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Layuka sun sami sunansu saboda dalili: they grow in rows or large groups. These fruiting bodies can be found throughout the Federation in the temperate forest zone. It is known that all types of rows are autumn mushrooms. Among them there are both edible and inedible and even poisonous representatives. Mushroom pickers with experience appreciate the rows very much, because they have high taste qualities, and also lend themselves well to various processing processes. However, first of all, you need to know what this or that type of this fruiting body looks like.
Bayani da rarraba raƙuman ruwan rawaya-launin ruwan kasa
Ryadovka rawaya-launin ruwan kasa - naman gwari na agaric na kowa na dangin Ryadovkovye. An lasafta shi a matsayin yanayin da ake ci, amma akwai kafofin da ke kiran wannan jikin mai 'ya'yan itace mara amfani kuma har ma da guba.
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Da ke ƙasa akwai hoto da bayanin layin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa.
Sunan Latin: Tricholoma rawaya.
Iyali: Na yau da kullun.
Kamancin: Tricholoma flavobrunneum, rawaya-launin ruwan kasa jere, launin ruwan kasa-rawaya, ja-launin ruwan kasa, ruwan kasa. A cikin mutane, irin wannan nau'in naman gwari kuma ana kiransa plantain da goro zuma agaric.
Biyu: ba ya nan.
line: diamita 4-10 cm, wani lokacin akwai samfurori tare da hular 15 cm. Siffar tana da zagaye-conical, tare da shekaru ya zama sujada da wavy, tubercle yana bayyane a tsakiyar. A cikin samfurori na matasa, gefuna na iyakoki suna ɓoye a ciki, a cikin tsofaffin samfurori an murƙushe su. Kula da launi na hular rawaya-launin ruwan kasa da aka nuna a cikin hoton:
Kamar yadda kake gani, launinsa yana da kyau sosai - rawaya-orange, ja-launin ruwan kasa ko ja, a tsakiyar inuwa koyaushe ya fi duhu. A kan tuntuɓar, ana jin saman hular ya zama santsi da bushewa, amma a cikin yanayin rigar ya zama mai sheki da kuma zamewa.
Kafa: high, har zuwa 15 cm, fibrous, m, bushe, santsi. Launi yana kama da inuwar hula, kuma lokacin da aka jika, saman ya zama m.
Ɓangaren litattafan almara m, matsakaici na jiki, fari ko rawaya. Ƙanshin farin ciki ne, mai laushi, kusan ba a iya ganewa, dandano yana da ɗaci. Naman kafa yana da fibrous, fari ko launin rawaya.
Records: fadi sosai, girma-girma, sau da yawa ko da wuya wurin. Dangane da bayanin jeri mai launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa, launi na faranti shine haske ko kirim, ana iya lura da ɗan ƙaramin rawaya rawaya. Tare da shekaru, sun zama cikakke launin ruwan kasa ko kuma sun zama mottled tare da launi mai dacewa.
Daidaitawa: naman gwari na nau'in 4 na yanayin da ake ci, duk da haka, waɗanda suka gwada shi suna lura da wani ɗaci mara daɗi a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara.
Kamanceceniya da bambance-bambance: Masu tsinin naman kaza waɗanda ba su da gogewa na iya rikitar da “kyawun rawaya-launin ruwan kasa” tare da jerun poplar (Tricholoma populinum) – nau’in naman kaza da ake ci da yanayin yanayi. Duk da haka, na karshen yana da tushe mai kauri, farar fata kuma yana girma a kusa da poplars.
Yaɗa: Arewacin Amurka, yankunan yamma da gabashin Turai, Tsakiya da Arewacin kasarmu, Urals da Gabas mai Nisa. Gudun ruwan rawaya-kasa-kasa na naman kaza ya fi son dazuzzukan dazuzzuka da gauraye. Yana girma a cikin rukuni daga Agusta zuwa Oktoba. Fruiting yana da yawa ko da yaushe, jikin 'ya'yan itace da kansa yana jure wa fari da kyau.
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Zinariya jere: hoto, bayanin da rarrabawa
Zinariya jere (Tricholoma auratum) - naman kaza mai ƙima mai ƙarancin inganci, fasalin wanda shine sakin droplets na ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Yana da sauƙin gane wannan jikin 'ya'yan itace, yawancin masu tsinin naman gwari sun yi iƙirarin cewa kusan ba zai yiwu a rikita shi da wasu nau'in ba.
Bayanin da ke gaba da hoto na jere na zinariya zai taimake ka ka fahimci bayyanar da siffofin girma.
Sunan Latin: Tricholoma auratum.
Iyali: Na yau da kullun.
line: daga 6 zuwa 10 cm a diamita, convex tare da birgima gefuna. Yayin da suke girma, hular ta zama sujada tare da tubercle a tsakiya. Fuskar tana da siffa mai launi orange-yellow, kuma ana iya ganin wuri mai duhu-launin ruwan kasa-orange a tsakiyar. Tare da farkon ruwan sama, zaku iya lura da yadda saman hular ke zama slimy da m.
Kafa: yana da yankin faɗin ma'aunin ja-orange. Bugu da ƙari, ƙafar naman gwari na zinare yana fitar da ɗigon ruwan 'ya'yan itace, wanda shine siffarsa.
Ɓangaren litattafan almara m, fari, yana da ƙamshi mai laushi mai laushi da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci.
Records: rare, bakin ciki, fari.
Daidaitawa: An rarraba shi azaman naman kaza mai ƙarancin inganci, duk da haka, saboda ɓangaren litattafan almara mai ɗaci, ana ɗaukarsa nau'in ƙarancin guba mara-ci kuma mai guba.
Yaɗa: a ko'ina cikin yanayin zafi na arewacin hemisphere.
Hoton ya nuna cewa layin zinare yana girma a rukuni a cikin gandun daji na coniferous da gauraye. Har ila yau, irin wannan nau'in jikin 'ya'yan itace ya fi son kasa mai arziki a cikin lemun tsami, wani lokacin yana girma guda ɗaya. Lokacin tsintar naman kaza yana farawa a watan Yuli kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa Oktoba.
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Gudun ruwa mai hange (Lepista gilva) ko mai magana mai launin ruwan rawaya (Clitocybe gilva)
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A cewar wata majiya. ruwan kwale-kwale (Lipista gilva) Anyi la'akari da jin daɗin jin daɗi ko sharaɗi, yayin da wasu kafofin kasashen waje suke kiransa guba. Duk da haka, yawancin masana kimiyyar mycologists sun yarda cewa wannan naman kaza har yanzu yana ci, amma ba shi da daraja sosai saboda ƙarancin dandano. A wannan batun, jeri mai tabo ruwa ko mai magana mai launin ruwan rawaya a yau, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba kasafai ake tattarawa ba.
Sunan Latin: Ka shawo kanta.
Iyali: Na yau da kullun.
Kamancin: mai magana mai launin ruwan rawaya, jeri mai ruwan rawaya-rawaya, Paralepista gilva, Clitocybe gilva.
line: mai girma sosai, 4-10 cm a diamita, wani lokacin har zuwa 15 cm, lebur, tare da ɗan ƙaramin tubercle mai gani a tsakiya. Tsofaffin samfuran suna da hula mai sifar mazurari, gefunansa koyaushe suna kasancewa a ɓoye. Canjin launi, sau da yawa mara iyaka, fata mai launin ruwan kasa, rawaya-orange, ja, launin ruwan kasa-rawaya. Bayan lokaci, saman zai iya yin faɗuwa zuwa mai tsami, kusan launin fari, sau da yawa tare da tsatsa.
Kafa: a takaice, har zuwa 5 cm tsayi kuma har zuwa 0,5 lokacin farin ciki, ko da, cylindrical, dan kadan kunkuntar a kasa, fibrous, na roba. Launin kafa na layin da aka hange ruwa daidai yake da na hula.
Ɓangaren litattafan almara in mun gwada da bakin ciki, mai yawa, mai tsami ko rawaya. Kamshin yana da daɗin anise, ɗanɗanon nama yana ɗan ɗaci. Wasu masu saran naman kaza suna lura cewa jikin 'ya'yan itacen yana fitar da ƙamshi mai ƙarfi mai kama da turare.
Records: bakin ciki, akai-akai, kunkuntar, mai saukowa mai karfi, da wuya a yi cokali mai yatsa. A cikin matasa, launi na faranti fari ne, kuma tare da shekaru sun zama launin rawaya har ma da launin ruwan kasa, wani lokaci ƙananan ƙananan tabo suna bayyana a saman su.
Daidaitawa: babu ma'anar ma'ana. Tattaunawa game da yadda ake ci na layin ruwa mai tabo ko mai magana mai launin ruwan rawaya ya ci gaba har wa yau. An rarraba shi azaman nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in abinci da kuma nau'in da ba a iya ci.
Kamanceceniya da bambance-bambance: za a iya rikita batun tare da ja layi (Lepista inversa). Na karshen, ko da yake yana girma a cikin irin wannan yanayi, har yanzu ya bambanta a cikin launi mai duhu na hula.
Yaɗa: Layukan da aka haɗe da ruwa suna tsiro a rukuni, suna yin “zoben mayu”, a cikin gandun daji masu gauraye da na coniferous. Yana ba da 'ya'ya daga tsakiyar lokacin rani zuwa kusan ƙarshen kaka. Ana lura da kololuwar ayyukan naman gwari daga ƙarshen Agusta zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba.