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Don share rikitattun alaƙar mutum, don jimre wa jaraba, don jin ƙarin ƙarfin gwiwa, tsira da baƙin ciki, canza rayuwarmu… Tare da irin waɗannan buƙatun, kowannenmu na iya neman shawarar ƙwararru. Amma tambayar ita ce: da wanne daga cikin ƙwararrun aikin zai fi tasiri? Mu yi kokarin gano bambancin da ke tsakanin masanin ilimin halin dan Adam da mai ilimin halin dan Adam da kuma likitan kwakwalwa.
Mutane da yawa suna rikitar da masana ilimin halayyar dan adam da masu ilimin halin dan Adam. Bari mu fuskanta: ƙwararrun da kansu ba koyaushe suke raba ayyukansu ba kuma koyaushe ba za su iya bayyana bambanci tsakanin shawarwari da masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da zaman jiyya ba. Misali, ƙwararrun masu ba da shawara Rollo May da Carl Rogers sun kalli waɗannan hanyoyin a matsayin masu musanyawa.
A gaskiya ma, duk waɗannan ƙwararrun suna shiga cikin «tattaunawar warkarwa», suna shiga cikin hulɗar kai tsaye tare da abokin ciniki don taimaka masa ya canza halayensa da halayensa.
Carl Rogers ya ce: "Ya kasance al'ada ce a kira"nasiha" guda ɗaya kuma na zahiri," in ji Carl Rogers, "da kuma ƙarin tuntuɓar da aka daɗe da nufin sake tsara halin mutum mai zurfi ta hanyar kalmar "psychotherapy" ... Amma a bayyane yake cewa nasiha mai zurfi da nasara ba ta bambanta da tsattsauran ra'ayi da nasara ba.1.
Duk da haka, akwai dalilai na bambancin su. Bari mu yi kokarin ganin bambanci tsakanin kwararru.
Bambanci tsakanin mai ilimin halin dan Adam da mai ilimin halin dan Adam da likitan kwakwalwa
Daya daga cikin masana ilimin halayyar dan adam a shafukan sada zumunta cikin zolaya ya bayyana bambancin kamar haka: “Idan ka kalli mutumin da ya fusata ka, ba za ka iya bayyana ra’ayinka da tunaninka ba” ya buga masa kasko da kaskon soya! ”- kuna buƙatar masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. Idan kun riga kun kawo kwanon frying a kansa, ya kamata ku ga likitan ilimin psychotherapist. Idan kun riga kun buga kansa da kwanon soya kuma ba za ku iya tsayawa ba, lokaci ya yi da za ku ga likitan kwakwalwa.
Masanin ilimin halin dan Adam-mai ba da shawara
Wannan ƙwararren masani ne wanda yake da ilimi mai zurfi, amma ba a horar da shi a cikin ilimin halin ɗan adam ba kuma ba shi da madaidaicin takardar shaidar da ke ba shi damar shiga ayyukan psychotherapeutic.
Masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam yana gudanar da shawarwari, inda ya taimaka wa abokin ciniki ya fahimci wani nau'i na yanayin rayuwa, yawanci yana hade da dangantaka tsakanin mutane. Shawarar ilimin halayyar dan adam na iya iyakance ga taro ɗaya da kuma nazarin takamaiman batu, alal misali, "yaro yana kwance", "Ni da mijina kullum rantsuwa", ko kuma tarurruka da yawa na iya ci gaba, yawanci har zuwa 5-6.
A cikin aiwatar da aikin, masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam yana taimaka wa baƙonsa don fahimtar tunani, ji, bukatu, al'amuran, ta yadda za a sami tsabta da ikon yin ayyuka masu ma'ana da ma'ana. Babban hanyar tasirinsa ita ce zance da aka gina ta wata hanya.1.
Psychotherapist
Wannan ƙwararren masani ne wanda yake da babban ilimin likitanci da (ko) ilimin tunani. Ya sami horo a cikin ilimin halin ɗan adam (aƙalla shekaru 3-4) wanda ya haɗa da jiyya na mutum da aiki a ƙarƙashin kulawar ƙwararren ƙwararren. Masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam yana aiki a wata hanya ("Gestalt far", "maganin-halayen farfaɗo", "tsawon ilimin halin ɗan adam"), ta amfani da dabaru daban-daban.
Psychotherapy an ƙera shi ne musamman don magance zurfafan matsalolin mutum, waɗanda ke haifar da mafi yawan matsalolin rayuwarsa da rikice-rikice. Ya haɗa da aiki tare da rauni, da kuma tare da ilimin cututtuka da yanayin iyaka, amma ta amfani da hanyoyin tunani.
"Abokan ciniki na mai ba da shawara game da masu ba da shawara ga masu ba da shawara ga wasu a cikin fitowar rayuwarsu," in ji Yulia Aleshina. Abokan ciniki masu zurfin aiki suna iya damuwa game da rashin iyawarsu don sarrafawa da daidaita jihohinsu, buƙatu, da sha'awarsu.
Waɗanda suke zuwa wurin likitan ilimin halin ɗan adam sukan yi magana game da matsalolinsu kamar haka: “Ba zan iya kame kaina ba, ina saurin fushi, koyaushe ina yi wa mijina tsawa” ko kuma “Ina kishin matata sosai, amma ni. ban tabbata da cin amanarta ba."
A cikin tattaunawa tare da likitan ilimin psychotherapist, ba kawai ainihin yanayin dangantakar abokin ciniki ba ne kawai, har ma da abin da ya gabata - abubuwan da suka faru na yara mai nisa, matasa.
Psychotherapy, kamar nasiha, yana nuna rashin magani, wato, tasirin tunani. Amma tsarin jiyya yana dadewa ba tare da misaltuwa ba kuma yana mai da hankali kan mutane da yawa ko ma ɗaruruwan tarurruka sama da shekaru masu yawa.
Bugu da ƙari, masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da mai ilimin halin ɗan adam na iya tura abokin ciniki da ake zargi da samun cutar tabin hankali ga likitan hauka, ko aiki tare da na ƙarshe a daidai.
Psychiatrist
Wannan ƙwararren masani ne wanda ke da ilimin likitanci mafi girma. Menene bambanci tsakanin likitan hauka da likitan kwakwalwa? Likitan hauka likita ne wanda ke tantance ko mara lafiya yana da tabin hankali. Yana bincika kuma yana kula da waɗanda yanayin tunaninsu ko tsinkayensu na gaskiya ya rikice, halayensu suna cutar da mutum ko wasu mutane. Ba kamar mai ilimin halin ɗan adam da mai ilimin halin ɗan adam (wanda ba shi da ilimin likita), yana da hakkin ya rubuta da rubuta magunguna.
Masanin ilimin halin dan Adam
Wannan ilimin ilimin halayyar dan adam ne wanda ya mallaki hanyar psychoanalysis, memba na kungiyar PSYSTOLYTIC (IPA). Ilimin ilimin halin ɗan adam yana ɗaukar aƙalla shekaru 8-10 kuma ya haɗa da ilimin ka'idar da horo na asibiti, shekaru masu yawa na bincike na sirri (aƙalla sau 3 a mako) da kulawa na yau da kullun.
Binciken yana da tsayi sosai, akan matsakaicin shekaru 4 7. Babban burinsa shi ne don taimaka wa majiyyaci ya fahimci rikice-rikicen da ba su sani ba (wanda ke ɓoye abubuwan da ke haifar da halayen halayensa da matsalolin tunaninsa) da kuma samun "I" balagagge. Wani nau'i mai sauƙi na bincike shine maganin psychoanalytic (har zuwa shekaru 3-4). A takaice, nasiha.
Masanin ilimin psychoanalyst mai ba da shawara ya bambanta da masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam saboda yana amfani da dabaru da dabaru na psychoanalytic, yana nazarin mafarkai da ƙungiyoyi. Wani muhimmin fasali na aikinsa shine kulawa ta musamman ga dangantaka da abokin ciniki, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi dangane da canja wuri da kuma rashin daidaituwa a matsayin daya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin zurfafawa da fadada yiwuwar tasiri.
Binciken zurfin yadudduka na psyche yana haifar da fahimtar abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtuka da hali kuma suna taimakawa wajen magance matsalolin sirri.
Masana ilimin halayyar dan adam, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam da masu ilimin halin dan Adam suna amfani da hanyoyi da dabaru daban-daban kuma ba koyaushe suke magana da harshe ɗaya ba. Kuma duk da haka suna raba manufa ɗaya, wanda masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam Rollo May ya tsara kamar haka: "Aikin mai ba da shawara shine jagorantar abokin ciniki don ɗaukar alhakin ayyukansa da sakamakon ƙarshe na rayuwarsa."
Littattafai 3 kan batun:
1 Carl Rogers Counseling da Psychotherapy
2 Yulia Aleshina "Shawarwari na mutum da iyali"