Shuka da kula da alayyafo a cikin filin bude: manyan dokoki

Landing

Kafin dasa alayyafo, kuna buƙatar shirya ƙasa. Cikawar ganyen alayyahu yana faruwa da sauri, don haka, takin da ake amfani da shi don ciyar da shi dole ne ya kasance mai saurin aiki. A farkon bazara, ana bada shawarar watsar da urea granular akan dusar ƙanƙara. Daga baya, kafin shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa, kuna buƙatar ƙara ɗan humus. Ya kamata a tuna cewa ganyen alayyafo suna tara nitrates da kyau, don haka kada a yi amfani da takin nitrogen a lokacin bazara.

Ya fi daidai don shirya ƙasa don girma alayyafo a cikin fall, to babu buƙatar bazara takin tare da nitrogen. Yankin da aka shirya shuka amfanin gona dole ne a tono shi kuma a shigar da cikakken takin gargajiya da takin ma'adinai a cikin ƙasa: takin, humus, cakuda phosphorus-potassium, a matsayin mai mulkin, hadaddun hadaddun koyaushe suna ɗauke da adadi kaɗan. nitrogen. Sa'an nan kuma a cikin bazara ya rage kawai don sassauta ƙasa a gonar, kuma zaka iya shuka alayyafo.

Noma na al'ada ya fi nasara a cikin ƙasa maras kyau. Kyakkyawan iska da danshi permeability shine babban yanayin girma mai aiki na greenery. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine ƙasa mai yashi tare da tsaka tsaki acidity. A cikin nauyi, clayey, ƙasa mai laushi, alayyafo bai kamata a dasa ba, saboda wannan zai buƙaci ƙarin kulawa da tsire-tsire, kuma yiwuwar girbi mai kyau yana da ƙasa sosai.

Na gaba, kuna buƙatar kula da shirye-shiryen iri. Kwayoyin alayyafo suna da harsashi mai yawa, don haka ana ba da shawarar a jiƙa su a cikin ruwan dumi na kwana ɗaya, sannan a sanya su a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate na tsawon sa'o'i da yawa, kuma bayan haka ana iya dasa su a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Akwai wasu nau'ikan alayyafo, irin su New Zealand, Victoria, Corenta, waɗanda tsaba ba su da saurin germination - jiƙa don waɗannan nau'ikan na buƙatar lokaci mai tsawo (har zuwa kwanaki 2), kuma tare da amfani da biostimulants.

Dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe ana iya aiwatar da shi duka daga tsaba da kuma daga seedlings. Duk da haka, hanyar seedling ba ta da mashahuri, tun da ƙananan tsire-tsire suna da tushen rauni kuma suna da tushe sosai a cikin ƙasa. Yana da ma'ana don shuka kawai nau'ikan son zafi (Matador, New Zealand) don seedlings, waɗanda ba a so su dasa kai tsaye cikin ƙasa a farkon bazara.

Don dasa tsaba a cikin ƙasa a cikin buɗe ƙasa, kuna buƙatar yin furrows mara nauyi na kowane tsayi a cikin ƙasa da aka shirya a nesa na 15-20 cm daga juna. Na gaba, zuba ruwa a kan layuka da shuka iri a cikinsu, dasa shuki ba fiye da 1,5-2 cm cikin ƙasa ba. Alayyafo yana da tsayayyar sanyi sosai, amma idan an yi dasa shuki a farkon bazara, yana da kyau a yi wasa da shi lafiya kuma a rufe gadon a gonar tare da fim - wannan ba kawai zai kare tsaba daga sanyi ba, amma kuma yana haɓaka haɓakar su. Daga tsaba da aka shirya da kyau, seedlings suna bayyana a cikin kwanaki 5-7.

City mazauna, da gourmets da suke so su sami bitamin ganye duk shekara zagaye, sun fi sha'awar wannan tambaya: yadda za a yi girma alayyafo a kan windowsill na gidanka, kuma abin da ya kamata kula da shuke-shuke? Girman koren kore a gida akan baranda ko taga ba shi da wahala fiye da dasa shi a cikin ƙasa. Da farko kuna buƙatar shirya akwati da cakuda ƙasa.

A gida, zaku iya dasa alayyafo tare da tsaba a cikin tukunyar fure na yau da kullun na lita 1, ko kwandon filastik mai ramuka a ƙasa, wanda daga baya zaku iya nutsar da tsire-tsire a cikin akwati daban. A kasan tukunyar (kwantin) yana da matukar muhimmanci a sanya magudanar ruwa, tun da alayyafo na son danshi sosai, amma ruwan da ke daurewa yana cutar da shi.

Ana iya shirya cakuda ƙasa don shuka amfanin gona a gida daga kashi 1 na yashi, sassa 2 na turf da adadin humus iri ɗaya, ko kuma a yi amfani da wani yanki wanda ya ƙunshi kashi 1 na biohumus da sassa 2 na fiber kwakwa. Ana aiwatar da dasa shuki a zurfin 1,5-2 cm, an rufe akwati da fim ko gilashi har sai germination. A gida, a matsayin mai mulkin, iska ta bushe sosai kuma tana da zafi sosai, kuma tsire-tsire suna buƙatar zafin jiki na 15-17 ° C don ci gaban al'ada, don haka ya kamata ku kula da ƙirƙirar irin waɗannan yanayi a gaba.

Bidiyo "Duk game da girma alayyafo"

Bidiyon nuni tare da tukwici da bayanai kan girma alayyahu.

Peculiarities na girma

Alayyafo baya buƙatar kowane kulawa na musamman da yanayi, tunda farkon ripening ne kuma amfanin gona mara fa'ida, duk da haka, akwai wasu maki da fasali, la'akari da abin da zaku iya sa noman ganye mai amfani ya zama mai nasara da haɓaka mai girma:

• dankali, radishes, legumes, cucumbers, zucchini, tumatir ana daukar mafi kyawun magabata na alayyafo, ban da haka, kada ku shuka amfanin gona fiye da shekaru 3 a wuri guda;

• shirin shuka amfanin gona ya kamata ya kasance a buɗe rana (masu aikin lambu sun ba da shawarar dasa alayyafo a kan ɗan ƙaramin tudu), amma a cikin bazara mai zafi shuka yana jin daɗi har ma a cikin inuwa mai ɗanɗano;

• ciyayi na alayyafo bai wuce watanni 2 ba - don samun lafiyayyen ganye a duk lokacin kakar, ana ba da shawarar shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa a matakai da yawa tare da tazara na makonni 2;

• Kuna iya dasa amfanin gona a cikin ƙasa buɗe ba kawai a cikin bazara ba, har ma a cikin kaka - idan an shuka tsaba a ƙarshen Agusta - Satumba, to, sabbin ganye za su bayyana a farkon bazara, kuma 'ya'yan da aka girbe za su yi ƙarfi da girbi daga gare su. zai zama mafi inganci;

• tsire-tsire ba sa girma da kyau a cikin ƙasa acidic - ana iya rage acidity ta ƙara lemun tsami, alli, dolomite gari;

• don tsawaita lokacin girma na alayyafo, ƙwararrun lambu suna ba da shawarar yanke saman harbe na tsire-tsire masu girma - wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga samuwar sabbin ganye kuma yana hana bayyanar kibiyoyi tare da peduncles.

Ya kamata kuma a tuna cewa noman kowane iri-iri na alayyafo yana da halaye na kansa. Yawancin lokaci babu matsaloli tare da farkon ripening iri, kamar Gigantic, Godri, da kuma a yanzu shahararrun matasan Matador suma suna girma sosai. Amma, alal misali, alayyafo na New Zealand ya fi buƙata akan yanayi. Da fari dai, dasa shuki iri-iri na New Zealand a cikin buɗe ƙasa yakamata a gudanar da shi kawai daga seedlings, tunda al'adun suna da zafi sosai. Na biyu, irin wannan nau'in iri-iri suna girma sosai, kuma mutum ba zai iya yin ba tare da mai haɓaka haɓaka ba.

Koyaya, ƙaunatattun mutane da yawa, alayyafo na New Zealand shima yana da wasu fa'idodi: saboda ƙarancin ganye, tsire-tsire masu girma suna hana ci gaban ciyawa, don haka a zahiri basa buƙatar weeding, kuma banda wannan, nau'in New Zealand ba ya fure kuma baya yin fure. harba kibau a lokacin fari, kamar yadda ake yi na sauran nau'in. Al'adar girma a gida kuma yana da halayensa. Idan an dasa tsaba a cikin hunturu, to yana yiwuwa tsire-tsire ba za su sami isasshen hasken rana ba kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin haske. Idan akai la'akari da gaskiyar cewa a cikin ɗakin gida yana kusan dumi da bushewa, kuma alayyafo shine shuka mai son danshi, kuna buƙatar kula da danshi na ƙasa akai-akai kuma a kai a kai a fesa foliage.

care

Kula da alayyafo a cikin filin bude ya ƙunshi ciyayi da kuma shayar da lokaci. Ana aiwatar da weeding na farko da zaran ganye biyu na farko sun bayyana a kan tsire-tsire - a wannan lokacin, ya kamata a kwance gadon, barin mafi ƙarfi harbe a nesa na 10-15 cm. A lokaci guda kuma, a cire ciyawa, a sassauta hanyoyin. Ƙarin kula da al'ada ya haɗa da wani 3-4 weeding.

Kuna buƙatar shayar da gado sau da yawa, tun da fari yana haifar da kullun bushes da kuma dakatar da ci gaban ƙwayar kore, amma tsire-tsire ba za a yi ambaliya ba. Ana takin alayyahu ne kawai idan ya girma a cikin ƙasa maras nauyi - takin da ake amfani da shi a lokacin noman ƙasa ya isa ga ƙasa mai albarka. Ganyen alayyahu, waɗanda ake shukawa a gida a cikin tukunya, suna buƙatar kulawa mafi ƙarancin kulawa: shayarwa na yau da kullun, sassautawa, da fesa ganye. Tsire-tsire na gida suna buƙatar hasken rana da yawa, amma yanayin zafi yana buƙatar isa sosai.

Alayyahu ba kasafai suke yin rashin lafiya ba, amma ba a cire bayyanar powdery mildew da rot a cikin ganyayyaki. A wannan yanayin, kulawa ya ƙunshi cire tsire-tsire masu cututtuka daga gonar, tun da yake ba a so a yi amfani da magungunan sinadaran ga al'ada.

girbi

Suna fara tattara alayyafo lokacin da ganye 5-8 suka girma a cikin kanti. Ga kowane iri-iri, wannan lokacin yana farawa a lokuta daban-daban: farkon ripening iri (Godry, Giant) ripen a cikin kwanaki 18-25 daga ranar shuka, marigayi da tsakiyar ripening iri (Victoria, New Zealand) suna shirye don girbi a cikin 6- sati 8. Ko da an dasa alayyafo na New Zealand daga seedlings, ana iya ɗaukar girbi na farko ba a baya fiye da wata ɗaya ba, tunda a farkon farkon dasa shuki tsire-tsire suna haɓaka sannu a hankali.

Lokacin tattara ganye, kuna buƙatar tsage ganyen waje a hankali, barin tsakiyar fitarwa. Zai fi kyau a girbi da safe bayan raɓa ya bushe, ko kuma a ƙarshen maraice kafin ya bayyana - ganye dole ne ya bushe, tun da rigar ganye ya bushe da sauri. Lokacin girbi ya dogara da sau nawa ake yanke ganye da yadda ake kula da gonar. A kowane hali, ana girbe alayyafo ne kawai kafin furen amfanin gona.

Adana alayyafo

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don adana alayyafo. Don ajiya na ɗan gajeren lokaci, ana ninke ganyen a cikin polyethylene ko wani yadi mai laushi kuma a sanya su a cikin firiji, yayin da ganyen dole ne ya bushe, kamar yadda rigar za ta yi sauri. A yanayin zafi daga 0 zuwa +1 ° C, ana adana ganyen alayyafo har zuwa kwanaki 10.

Don ajiya na dogon lokaci, alayyafo yana daskarewa, bushe, da gwangwani. Don daskarewa, duka sabbin ganyaye da ganyaye, ko yankakken zuwa yanayin tsafta sun dace. Don daskare ganye, dole ne a wanke ganyen, a bushe, sannan a yanke, a saka a cikin jaka ko akwati, a saka a cikin injin daskarewa. Hakanan za'a iya yin haka tare da alayyafo mara kyau.

Don bushewa, ana shirya ganye kamar yadda ake daskarewa, kawai yadawa a kan takarda ko takardar burodi, sanya shi a cikin bushe, wuri mai duhu, inda aikin bushewa ya faru. Yawancin matan gida suna yin irin wannan hanyar girbi kamar gishiri ko gwangwani. A cikin lokuta biyu, alayyafo yana riƙe da tsananin launin korensa da kaddarorin amfani.

Bidiyo "Dabarun dasa alayyafo"

Bidiyo mai ba da labari tare da shawarwari masu amfani don dasa ganye.