwar ƙaunataccen . Bugu da kari, raye-raye, wake-wake, wasanni, kimiyya, jajircewa da sadaukarwa suma hanyoyin samun wannan nau'in gogewa ne.

Ko da yake yana da mahimmancin masu bincike da marubuta, da transpersonal ilimin halin dan Adam ya kasance m. Ba a koyar da shi a cikin ilimin halin ɗan adam na jami'a kuma ƙwararrun umarni na masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ba sa fahimtar ayyukan da ke tattare da shi. Dole ne a faɗi cewa, a cikin ilimin halin ɗan adam "official", an riga an sami daidaiton ra'ayi / ɗan adam wanda ke nufin aiwatar da kansa, amma ba tare da aikin da aka karkata ba akan neman ɗaukaka.

Ilimin halin ɗan adam yana nufin musamman ga mutane:

• masu son bincika da tabbatar da su zurfin buri;
• en rikicin tabbas ko wanda ke zaune a babban canji ( ritaya, saki, sabon alkibla, mutuwar wanda ake so, da sauransu);
• a cikin hanyar warkarwa;
• a cikin tsari ko cikin rikici na ruhaniya;
• fama da addiction (giya, kwayoyi, dangantaka). Don motsi na mutum-mutumi, jaraba na iya zama “marasa kyaun tashar” bayyanuwar ƙishirwa ga ƙungiyar tare da “tushen ciki”.

• Dabarun ilimin halin ɗan adam kaɗai ba zai iya zama isasshiyar amsa ga mutanen da ke zaune a ciki ba tsananin damuwa na tunani. Fiye da kai hakika buqata ce, amma buqata ce wadda, aqalla a cewar mawallafin wannan harkar, za a iya samun gamsuwa ne kawai idan na wasu matakan suka kasance, aƙalla kaɗan.
• Yayin inganta cin nasara, ilimin halin ɗan adam yana ƙarfafawa Prudence da sani iyakoki musamman ga yanayin mu na ɗan adam. Har ila yau, yana koya mana cewa don samun alaƙa da sararin samaniya, abin da yake cikin jiki wanda muke zama dole ne ya fara hulɗa da kansa.

Kwararrun ilimin halin dan adam ko masu aikin da hanyarsu ta mutunta ra'ayi na mutum ba dole ba ne su yi amfani da wannan kalmar kuma galibi ba sa nuna kansu a ƙarƙashin wannan lakabin. Yawancin lokaci ana iya samun su a cikin ayyukan da aka tsara, kamar tarurrukan sake haifuwa ko neman hangen nesa, ko ta hanyar tuntuɓar ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da aka ambata a cikin Shafukan Sha'awa.

Cibiyar Nazarin ilimin halin ɗan adam a Palo Alto, California ita ce cibiyar farko don horar da ɗan adam. Wannan makaranta ta ilimin halin dan Adam tana ba da cikakken shiri tun 1975 gami da ƙirar ka'idar gargajiya da na gargajiya. Cibiyar kuma tana ba da shirye-shiryen ilimin nesa.

A cikin Quebec, da Cibiyar Ilimin halin mutum ta Quebec wanda aka kafa a cikin 1985 yana ba da horo na sa'o'i 600 (watanni 18) gami da horon aiki a California.

Ƙungiyar française du transpersonnel a birnin Paris wuri ne na haɗuwa ga waɗanda ke hulɗa da bangarori daban-daban na ruhaniya da sake haifuwa ta jiki. Har ila yau, ya haɗa da Cibiyar Nazarin Halittar Mutum wanda ke ba da tarurrukan bita daban-daban.

Ana iya samun bayanan tuntuɓar a cikin Shafukan Sha'awa.

Descamps Marc-Alain.

Marubucin litattafai da dama a kan wannan batu, gami da waɗannan laƙabi guda biyu: Hangen nesa (a cikin haɗin gwiwar), Éditions Dervy, Faransa, 1995 da Matsayin ruhaniya a cikin psychotherapy (a cikin haɗin gwiwar), Éditions Somatothérapies, Faransa, 1997.

Sunan mahaifi Christina. Kishirwa don rayuwa - Neman ma'ana a cikin zuciyar jaraba, Souffle d'or, Faransa, 1994.

Mawallafin shine abokin haɗin gwiwa, tare da Stanislas Grof, na tsarin numfashi na holotropic.

Babban Stanislas. Ilimin halin dan Adam, Na karanta, Faransa, 2009.

Babban Stanislas. Don ilimin halin ɗan adam na gaba - Canjin tunani da kwanciyar hankali na ciki, Editions Du Rocher, Faransa, 2002.

Likitan hauka, Grof kwararre ne a cikin sauye-sauyen yanayi na sani.

Peltier Pierre. Hanyoyin kwantar da hankali, Editions Fides, Kanada, 1996.

Masanin ilimin tauhidi, masanin falsafa kuma masanin ilimin halin dan Adam, marubucin ya yi bayani sosai a fili tushen ra'ayi na tunanin mutum.

Walsh Roger.

Wannan likita, farfesa na ilimin hauka da falsafa, muhimmin mai tunani ne na motsin mutum. A ciki Hanyoyin farkawa (Le jour, edita, Kanada, 2000, fassarar ta Muhimman Ruhaniya), yana nuna maƙasudin gamayya na ruhi na duniya da kuma fannoni bakwai da ke kai ga sanin ɗabi'a mai tsarki da allahntaka na cikinmu da na duniyar da ke kewaye da mu. Duba kuma Bayan Ƙimar Ƙimar - Nazari na Farko a Ilimin Halitta mai ma'amala (tare da haɗin gwiwar Frances Vaughan), La Table Ronde, Faransa, 1984.

Wilber Ken.

Masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam, masanin falsafa kuma masanin ilimi, Wilber ya wallafa littattafai ashirin a cikin Ingilishi, uku daga cikinsu an fassara su zuwa Faransanci: Tsarin holographic (The Holographic Paradigm), Le jour, mawallafi, Kanada, 1984; Idanun ilimi guda uku (Ido da Ido), Editions Du Rocher, Monaco, 1987; kuma Takaitaccen tarihin komai (Takaitaccen Tarihin Komai), Éditions De Mortagne, Kanada, 1997. An ce ya yi nasara fiye da kowa wajen bude ilimin halin dan Adam zuwa zurfin fahimta na hikimar manyan malamai.

Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru

An kafa shi a cikin 1972, shine tsarin farko na motsi. Takaitaccen bayani da kuma madaidaicin gabatarwar ka'idodin transpersonal. Ta buga The Journal of Transpersonal Psychology.

www.atpweb.org

Ƙungiyar transpersonel ta Faransa

Babban ginshiƙin motsi a duniyar masu magana da Faransanci a Turai. Nassosi masu mahimmanci da nassoshi da yawa.

www.europsy.org

Cibiyar Ilimin halin mutum ta Quebec

An kafa shi a cikin 1985, cibiyar tana ba da shawarwari ɗaya-ɗaya, taron bita na rukuni da horo. Hakanan akwai tunani da yawa game da hanyoyin da ba su dace ba.

www.psychologietranspersonnelle.com

Cibiyar Nazarin Halittar Mutum, Palo Alto, Californie

Cibiyar, wacce aka kafa a cikin 1975, har yanzu tana aiki sosai a fagen ilimi da ci gaba. Domin ci gaba da bayanin abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin harkar.

www.itp.edu

Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Quebec

Babu wata ƙungiya ta transpersonal a Quebec, amma wasu masu yin wannan motsi za a iya isa ta hanyar tsaka-tsakin al'umma na masu ilimin psychotherapists (nau'in transpersonal a cikin injin bincike).

www.sqpp.org