Abubuwan da ke faruwa suna kallon dalilin da yasa muke son haɓaka hotunan kafofin watsa labarun mu yayin fama da yuwuwar "kayan kayan shafa" na dijital
"Inganta" hoton waje ya fara a lokacin da mutum na farko ya kalli madubi. Ƙafafun kafa, baƙar hakora, lalata lebe tare da mercury, yin amfani da foda tare da arsenic - zamanin sun canza, da kuma ra'ayi na kyau, kuma mutane sun fito da sababbin hanyoyi don jaddada sha'awa. A zamanin yau, ba za ku ba kowa mamaki da kayan shafa, diddige, tanning, rigar ciki, matsa lamba ko rigar rigar rigar rigar rigar rigar rigar mama. Tare da taimakon hanyoyin waje, mutane suna watsa matsayinsu, duniyar ciki, yanayi ko yanayi zuwa waje.
Koyaya, idan ana maganar hotuna, masu kallo suna shirye su nemo alamun Photoshop don su fallasa wanda ya yi amfani da shi nan da nan. Menene bambanci tsakanin bruises a ƙarƙashin idanu, shafaffe da goga na kayan shafa, da waɗanda hanyar sadarwa mai wayo ta goge? Kuma idan ka duba dalla-dalla, ta yaya yin amfani da gyare-gyare zai shafi halayenmu ga kamanninmu da kuma kamannin wasu?
Photoshop: Farawa
Hotuna ya zama magajin zane, sabili da haka a matakin farko ya kwafi hanyar ƙirƙirar hoto: sau da yawa mai daukar hoto ya kara da abubuwan da suka dace a cikin hoton kuma ya cire abin da ya wuce. Wannan al'ada ce ta al'ada, domin masu zane-zanen da suka zana hotuna daga yanayi kuma sun kula da samfurin su ta hanyoyi da yawa. Rage hanci, kunkuntar kugu, smoothing fitar da wrinkles - buƙatun mutane masu daraja a zahiri bai bar mu mu sami damar gano yadda waɗannan mutane suka kasance a zahiri ba ƙarni da suka wuce. Kamar dai a cikin daukar hoto, sa baki ba koyaushe ya inganta sakamakon ba.
A cikin ɗakunan hotunan hoto, wanda ya fara buɗewa a cikin birane da yawa tare da farkon samar da kyamarori masu yawa, tare da masu daukar hoto, akwai kuma masu gyara a kan ma'aikata. Masanin daukar hoto kuma mai zane Franz Fiedler ya rubuta: “Waɗannan ɗakunan hotunan da suka fi yin amfani da ƙwazo don sake gyarawa an fi so. An shafe fuska a fuska; an share fuskoki gaba ɗaya ta hanyar sake taɓawa; kakanni sun zama 'yan mata matasa; Siffofin halayen mutum sun shafe gaba ɗaya. An ɗauki abin rufe fuska mara komai a matsayin hoto mai nasara. Mummunan dandano bai san iyaka ba, kuma cinikinsa ya bunƙasa.
Da alama matsalar da Fiedler ya rubuta game da shekaru 150 da suka gabata ba ta rasa mahimmancinta ba ko a yanzu.
Gyaran hoto ya kasance koyaushe yana kasancewa azaman mahimman tsari na shirya hoto don bugawa. Ya kasance kuma ya kasance wajibi ne na samarwa, wanda ba tare da wanda bugawa ba zai yiwu ba. Ta hanyar sake gyarawa, alal misali, ba wai kawai sun daidaita fuskokin shugabannin jam’iyyar ba ne, har ma sun cire mutanen da ba su yarda ba a wani lokaci daga cikin hotuna. Duk da haka, idan a baya, kafin tsalle-tsalle na fasaha a cikin ci gaban sadarwa na bayanai, ba kowa ya san game da gyare-gyaren hotuna ba, to, tare da ci gaban Intanet, kowa ya sami damar "zama mafi kyawun sigar kansu".
An saki Photoshop 1990 a cikin 1.0. Da farko, ta biya bukatun masana'antar bugawa. A cikin 1993, shirin ya zo Windows, kuma Photoshop ya shiga wurare dabam dabam, yana ba masu amfani da zaɓuɓɓukan da ba za a iya kwatanta su ba. A cikin shekaru 30 na wanzuwar shirin, shirin ya canza ra'ayinmu game da jikin ɗan adam, saboda yawancin hotunan da muke gani yanzu an sake sake su. Hanyar son kai ta kara wahala. “Yawancin yanayi har ma da rikice-rikicen tunani sun dogara ne akan bambanci tsakanin hotunan ainihin kai da kai mai kyau. Ainihin kai shine yadda mutum yake ganin kansa. Madaidaicin kai shine abin da yake so ya zama. Mafi girman rata tsakanin waɗannan hotuna guda biyu, mafi girman rashin gamsuwa da kai, ”in ji Daria Averkova, masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, kwararre a asibitin CBT, kan matsalar.
Kamar daga murfin
Bayan ƙirƙirar Hotunan Hotuna, gyaran hoto mai tsauri ya fara samun ƙarfi. An fara ɗaukar yanayin da mujallu masu sheki, waɗanda suka fara gyara jikunan samfuran da suka rigaya, suna ƙirƙirar sabon ma'auni na kyakkyawa. Gaskiya ta fara canzawa, idon ɗan adam ya saba da canonical 90-60-90.
Tauraruwar Titanic Kate Winslet ta fito fili ta zargi GQ da sake gyara hotonta a fili. Jarumar, wacce ke inganta kyawawan dabi'u, ta kara rage kwatangwalo da tsawaita kafafunta don kada ta kara kama kanta. Wasu wallafe-wallafen sun yi maganganun Timid "don" yanayin halitta. Alal misali, a cikin 2003, Faransa Elle sanya raw hotuna na actresses Monica Bellucci da Eva Herzigova a kan murfin, wanda, haka ma, ba sa kayan shafa. Duk da haka, ƙarfin hali don yin watsi da kyakkyawan hoto bai isa ga dukkanin kafofin watsa labaru ba. A cikin ƙwararrun mahalli na masu sakewa, har ma da kididdigar nasu na sassan jikin da aka fi gyara akai-akai sun bayyana: sun kasance idanu da kirji.
Yanzu "Plumsy Photoshop" ana daukar mummunan tsari a cikin sheki. Yawancin tallan tallace-tallace an gina su ba akan rashin daidaituwa ba, amma akan lahani na jikin mutum. Ya zuwa yanzu, irin waɗannan hanyoyin haɓakawa suna haifar da zazzafar muhawara a tsakanin masu karatu, amma an riga an sami sauye-sauye masu kyau ga dabi'a, wanda ke zama yanayi. Ciki har da a matakin majalisa - a cikin 2017, kafofin watsa labaru na Faransa sun zama dole su sanya alamar "sake" akan hotuna ta amfani da Photoshop.
Sake taɓawa akan dabino
Ba da daɗewa ba, sake gyara hoto, wanda ba a yi mafarkin ba daga ƙwararru a cikin 2011s, ya zama samuwa ga kowane mai wayar hannu. An kaddamar da Snapchat a 2013, FaceTune a 2016, da FaceTune2 a 2016. Takwarorinsu sun mamaye App Store da Google Play. A cikin XNUMX, Labarun sun bayyana a kan dandalin Instagram (mallakar Meta - an san shi a matsayin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma an haramta shi a cikin ƙasarmu), kuma bayan shekaru uku masu haɓakawa sun kara da ikon yin amfani da matattara da masks zuwa hoton. Waɗannan abubuwan sun nuna farkon sabon zamanin gyaran hoto da bidiyo a dannawa ɗaya.
Duk wannan ya tsananta yanayin haɗin kai na bayyanar ɗan adam, wanda farkon wanda ake la'akari da shekarun 1950 - lokacin haihuwar aikin jarida mai sheki. Godiya ga Intanet, alamun kyau sun zama abin duniya. A cewar masanin tarihi mai kyau Rachel Weingarten, kafin wakilan kabilu daban-daban sun yi mafarki ba iri ɗaya ba: mutanen Asiya sun yi marmarin fatar dusar ƙanƙara, 'yan Afirka da Latinos sun yi alfahari da kwatangwalo, kuma Turawa sun dauki sa'a don samun manyan idanu. Yanzu siffar mace mai kyau ta zama gama gari har an shigar da ra'ayoyin ra'ayoyi game da kamanni a cikin saitunan aikace-aikacen. Ƙaƙƙarfan gira, cikakkun lebe, kyan gani mai kama da kyan gani, babban cheekbones, ƙaramin hanci, ƙwanƙwasa kayan shafa tare da kibau - don duk nau'ikan aikace-aikacen su, tacewa da masks suna nufin abu ɗaya - ƙirƙirar hoton cyborg guda ɗaya.
Sha'awar irin wannan manufa ta zama mai haifar da matsalolin tunani da na jiki da yawa. "Da alama amfani da matattara da abin rufe fuska yakamata suyi wasa a hannunmu kawai: kun sake gyara kanku, kuma yanzu halin ku na dijital akan hanyoyin sadarwar zamantakewa ya riga ya kusantar da kanku. Akwai ƙarancin da'awar kanka, ƙarancin damuwa - yana aiki! Amma matsalar ita ce, mutane ba kawai na zahiri ba ne, har ma da rayuwa ta gaske, ”in ji masanin ilimin likitanci Daria Averkova.
Masana kimiyya sun lura cewa Instagram daga mafi kyawun hanyar sadarwar zamantakewa sannu a hankali yana juyawa zuwa mai guba mai guba, yana watsa kyakkyawar rayuwa wacce ba ta wanzu. Ga mutane da yawa, ciyarwar app ɗin baya kama da kundi na hoto mai kyau, amma ƙaƙƙarfan nunin nasarori, gami da gabatar da kai. Bugu da ƙari, cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a sun kara yawan kallon kallon su a matsayin wata hanyar da za ta iya samun riba, wanda ya kara tsananta halin da ake ciki: ya zama cewa idan mutum ba zai iya kama da kamala ba, ana zargin ya rasa kudi da dama.
Duk da cewa cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a suna da mummunar tasiri ga lafiyar tunanin mutum da yawa, akwai masu goyon baya da yawa na "inganta" da gangan tare da taimakon masu tacewa. Masks da aikace-aikacen gyare-gyare madadin su ne madadin tiyata na filastik da kayan kwalliya, ba tare da wanda ba zai yuwu a cimma fuskar Instagram ba, kamar tauraruwar wannan hanyar sadarwar zamantakewa Kim Kardashian ko babban samfurin Bella Hadid. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa Intanet ta tayar da hankali da labarin cewa Instagram zai cire abin rufe fuska da ke karkatar da girman fuska daga amfani, kuma yana son sanya duk hotuna da aka sake gyara a cikin abincin tare da tambari na musamman har ma da ɓoye su.
Tace kyakkyawa ta tsohuwa
Abu daya ne lokacin da mutumin da kansa ya yanke shawarar gyara selfie, kuma wani abu ne lokacin da wayar hannu ta yi ta tare da aikin sake gyara hoton da aka shigar ta tsohuwa. A wasu na'urori, ko da ba za a iya cire shi ba, sai ɗan “bebe”. Labarai sun bayyana a kafafen yada labarai tare da taken "Samsung yana tunanin kun kasance munana", wanda kamfanin ya amsa cewa wannan sabon zaɓi ne kawai.
A Asiya da Koriya ta Kudu, kawo hoton hoto zuwa manufa shine ainihin gama gari. Santsi na fata, girman idanu, yawan lebe, lanƙwasa kugu - duk wannan ana iya daidaita shi ta amfani da madaidaitan aikace-aikacen. Har ila yau, 'yan mata suna yin amfani da sabis na likitocin filastik, waɗanda ke ba da bayyanar su "ƙasa da Asiya", kusa da ka'idodin kyawawan Turai. Idan aka kwatanta da wannan, sake gyara m wani nau'in haske ne na yin famfo da kanka. Sha'awa yana da mahimmanci ko da lokacin yin rajista don ƙa'idar ƙawance. Sabis ɗin Koriya ta Kudu Amanda ya “tsalle” mai amfani kawai idan waɗanda suka riga sun zauna a cikin aikace-aikacen sun amince da bayanin martabarsa. A cikin wannan mahallin, ana ganin zaɓin gyara tsoho a matsayin ƙarin fa'ida fiye da mamayewa na sirri.
Matsalar tacewa, abin rufe fuska, da aikace-aikacen sake kunnawa na iya zama cewa suna sa mutane suyi kyau daidai gwargwado ta hanyar dacewa da kamannin mutum ɗaya zuwa daidaitaccen ma'auni. Sha'awar faranta wa kowa rai yana haifar da asarar kansa, matsalolin tunani da kin kamanni. An kafa fuskar Instagram akan ginshiƙin kyau, ban da duk wani sabani a cikin hoton. Duk da cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan duniya ta juya zuwa ga dabi'a, wannan har yanzu ba nasara ba ne a kan gyaran gyare-gyare mai guba, saboda "kyakkyawan dabi'a", wanda ke nuna sabo da matasa, kuma ya kasance mutum ne, kuma "kayan kwalliya ba tare da kayan shafa" ba. fita daga fashion.