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Idan har yanzu ba ku kama wani Pokémon ba tukuna, yana yiwuwa saboda ku ne Pokémon. A'a, watakila wannan ya yi kama da yawa. Ba za a iya samun Pokémon ba. Amma ba shi yiwuwa a yi tsayayya da jaraba don gano dalilin da yasa wannan sha'awar ta kama duniya duka da kuma irin sakamakon da zai haifar. Mu a Psychology mun yanke shawarar gamsar da sha'awarmu ta hanyar komawa ga masananmu.
Adam Barkworth daga Stockport, UK yana da Autism. Yanzu yana da shekaru goma sha bakwai, kuma shekaru biyar da suka gabata bai bar gidan ba kuma da wuya ya shiga dangi a teburin gama gari. Sautunan da ba zato ba tsammani, motsi ba zato ba tsammani, da kuma gaba ɗaya duk abin da ya saba wa tsarin da ba ya canzawa wanda ya kafa a ɗakinsa, ya haifar da tashin hankali har ma da tashin hankali a cikinsa.
Amma a farkon watan Agusta, Adam ya ɗauki wayar hannu ya tafi wurin shakatawa da ke kusa don kama Pokemon. Kuma a kan hanya, ya kuma yi musayar wasu kalmomi (kusan a karo na farko a rayuwarsa!) Tare da baƙo - yarinya wanda kuma ya tafi "farauta". Mahaifiyar Adamu, Jen, ba za ta iya hana hawayenta ba sa’ad da take magana game da hakan: “Wannan wasan ya dawo mini da ɗana. Tayar da Adamu zuwa rai."
Labarin Adam wanda aka nuna a gidan talabijin na BBC, ya ji daɗin dukan duniya, kuma, tabbas, ya zama ƙarin talla don wasan Pokemon Go. Wanda, duk da haka, baya buƙatar wani talla: fiye da mutane miliyan 100 sun riga sun buga shi. Akwai, ba shakka, labarai da yawa tare da kishiyar alamar. Wani matashi, wanda ya sha'awar neman Pokemon, ya sami mota, wata yarinya, wanda wasan ya kawo shi a bakin kogin da ba kowa, ya yi tuntuɓe a kan wani mutumin da aka nutsar ... Babu shakka fa'idodi da lahani sun cancanci tattaunawa. Amma da farko ina so in fahimci wane irin wasa ne, wanda yake mayar da ku zuwa rayuwa kuma yana tura ku ga mutuwa.
Babu wani sabon abu?
Abin ban mamaki, babu wani sabon abu a cikin Pokemon Go. Haka ne, ba kamar sauran wasanni na kwamfuta ba, baya ƙarfafa numbness a gaban mai saka idanu, amma aikin jiki: don kama Pokemon, dole ne ku yi tafiya a cikin tituna, kuma ku "yanke" su daga qwai (akwai yiwuwar). - don shawo kan kilomita da yawa. Amma babu budewa a nan. "Nintendo, "iyaye" na Pokemon, ya fito da na'urar wasan bidiyo na Wii shekaru 10 da suka wuce, wanda aka tsara don wasanni masu aiki: ƙungiyoyin mai kunnawa a cikin sararin samaniya suna daidaitawa tare da abubuwan da suka faru a kan allo," in ji Yerbol Ismailov, masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam wanda ke nazarin shahararsa. Pokemon Go.
Yana da wahala ka nisanci lokacin da duk wanda ka sani, kawai kunna kwamfutarka ko wayar ka, suna yunƙurin yin fahariya game da nasarar da suka samu na kama Pokemon.
Misali, wasan tennis akan Wii, kuna buƙatar murɗa joystick kamar raket kuma ku bi motsin abokin gaba da ƙwallon ƙwallon akan allon. "Gaskiyar haɓakawa", wanda dangane da wasan Pokemon Go yana nufin sanya Pokemon kama-da-wane tsakanin abubuwan gaskiyar zahiri, shima bai bayyana jiya ba. Komawa a cikin 2012, Niantic (mai haɓaka fasaha na Pokemon Go) ya saki wasan Ingress. "Tuni ya yi amfani da haɗin hotuna guda biyu - abubuwa masu kama da bayanai daga kyamarar wayar - don ƙirƙirar filin wasa," in ji masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam Natalia Bogacheva, ƙwararre a wasannin kwamfuta. "Game da zagayawa cikin birni, injiniyoyin wasan na waɗannan wasannin biyu kusan iri ɗaya ne."
Kuma abubuwan da ke cikin wasan ba sabon abu bane kwata-kwata. Wasannin kwamfuta da zane-zane masu ban dariya da ke nuna "dodanin aljihu" (kamar yadda kalmar pokemon ke nufi - daga dodo na aljihu na Turanci) an sake su tun 1996. Amma watakila wannan yana daya daga cikin asirin nasara. “Babban masu sauraron wasan su ne matasa ‘yan kasa da shekara 30. Wato, kawai waɗanda suka fuskanci farkon guguwar Pokemon shekaru goma sha biyar da suka wuce, - Yerbol Ismailov ya lura, - kuma suna da masaniya game da tarihi da sararin samaniya na Pokemon. A taƙaice, wasan yana jan hankalin ƙuruciyarsu.
Kar mu manta da social mediawanda a yau ya zama mazaunin halitta a gare mu a matsayin ainihin duniya. Da fari dai, yana da wahala ka nisanci lokacin da duk abokanka, dole ne mutum ya kunna kwamfuta ko waya, suna yunƙurin yin fahariya game da nasarar da suka samu na kama Pokemon. Na biyu kuma, nasarar da muka samu a wasan nan da nan tana ƙara ikon mu a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar zamantakewa. Bugu da ƙari, hotunan da aka ɗauka tare da kyamarar wayar hannu ta Pokemon mai ban dariya a cikin yanayi na ainihi gaba ɗaya yana da ban dariya sosai kuma yana tattara yawancin "so". Mahimmanci, ta hanya, abin ƙarfafawa.
Mafi kyawun Kwarewa
Wani bayani game da shahararren wasan, a cewar Natalia Bogacheva, shine ma'auni na sauƙi da rikitarwa: “Wasan a zahiri baya buƙatar koya. Abinda kawai zai iya zama da wahala a farko shine "jifa" kwallayen tarko («Pokeballs»). Amma a daya bangaren, a cikin matakai na gaba dole ne ku mallaki dabaru da dabaru da yawa.
Ana daidaita ma'auni tsakanin haɓaka ƙwarewa da ayyuka waɗanda ke buƙatar magance su. Godiya ga wannan, mai kunnawa yana nutsewa a cikin yanayin «gudanar ruwa» - cikakken sha, lokacin da muka rasa ma'anar lokaci, narke cikin abin da muke yi, yayin da muke fuskantar jin daɗin jin daɗi da gamsuwa.
Ma'anar "flow" Masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi ya gabatar da mafi kyawun ƙwarewar tunani1, kuma masu bincike da yawa sun lura cewa sha'awar fuskantar wannan jihar akai-akai yana daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke motsa masu sha'awar wasanni na kwamfuta. Yerbol Ismailov ya yarda da wannan: "Lokacin kama Pokemon, mai kunnawa yana fuskantar tashin hankali, kusan farin ciki." Wannan euphoria yana haɓaka ta hanyar motsa jiki da ake buƙata a cikin wasan: nauyin yana ƙarfafa samar da endorphins - hormone na farin ciki.
Amsa ɗaya don buƙatun uku
Don haka, akwai dalilai da yawa na sha'awar gabaɗaya tare da Pokemon. Wato kusan dukkansu suna aiki ga kowane wasa idan aka zo ga manya. "Yanzu muna ciyar da lokaci da ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba a wasanni idan aka kwatanta da sauran lokutan tarihi," in ji masanin ilimin ɗan adam Yevgeny Osin. – Yadda za a bayyana shi? Idan muka tuna Maslow's «dala na buƙatu», to, ya dogara ne akan buƙatun halittu: yunwa, ƙishirwa… A baya can, mutane suna ciyar da mafi yawan lokutansu da kuzari don gamsar da su. Yanzu waɗannan buƙatu a cikin ƙasashen da suka ci gaba suna da sauƙin gamsarwa, kuma buƙatun tunani suna ƙara zama mahimmanci. Wasan na iya zama martani ga bukatar tunani."
Ɗaya daga cikin ka'idodin motsa jiki ya gano manyan buƙatun tunani guda uku, Evgeny Osin ya ci gaba. “A ka’idar cin gashin kai, bukatu ta farko ita ce ‘yancin kai, don yin zabin mutum. Bukatu ta biyu ita ce cancanta, don samun nasara a cikin wani abu, cimma wani abu. Kuma na uku shi ne buqatar alakar zamantakewa, wajen mu’amala da sauran mutane.
Yana iya ɗaukar shekaru na haɓaka kai don zama gwaninta, don samun nasara fiye da sauran. Wasan yana da isasshen makonni, ko ma kwanaki
Ba kowa ba ne zai iya biyan waɗannan buƙatun. A hakikanin gaskiya, alal misali, ba koyaushe muke yin abin da muke so ba, domin muna ƙarƙashin larura ko kuma muna da hakki. Kuma a cikin wasan, za mu iya ƙirƙirar duniyarmu kuma mu yi aiki a cikinta yadda muke so. Yana iya ɗaukar shekaru na haɓaka kai don zama gwaninta, don samun nasara fiye da wasu a cikin wani abu. Wasan yana da isasshen makonni, ko ma kwanaki. Evgeny Osin ya ce "Wasan an gina shi da gangan ta hanyar da ake buƙatar samun nasara akai-akai: idan ayyuka sun zama masu wuya ko kuma masu sauƙi, ba zai zama mai ban sha'awa ba," in ji Evgeny Osin, yana mayar da mu ga ra'ayin. na kwarara: kawai irin wannan rikitarwa na ayyuka yana kan iyakar iyawarmu, amma ba tare da wata hanya ba - kuma yana haifar da yanayin kwarara.
Daidaiton dama
Wani yana iya lura cewa wasannin bidiyo ba sa taimakawa wajen sadarwa ta kowace hanya - kuma ta haka ne ke bayyana ci baya. Ee, wasannin da aka yi amfani da su sun haɗa da kaɗaici da aka mai da hankali. Amma a baya kenan. A yau, wasanni masu yawa na kan layi ba su yiwuwa ba tare da sadarwa ba. Korar abokan gaba (ko gudu daga gare su), 'yan wasa koyaushe suna tuntuɓar su don haɓaka mafi kyawun dabarun. Sau da yawa wannan sadarwar tana juya zuwa gaskiya, kuma ba kawai abokantaka ba.
Misali, ’yan wasan da suka zama ’yan kasuwa sun fi son hayar “abokan aikinsu” daga rukunin wasannin2. Wasan haɗin gwiwa yana ba da damar yin la'akari ba kawai ƙwarewar wasan kwaikwayo ba, har ma da aminci, alhakin, basirar abokan tarayya. Akwai wasu abubuwa masu kyau ga sha'awar wasanni. Misali, wasan yana goge takunkumin jinsi da shekaru. Yerbol Ismailov ya ce: “Yarinya mai rauni ko kuma ’yar shekara goma a zahiri ba za ta iya yaƙar maza masu ƙarfi ba. "Amma a cikin duniyar kama-da-wane za su iya, kuma wannan ƙarin abin ƙarfafa ne don yin wasa." Natalia Bogacheva ta yarda da wannan: “Bincike ya nuna cewa damar sararin samaniya, kamar daidaitawa akan taswira ko jujjuyawar tunani na abubuwa masu girma uku, sun fi haɓaka a cikin maza fiye da mata. Amma wasan yana yin gado ko gadon wannan gibin."
’Yan wasan da suka zama ’yan kasuwa sun fi son hayar “abokan aikinsu” daga kungiyoyin wasan caca
A ƙarshe, duk muna buƙatar mu huta daga gaskiyar wani lokaci. "Wannan buƙatar ita ce mafi ƙarfi, mafi girma da nauyi a kan psyche a rayuwar yau da kullum," in ji Natalia Bogacheva. "Matasa suna rayuwa a cikin yanayi na rashin tabbas (lokacin da ba zai yiwu a yi hasashen yanayin abubuwan da ke faruwa ba ko sakamakon yanke shawararsu) da kuma babban nauyin bayanai, kuma duniyar Pokemon mai sauƙi ne kuma bayyananne, yana da fayyace ma'auni don nasara kuma hanyoyin cimma shi, don haka nutsewa a cikinsa na iya zama hanyar sauke hankali.” .
Ba kawai amfani ba
Ya zama cewa muna da buƙatar gaggawa don wasa, kuma yana cikin irin su Pokemon Go. Wadanne abubuwa masu kyau da marasa kyau ne masana ilimin halayyar dan adam ke gani a cikin mamayewar Pokemon?
Tare da ƙari, duk abin da alama a bayyane yake. Wasan yana amsa sha'awar mu don zaɓar, zama masu ƙwarewa da sadarwa. Bugu da ƙari, Pokemon Go yana da kyau ga jikinmu, yawancin masu gina jiki sun ba da shawarar wannan wasan a matsayin hanya mai mahimmanci na ƙona calories. Kuma menene illar?
Hadarin rauni (wanda, bari mu zama haƙiƙa, akwai, ko da kun ketare hanya ba tare da bin Pokémon ba). Hadarin jaraba (wanda kuma za'a iya samuwa dangane da kowane wasa, kuma ba kawai gare su ba). "Idan wasan ya zama mafita ga wani, wanda ke ba ku damar dawo da jin daɗin tunanin mutum da samun ƙarfi ga rayuwa, to wannan har ma yana da tasirin warkewa," in ji Evgeny Osin. "Amma lokacin da wannan ita ce hanya daya tilo don biyan bukatu, wanda ke fitar da dukkan sauran bangarorin rayuwa, to wannan, ba shakka, ba shi da kyau. Sa'an nan karo da gaskiya yana ƙara haifar da takaici da damuwa. Ya riga ya zama jaraba.
Duk da haka, kamar yadda Natalia Bogacheva ya lura, jarabar wasan kwamfuta yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin 5-7% na 'yan wasa kuma ko da bisa ga mafi ƙarancin ƙima bai wuce 10% ba, kuma galibi ana lura da shi a cikin waɗanda suka fara fuskantar halayen jaraba.
jarabar wasan kwamfuta yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin 5 – 7% na ƴan wasa, kuma galibi a cikin waɗanda ke da alaƙa da halayen jaraba.
Makamin sirri na masu yin magudi?
Amma akwai takamaiman haɗari guda ɗaya wanda ke da alaƙa da Pokémon Go. Wannan wasan yana sarrafa ayyukan mutane a duniyar gaske. Kuma ina tabbacin ba za a iya amfani da shi ta hanyar ’yan damfara ba, a ce, wajen shirya tarzoma?
Duk da haka, Natalia Bogacheva yayi la'akari da wannan hadarin ba ma tsanani. "Pokemon Go ba shi da haɗari fiye da wasu shirye-shirye guda goma sha biyu waɗanda ke samuwa a kowace wayar salula," ta tabbata. - Wasan baya ƙyale amfani da in-game kawai don aika mutane da yawa zuwa takamaiman wuri ɗaya ba tare da sanar da su a gaba ba ta wata hanyar. Ba yada baits ko Pokemon da ba kasafai zai taimaka ba - kawai ba za a iya ganin su daga nesa ba, saboda radius na ra'ayi da aka bayar a wasan yana da kusan kilomita daya daga wurin da mai kunnawa yake. A lokaci guda, yankin da za ku iya kama Pokemon da kunna abubuwan wasan yana da girma sosai don haka (aƙalla a tsakiyar Moscow, inda na sami damar "farauta" kadan) kada ku jefa kanku cikin haɗari. A yadda yake a halin yanzu, wasan baya haifar da haɗari, amma, akasin haka, yayi kashedi game da su. "
yankin iyaka
A ƴan shekaru da suka wuce duniya ta yi hauka a kan Angry Birds.. Sannan sun kusa mantawa da shi. Mafi mahimmanci, rabo iri ɗaya yana jiran Pokémon. Amma har yanzu akwai wani muhimmin bambanci. Pokemon Go mataki ne don haɗa gaskiyar zahiri da kama-da-wane. Abin da zai kasance na gaba, babu wanda zai iya yin hasashen yau, amma tabbas za su kasance. An riga an sami kwalkwali masu kama da juna waɗanda ke ba mu damar kasancewa a tsakiyar ɗakin da babu kowa cikin cikakken tabbaci cewa muna bakin teku ne ko a cikin zurfin dajin. Kuma ranar da irin wadannan na'urori za su yi yawa ba ta yi nisa ba. Kazalika rashin son tashi su koma daki babu kowa. Kuma, tabbas, lokaci ya yi da masana ilimin halayyar dan adam suyi tunani game da wannan a yau.
1 M. Csikszentmihalyi “Flow. Psychology na mafi kyawun kwarewa" (Alpina marasa almara, 2016).
2 J. Beck, M. Wade Yadda tsarar yan wasa ke canza yanayin kasuwanci har abada” (Pretext, 2008).