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Har yanzu mun san kadan game da duniyarmu. Wannan lamari ne musamman ga zurfin teku da teku. Amma ko a kasa akwai wuraren da suke mamakin tunanin dan Adam. Misali, mafi zurfin wurare a Duniya. Abin da muka sani game da su da kuma inda mafi ƙasƙanci mafi ƙasƙanci na saman duniya suke - ƙari akan wancan daga baya.
Manyan ramuka ko duwatsu ba su da yawa a rayuwar yau da kullun, amma duniyarmu tana da yanayi daban-daban. Tare da kololuwar tsaunuka, akwai kuma wurare mafi zurfi a duniyarmu na halitta da na mutum.
10 Lake Baikal | 1 642 m
Zai zama kuskure a ɗauka cewa mafi zurfin wurare a duniya suna cikin tekuna da tekuna kawai. Baikal yana da zurfin mita 1 kuma shine mafi zurfi a cikin tafkuna. Saboda haka, mazauna gida sukan kira Baikal teku. An bayyana wannan zurfin ta hanyar tectonic asalin tafkin. Wasu bayanai da yawa da bincike mai ban mamaki suna da alaƙa da wannan wurin. Ana iya kiran Baikal mafi girman tafki na ruwa mai kyau a duniya. Wannan ita ce tafki mafi tsufa a duniyarmu (yana da shekaru sama da miliyan 642) kuma ba a samun kashi biyu bisa uku na flora da fauna na tafki.
9. Kogon Kruber-Voronya | 2 m
Har ila yau, akwai ƙattai a cikin kogo. Kogon Krubera-Voronya (Abkhazia) na cikin wurare mafi zurfi a duniya. Zurfinsa ya kai mita 2. Ya kamata a lura cewa muna magana ne game da sashin kogon da aka yi nazari. Yana yiwuwa balaguro na gaba zai tafi ko da ƙasa kuma ya kafa sabon rikodin zurfi. Kogon karst ya ƙunshi rijiyoyin da aka haɗa ta hanyoyi da ɗakunan ajiya. An fara bude shi a shekara ta 196. Daga nan sai koguna suka iya gangarowa zuwa zurfin mita 1960. An shawo kan katangar mai tsawon kilomita biyu sakamakon balaguron kisa na our country a cikin 95.
8. Towton Min | 4 m
Ma'adinan Tau Tona a Afirka ta Kudu ita ce ma'adinan mafi zurfi a duniya. Tana cikin Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu, ba ta da nisa da Johannesburg. Wannan ma'adinin zinare mafi girma a duniya yana shiga cikin ƙasa tsawon kilomita 4. A wannan zurfin zurfi mai ban mamaki, akwai wani birni na ƙarƙashin ƙasa gabaɗaya tare da hanyar sadarwa na rami mai tsayin kilomita. Don isa wurin aikinsu, masu hakar ma’adinan sun shafe kusan awa guda. Yin aiki a irin wannan zurfin yana da alaƙa da babban adadin haɗari - wannan zafi ne, wanda ya kai 100% a wasu rassan ma'adinai, yawan zafin jiki na iska, haɗarin fashewa daga iskar gas da ke shiga cikin ramuka da rushewa daga girgizar asa, wanda ke faruwa. sau da yawa a nan. Amma duk hatsarori da ke tattare da aiki da kuma kuɗaɗen da ake kashewa wajen kula da ayyukan ma'adinan ana biyansu da karimci daga zinaren da aka haƙa - a duk tarihin wanzuwar ma'adinan, an haƙa ton 1200 na ƙarfe mai daraja a nan.
7. Kola da kyau | 12 m
Rijiyar da ta fi zurfi a duniya ita ce rijiyar Kola mai zurfi, wacce ke kan yankin Rasha. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi sabon abu da kuma ban sha'awa gwaje-gwajen da Soviet masana kimiyya. An fara hakowa a cikin 1970 kuma yana da manufa ɗaya kawai - don ƙarin koyo game da ɓawon burodin Duniya. An zabi yankin Kola domin yin gwajin saboda tsaffin duwatsun Duniya, kimanin shekaru miliyan 3, sun zo saman nan. Sun kuma kasance mai matukar sha'awar masana kimiyya. Zurfin rijiyar ya kai mita 12. Ya ba da damar yin binciken da ba zato ba tsammani tare da tilasta sake yin la'akari da ra'ayoyin kimiyya game da abin da ya faru na duwatsun duniya. Abin takaici, rijiyar, wacce aka kirkira don dalilai na kimiyya kawai, ba ta sami aikace-aikacen ba a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, kuma an yanke shawarar kiyaye ta.
Bugu da ari a cikin jerin wurare mafi zurfi a duniyarmu, za a sami giants na gaske - ramukan ruwa.
6. Izu-Bonin Trench | 9m ku
A cikin 1873-76, jirgin ruwa na Amurka Tuscarora ya gudanar da bincike a kan tekun don shimfida wata igiya ta karkashin ruwa. Da yawa, watsi da tsibirin Japan na Izu, an rubuta zurfin mita 8. Daga baya, Soviet jirgin "Vityaz" a cikin 500 saita matsakaicin zurfin ciki - 1955 mita.
5. Kuril-Kamchatsky Trench | 10 m
Shan taba Kamchatka Trench – Wannan ba wai kawai daya daga cikin mafi zurfin wurare a Duniya ba, bakin ciki kuma shine mafi kunkuntar a Tekun Pasifik. Nisa na gutter shine mita 59, kuma matsakaicin zurfin shine mita 10. Basin yana arewa maso yammacin tekun Pacific. A tsakiyar karni na karshe, Soviet masana kimiyya sun tsunduma a cikin nazarinsa a kan jirgin Vityaz. Ba a sake yin cikakken bincike ba. Jirgin ruwan Amurka Tuscarora ne ya bude magudanar ruwa kuma ya dauki wannan suna na tsawon lokaci har sai da aka sake masa suna.
4. Trench Kermadec | 10 m
Ana zaune a cikin Tekun Pasifik daga tsibirin Kermadec. Matsakaicin zurfin bakin ciki shine mita 10. Binciken jirgin ruwa na Soviet "Vityaz". A cikin 047, a cikin zurfin kilomita 2008 a cikin Kermadec Trench, an gano wani nau'in slugs na teku da ba a san su ba daga dangin katantanwa. Masu binciken sun kuma yi mamakin sauran wuraren zama na wannan wuri mafi zurfi a duniya - manyan crustaceans mai tsawon santimita 7.
3. Philippine Trench | 10 540 m
Maɓallan Filifin yana buɗe saman uku mafi zurfi maki a duniya. Mita 10 - wannan shine zurfinsa. An kafa ta ne shekaru miliyoyi da suka gabata sakamakon karon faranti na duniya. Ana zaune a gabashin tsibirin Philippine. Af, masana kimiyya sun dade sun yi imani cewa mashigar Philippine ita ce mafi zurfi a cikin Tekun Pacific.
2. Trench Tonga | 10 m
Tana kudu maso yammacin Tekun Pasifik, kusa da tsibiran Tonga. Wannan yanki yana da ban sha'awa sosai domin yanki ne mai tsananin girgizar ƙasa. Girgizar ƙasa da yawa suna faruwa a nan kowace shekara. Zurfin gutter shine mita 10. Mita 882 kawai ya fi na Mariana Trench. Bambancin shine kusan kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari, amma ya sanya mashigin Tonga a matsayi na biyu a jerin wurare mafi zurfi a duniya.
1. Mariana Trench | 10 m
Yana yammacin Tekun Pasifik kuma yana da siffar jinjirin wata. Tsawon gutter yana da fiye da kilomita dubu 2,5, kuma mafi zurfi shine mita 10. Ana kiransa da Challenger Deep.
An gano wuri mafi zurfi a duniya a cikin 1875 ta jirgin ruwa na Ingila Challenger. Har ya zuwa yau, bakin ciki shine aka fi yin nazari akan duk sauran ramukan zurfin teku. Sun yi ƙoƙari su isa ƙasa yayin nutsewa huɗu: a cikin 1960, 1995, 2009 da 2012. Lokaci na ƙarshe da darektan James Cameron ya sauko cikin Mariana Trench shi kaɗai. Fiye da duka, kasan kwandon ya tuna masa da duniyar wata mara rai. Amma, ba kamar tauraron dan adam na Duniya ba, Mariana Trench yana zaune a cikin halittu masu rai. Masu bincike sun gano amoebae mai guba, mollusks da kifin zurfin teku a nan waɗanda suke da ban tsoro sosai. Tun da ba a yi cikakken nazarin ramuka ba, sai dai na ɗan gajeren lokaci, Mariana Trench na iya ɓoye abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa.