Alamomin cutar atherosclerosis suna ɓoye shekaru da yawa. Ga alamun gargadi na toshewar arteries

Muna magana ne game da atherosclerosis lokacin da tasoshin jini da ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen da abubuwan gina jiki daga zuciya zuwa sauran jiki suka zama masu kauri da taurin kai, wani lokaci suna takura jini zuwa gabobin jiki da kyallen takarda. Abubuwan haɗari sun haɗa da hawan cholesterol, hawan jini, ciwon sukari, shan taba, kiba, rashin motsa jiki, da cin abinci mai yawan kitse. Atherosclerosis ba tare da magani ba na iya haifar da bugun zuciya ko bugun jini.

1. Yawancin mutane ba su san cewa jikinsu yana haɓaka atherosclerosis ba. Cutar ba ta nuna alamun cutar har sai plaque atherosclerotic ya fashe
2. Duk da haka, yana da kyau a kula da duk wani sigina masu tayar da hankali, musamman ma idan muna cikin haɗari
3. Mutanen da ke da nauyin kwayoyin halitta, high cholesterol da ciwon sukari suna iya shan wahala daga atherosclerosis
4. Kuna iya samun ƙarin irin waɗannan labaran akan shafin gida na TvoiLokony

Menene atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis wani kunkuntar arteries ne saboda tarin tarin plaque akan bangon arteries. Atherosclerotic plaque yana samuwa daga haɗuwa da cholesterol, mai, calcium da sassan jini. Jijiyoyin jini sune hanyoyin jini waɗanda ke ɗaukar jini mai wadatar iskar oxygen daga zuciya zuwa sauran jiki. Lokacin da suka kunkuntar da taurin kai saboda haɓakar plaque, ana iya taƙaita kwararar jini zuwa gabobin jiki da kyallen takarda, wanda zai iya haifar da rikice-rikice masu haɗari da rayuwa kamar bugun jini da bugun zuciya.

Atherosclerosis na iya shafar kowane jijiya a cikin jiki. Lokacin da arteries da ke kaiwa zuwa zuciya suna fama da atherosclerosis, yanayin ana kiransa cutar cututtukan zuciya.

Menene alamun atherosclerosis?

Mafi sau da yawa, atherosclerosis yana shafar tsofaffi, amma yana iya farawa a lokacin samartaka. Tare da atherosclerosis, bayyanar cututtuka yawanci ba sa faruwa har sai plaque ruptures ko jini ya toshe, kuma wannan na iya ɗaukar shekaru masu yawa.

Alamomin cutar atherosclerosis sun dogara ne akan arteries da abin ya shafa.

Alamun atherosclerosis - carotid arteries

Carotid arteries su ne manyan tasoshin jini a cikin wuya wanda ke ba da jini ga kwakwalwa, wuyansa, da fuska. Akwai arteries carotid guda biyu, daya a dama da daya a hagu. A cikin wuyansa, kowane carotid artery rassan zuwa sassa biyu:

1. Jijin carotid na ciki yana ba da jini ga kwakwalwa.
2. jijiyoyin carotid na waje suna ba da jini ga fuska da wuya.

Ƙuntataccen samar da jini na iya haifar da bugun jini.

Alamomin bugun jini na iya zuwa ba zato ba tsammani kuma sun haɗa da:

1. rauni;
2. wahalar numfashi;
3. Ciwon kai;
4. ciwon fuska;
5. inna.

Idan mutum yana da alamun bugun jini, yana buƙatar kulawar gaggawa.

Alamun atherosclerosis - arteries na jijiyoyin jini

Jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini sune arteries waɗanda ke ɗaukar jinin oxygen zuwa tsokar zuciya. Zuciya tana buƙatar ci gaba da samar da iskar oxygen don aiki da rayuwa, kamar kowane nama ko gaɓa a cikin jiki. Jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini sun kewaye duka zuciya, suna rarrabuwa zuwa jijiyar jijiyoyin jini na hagu da kuma jijiyoyin jini na dama. Jijin jini na dama yana ba da jini musamman zuwa gefen dama na zuciya. Bangaren dama na zuciya ya fi karami saboda kawai tana fitar da jini zuwa huhu.

Rage aikin arteries na jijiyoyin jini na iya rage kwararar iskar oxygen da abubuwan gina jiki zuwa zuciya. Wannan ba wai kawai yana shafar samar da tsokar zuciya da kanta ba, yana kuma iya shafar ikon zuciya na harba jini a cikin jiki. Saboda haka, duk wani cuta ko cuta na arteries na jijiyoyin jini na iya yin tasiri mai tsanani ga lafiya, mai yiwuwa ya haifar da angina, ciwon zuciya har ma da mutuwa.

Atherosclerosis a cikin arteries na jini na iya bayyana kamar:

1. ciwon kirji;
2. amai;
3. matsanancin damuwa;
4. tari;
5. suma.

Alamun atherosclerosis - arteries na koda

Jijiyoyin na renal su ne nau'i-nau'i na arteries da ke ba da jini ga koda. Jijin na koda yana ɗaukar kaso mai yawa na jimlar jini zuwa koda. Kamar yadda kashi ɗaya bisa uku na jimillar fitarwar zuciya na iya wucewa ta cikin jijiyoyi na koda kuma ana tace su ta cikin kodan. Idan an takaita yawan jinin da ake kaiwa ga jijiyoyin koda, cututtukan koda na iya tasowa.

Atherosclerosis da ke shafar arteries na koda yana bayyana ta hanyar:

1. asarar ci;
2. kumburi da hannaye da ƙafafu;
3. matsaloli tare da maida hankali.

Alamun atherosclerosis - na gefe arteries

Jijiyoyin jijiya na gefe suna isar da jini mai iskar oxygen zuwa jiki (hannaye, hannaye, ƙafafu, da ƙafafu), kuma veins na gefe suna ɗaukar jinin da ba a so ya fito daga capillaries a kan iyakar baya zuwa zuciya.

Idan jini ba zai iya yawo da kyau a cikinsu ba, mutum na iya jin kunci da zafi a gabobi. A lokuta masu tsanani, mutuwar nama da gangrene na iya faruwa. Ciwon jijiya na gefe kuma yana ƙara haɗarin bugun jini ko bugun zuciya.

Yaushe alamun atherosclerosis ke bayyana?

Abubuwan da ke biyo baya suna daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da atherosclerosis.

1. High cholesterol - wani abu ne da ke faruwa a jikinmu, da kuma wasu abincin da muke ci. Jijiyoyin ku na iya toshe idan cholesterol na jini ya yi yawa. Wadannan arteries suna tauri kuma allunan da ke yin hukunci daga gare su suna takurawa ko toshe yaduwar jini zuwa zuciya da sauran gabobin.
2. Shekaru – Yayin da kuka tsufa, zuciyar ku da tasoshin jini suna aiki tuƙuru don yin famfo da karɓar jini. Jijiyoyin na iya yin tauri kuma su zama ƙasa da sassauƙa, wanda zai sa su fi saurin gina plaque. A cikin mata, haɗarin ya fi girma idan kuna fama da cutar endometriosis ko polycystic ovary syndrome, ko kuma idan kuna da ciwon sukari na ciki ko pre-eclampsia yayin daukar ciki.
3. Hawan jini – A tsawon lokaci, hawan jini na iya lalata bangon arteries ɗin ku, yana barin plaque ya taso.
4. Ciwon sukari – hawan jini na iya lalata yadudduka na ciki na arteries, sa plaque ya taru.
5. Metabolic ciwo - high matakan cholesterol da triglycerides a cikin jini ƙara hadarin atherosclerosis.
6. Abincin mara kyau – Cin abinci mai yawa mai kitse na iya kara yawan cholesterol.
7. Genetics - Kuna iya samun atherosclerosis ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta, musamman ma idan kuna da cututtukan cholesterol da aka gada da ake kira familial hypercholesterolemia.
8. Cututtuka masu kumburi - yawan kumburi na iya harzuka magudanar jini, wanda zai iya haifar da gina jiki (rheumatoid arthritis da psoriasis su ne misalan cututtuka).

Atherosclerosis bayyanar cututtuka - bincike

Sakamakon ganewar cutar atherosclerosis na farko ya dogara ne akan tarihin likita da kuma nazarin jiki, inda likita ya yi amfani da stethoscope don sauraron arteries don rashin jin dadi. Wannan na iya nuna rashin kyautuwar jini saboda haɓakar plaque.

Hanyoyin bincike na yau da kullun don atherosclerosis sun haɗa da:

1. Indexididdigar idon kafa-brachial (ABI) – A yayin wannan gwajin, ana sanya cuffs ɗin hawan jini akan hannuwa da idon sawu. Gwajin ya kwatanta hawan jinin ku a idon sawun ku da wanda ke hannun ku. Wannan shine don bincika atherosclerosis a cikin arteries na ƙafafu da ƙafafu. Bambanci tsakanin ma'aunin hawan jini a idon sawu da hannu na sama na iya zama saboda cututtuka na jijiyoyin jini, wanda yawanci ke haifar da atherosclerosis;
2. gwajin jini – Gwajin jini yana duba matakin wasu kitse, cholesterol, sukari da kuma furotin da ke cikin jini wanda zai iya nuna cututtukan zuciya;
3. electrocardiogram (EKG) - gwajin yana auna aikin zuciya. Yayin gwajin, ana haɗa na'urorin lantarki zuwa ƙirji kuma an haɗa su da sauran na'ura. Sakamakon gwajin zai iya taimakawa wajen ƙayyade idan jini ya ragu zuwa zuciya;
4. echocardiogram - gwaji ne tare da abun wuya na raƙuman sauti don nuna kwararar jini ta cikin zuciya. Ana yin wannan wani lokaci tare da gwajin motsa jiki;
5. Gwajin motsa jiki - a lokacin wannan gwajin, ana yin gwajin motsa jiki, misali a kan keken tuƙi ko kuma a tsaye, kuma a lokaci guda likitoci za su kula da zuciyarsa. Idan mutum ba zai iya motsa jiki ba, ana ba da kwayoyi don ƙara yawan bugun zuciya. Motsa jiki yana sa zuciya da ƙarfi da sauri fiye da yawancin ayyukan yau da kullun, gwajin damuwa na iya bayyana matsalolin zuciya waɗanda ba za a rasa ba;
6. Doppler duban dan tayi - gwajin da aka yi amfani da shi don kimanta kwararar jini ta hanyar jini ta hanyar nuna raƙuman sauti mai girma daga kewaya jajayen ƙwayoyin jini;
7. cardiac catheterization da angiogram – bincike ta hanyar amfani da catheter da saka shi a cikin magudanar jini, yawanci a cikin kugu ko wuyan hannu, zuwa zuciya. Rini yana gudana ta hanyar catheter zuwa cikin arteries da ke cikin zuciya kuma yana taimakawa wajen nunawa arteries a fili a cikin hotunan da aka ɗauka yayin bincike.

A cikin ganewar asali na atherosclerosis, ana iya amfani da wasu gwaje-gwaje, irin su Magnetic resonance angiography ko positron emission tomography (PET). Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya nuna taurare da kunkuntar manyan arteries, da kuma aneurysms.

Atherosclerosis bayyanar cututtuka da magani

Hanyar magani na atherosclerosis ya dogara da yadda yanayin ya kasance mai tsanani da kuma irin alamun cutar atherosclerosis mai haƙuri yana da (wanda arteries ke shafar atherosclerosis).

Jiyya don atherosclerosis sun haɗa da canje-canjen salon rayuwa, magungunan magani, da tiyata. Canza salon rayuwa yawanci shine shawarwarin farko kuma yana iya taimakawa, koda ma mai haƙuri yana buƙatar jiyya daban-daban.

Maganin magungunan ƙwayoyi na atherosclerosis na iya rage hawan jini, inganta matakan cholesterol mara kyau, da kuma rage haɗarin ƙumburi na jini mai haɗari. Daga cikin magungunan da ake amfani da su wajen maganin atherosclerosis, ana amfani da statins da magungunan antihypertensive.

1. Statins - ana amfani da su don rage cholesterol da hana atherosclerosis. Lokaci-lokaci, majiyyaci na iya buƙatar nau'in maganin cholesterol fiye da ɗaya. Daga cikin wasu abubuwan da ake amfani da su don rage ƙwayar cholesterol, niacin, fibrates da kuma bile acid za a iya ambata.
2. Aspirin - Yana rage jini kuma yana hana samuwar jini. Ga wasu mutane, amfani da aspirin na yau da kullun na iya zama wani ɓangare na matakan rigakafin da aka ba da shawarar don bugun zuciya ko bugun jini. Duk da haka, ya kamata ku sani cewa irin wannan amfani da wannan magani zai iya haifar da sakamako daban-daban, ciki har da zubar jini a cikin ciki da kuma hanji.
3. Magunguna don cutar hawan jini - ko da yake waɗannan kwayoyi ba su taimaka wajen kawar da tasirin atherosclerosis ba, suna hana ko magance matsalolin da ke hade da atherosclerosis, alal misali, zasu iya taimakawa wajen rage haɗarin ciwon zuciya.

Bugu da ƙari, a cikin maganin atherosclerosis, ana amfani da wasu magunguna a wasu lokuta idan akwai wasu cututtuka, kamar ciwon sukari yana kara haɗarin atherosclerosis. Hakanan ana amfani da magunguna don wasu alamun cututtukan atherosclerosis, kamar ciwon ƙafafu yayin motsa jiki.

1. Gwada cakuda ganyen Uba Klimuszko don atherosclerosis da taurin jijiyoyin jini

Ya faru, duk da haka, cewa maganin atherosclerosis zai buƙaci wasu jiyya.

1. Angioplasty - ana amfani da shi don magance cututtukan jijiyoyin jijiyoyin da ke shafar ƙafafu, a cikin jijiyoyi na zuciya don magance cututtukan jijiyoyin jini, ko a cikin wuya don magance taurin jijiyoyin carotid. Ya ƙunshi amfani da catheter da saka shi a cikin magudanar jini, yawanci a cikin kunci ko wuyan hannu, sannan a tura shi zuwa wurin da aka toshe. Akwai kubu na musamman a ƙarshen catheter wanda zai iya girma don buɗe jijiya. Likitanka kuma na iya saka ƙaramin bututun raga da ake kira stent don rage haɗarin sake rage jijiyoyi.
2. Tashin ciki - ana amfani da shi don cire plaque atherosclerotic daga bangon jijiya mai kunkuntar.
3. Fibrinolytic magani - yana amfani da magani don narkar da gudan jini wanda ke toshe kwararar jini a cikin jijiya.
4. Tsarin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini (CABG) – Wanda kuma aka fi sani da bypass, wannan shine kawar da lafiyayyen jini daga wani sashe na jiki don samar da wata sabuwar hanya ga jini a cikin zuciya. Daga nan sai jinin ya zagaya kewaye da katange ko kunkuntar jijiyoyin jini. Wannan hanya aikin zuciya ne na budewa. Ana yin wannan ne kawai a cikin mutanen da ke da kunkuntar arteries da yawa a cikin zuciya.

Alamun atherosclerosis - rikitarwa

Rashin magance alamun atherosclerosis na iya haifar da matsaloli masu yawa.

1. Ciwon maganin jinƙai na coronary – Atherosclerosis, wanda ke rage jijiyoyi kusa da zuciya, zaku iya kamuwa da cututtukan jijiyoyin jini, wanda zai iya haifar da ciwon kirji (angina), bugun zuciya ko gazawar zuciya.
2. Ciwon jijiya na gefe - cututtukan da aka ambata na gefen jijiya na faruwa ne daga kunkuntar arteries a cikin hannuwa ko ƙafafu, wanda ke fassara zuwa matsaloli tare da kwararar jini a cikinsu. Mara lafiya ya zama ƙasa da rashin kula da zafi da sanyi, kuma haɗarin ƙonewa ko sanyi yana ƙaruwa. Da wuya, rashin wadatar jini ga hannaye ko ƙafafu na iya haifar da mutuwar nama (gangrene).
3. Carotid stenosis - na iya haifar da harin ischemic na wucin gadi (TIA) ko bugun jini.
4. Aneurysms - Yin watsi da bayyanar cututtuka na atherosclerosis na iya haifar da ci gaban aneurysms, wanda zai iya faruwa a ko'ina cikin jiki. Mafi muni kuma, aneurysms yawanci asymptomatic ne (mutumin da ke da aneurysm zai iya jin zafi a wasu lokuta da bugun jini). Idan aneurysm ya tsage, zai iya haifar da zubar da jini mai haɗari a cikin jiki.
5. Kwarar cutar koda - idan bayyanar cututtuka na atherosclerotic sun shafi jijiyoyin koda, zai iya daina samun isasshen jini mai arzikin oxygen zuwa kodan. Kodan suna buƙatar isasshen jini don tace abubuwan sharar gida da cire ruwa mai yawa. Atherosclerosis na waɗannan arteries na iya haifar da gazawar koda.

Alamun atherosclerosis - rigakafi

Ana iya hana bayyanar cututtuka na atherosclerosis kafin su bayyana, ta hanyar bin wasu dokoki.

1. Aiki na yau da kullum - ana ɗaukar motsa jiki na yau da kullun don inganta haɓakar jini, rage hawan jini da rage haɗarin yanayin da ke ƙara haɗarin atherosclerosis da cututtukan zuciya. Kwararrun kiwon lafiya suna ba da shawarar aƙalla mintuna 150 na matsakaicin ayyukan motsa jiki ko mintuna 75 na ayyukan motsa jiki mai ƙarfi a mako. Duk da haka, ba dole ba ne ka iyakance kanka ga motsa jiki na yau da kullum irin su squats, kawai za ka iya barin hawan hawa da amfani da matakan.
2. Kula da lafiyar lafiya – Rage nauyi yana rage haɗarin cututtukan jijiyoyin jini da ke haifar da atherosclerosis.
3. Dakatar da taba taba - Barin shan taba babbar hanya ce don rage haɗarin rikice-rikice na atherosclerotic kamar bugun zuciya. Wannan shi ne saboda nicotine yana matse hanyoyin jini kuma yana tilasta wa zuciya yin aiki tuƙuru.
4. Healthy Cin - abinci mai lafiya ya kamata ya hada da 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu da hatsi gaba daya. Madadin haka, yakamata ku daina sarrafa carbohydrates, sikari, kitse mai kitse da gishiri. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye nauyin lafiya, hawan jini, cholesterol da sukari na jini.
5. Rage damuwa da yanayin damuwa - Damuwa yana da tasiri sosai a rayuwarmu, kuma masu bincike sunyi imanin cewa yana iya lalata arteries, haifar da kumburi. Bugu da ƙari, hormones da aka saki a cikin jini a lokacin damuwa na iya tayar da cholesterol da hawan jini. Don rage damuwa, yana da daraja yin motsa jiki ba kawai jiki ba, har ma da hankali, ta yin amfani da dabarun shakatawa kamar yoga ko numfashi mai zurfi. Wadannan ayyuka na iya rage hawan jini na ɗan lokaci, rage haɗarin haɓakar atherosclerosis.