Gwargwadon ƙimar isasshen iskar oxygen bincike ne wanda ke ba da damar tantance aikin hematosis: iskar oxygen ɗin jini. Ana yin amfani da wannan bincike na isasshen iskar oxygen musamman ga mutanen da ke da cututtukan numfashi.

Jini yana ba da iskar oxygen ga dukkan kyallen takarda kuma yana ɗaukar carbon dioxide zuwa huhu don cirewa daga jiki. Ƙaramin iskar oxygen ana ɗauke da plasma. Yawancin shi yana ɗaukar haemoglobin a cikin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini.

Ana bayyana iskar oxygen a cikin hanyoyi uku:

• yawan saturation na babban mai jigilar haemoglobin (SaO2),
• matsin da ake samu a cikin narkar da jini (PaO2)
• adadin sa a cikin jini (CaO2).

A cikin tabarbarewar numfashi, jinin yana ɗauke da ƙarancin iskar oxygen da ƙarin carbon dioxide. Ana iya auna matakin oxygenation tare da hanyoyi guda biyu: isasshen iskar oxygen (SaO2, wanda aka auna a cikin jijiyoyin jini, SpO2 wanda aka auna ta hanyar bugun jini ko saturometer) da matsin lamba na oxygen (PaO2).

Cikakken iskar Oxygen (SaO2) yana wakiltar kaso na haemoglobin cike da oxygen (oxyhemoglobin) dangane da jimlar haemoglobin da ke cikin jini. Ana auna iskar oxygen don tantance aikin hematosis: oxygenation na jini.

Za'a iya auna adadin isasshen iskar oxygen ta hanyoyi biyu:

Ta hanyar ɗaukar jinin jini (ma'aunin gas na jini).

Wannan ya haɗa da ɗaukar gwajin jini daga jijiya. Ita ce kawai dabarar da ke ba da damar amintaccen ma'aunin gas na jini. Tabbatar da ma'aunin iskar gas yana ba da damar nazarin ma'aunin acid-base (pH) da auna matsin lamba a cikin iskar oxygen (PaO2) da na carbon dioxide (PaCO2) wanda ke ba da damar sanin yanayin numfashi na jihar. An bayyana jin daɗin haemoglobin tare da iskar oxygen da aka auna ta hanyar gwajin jini a cikin Sao2. Ana auna jijiyar iskar oxygen kai tsaye a cikin jajayen kwayoyin jini.

Tare da bugun bugun jini ko saturometer (hanya mafi sauƙi don amfani)

A pulse oximeter ko oximeter shine na’urar da ba ta mamayewa tana auna iskar oxygen na jini. Ana amfani da wannan na'urar sau da yawa a asibitoci don sa ido kan marasa lafiya waɗanda ke fama da wahalar numfashi ko waɗanda ke kan tallafin iska mai ɓarna ko mara ƙarfi (maganin oxygen). An sanye shi da emitter da mai karɓar haske wanda ke ba da damar ƙayyade jijiyar oxygen na jini.

Yana watsa hasken haske ta hanyar nama, galibi yatsa ko yatsa a cikin manya, amma kuma hanci ko kunne, ko hannu ko ƙafa a cikin ƙananan yara. An bayyana isasshen iskar oxygen na haemoglobin da aka auna ta hanyar bugun bugun jini kamar SpO2 (p yana nuna saturation pulsed). Muna magana ne game da haɓakar haemoglobin tare da iskar oxygen.

Akwai alamomi da yawa don auna ƙimar iskar oxygen ta saturometer a cikin manya:

• a lokacin sa barci ko a cikin dakin sa ido bayan tiyata
• A cikin sassan magunguna na gaggawa
• A cikin kulawa mai zurfi, musamman ga mutanen da aka sanya a cikin iska ko wataƙila za su kasance.

A cikin yara, ma'aunin ƙimar iskar oxygen kuma yana da alamomi da yawa:

• kimantawa game da tsananin cututtukan cututtukan numfashi (bronchiolitis, ciwon huhu, asma, da sauransu)
• kima na tsananin rashin lafiyar bronchiolitis; jikewa da ƙasa da 94% yana ɗaya daga cikin alamun tsananin
• kimanta tasirin aerosol
• gano yiwuwar ciwon zuciya a cikin jariri cyanotic

Ana yin ma'aunin iskar gas a gaban yanayi mai tsananin numfashi kuma a gaban tuhuma da babbar matsalar rayuwa.

Cikakken iskar oxygen ga mutum mai lafiya yana tsakanin 95% zuwa 100% dangane da shekaru. SpO2 (Pulsed jikewa auna tare da bugun jini oximeter). Bai isa ba a ƙasa da 95%. Muna magana ne game da hypoxemia. Manufar hypoxemia ta shafi kowane rashin isashshen iskar oxygen na jini sabili da haka da zaran SpO2 ƙasa da 95%. Iyaka 90% yana nuna alamun hypoxemia wanda yayi daidai da gazawar numfashi.

Cikakken iskar oxygen jijiya (SaO2) yana tsakanin 96% zuwa 98% a cikin matashi babba shine 95% a cikin mutum sama da shekaru 70. Lokacin da bai wuce 90%ba, an ce mutumin yana cikin ɓacin rai. Desaturation kuma yayi daidai da digo na maki 4 idan aka kwatanta da ƙimar tushe (misali yayin ƙoƙarin).

SpO2 “na al'ada” ga yaro yayi daidai da ƙima fiye da 95%. Matsayin SpO2 na ƙasa da 94% a cikin yaro shine ma'aunin mahimmanci kuma yana kaiwa zuwa asibiti. Auna SpO2 yana da matukar mahimmanci a cikin yara, saboda yaro kawai yana bayyana cyanotic (launin shuɗi) lokacin da SaO2 bai wuce 75% ba kuma saboda ba kasafai ake yin ma'aunin iskar gas ba. Tsarin bugun jini yana da mahimmanci don gano farkon hypoxia.

Muna magana ne game da hypoxemia lokacin da ƙimar isasshen iskar oxygen ƙasa da 93%. Babban haɗarin shine na wahalar salula (ischemia) sakamakon rashin isasshen iskar oxygen zuwa kyallen takarda daban -daban na jiki. Babban hypoxemia na iya faruwa bayan matsananciyar cutar asma, rashin kumburin zuciya, ciwon huhu ko matsanancin Ciwon Ciwon Hankali (COPD), bayan bugun huhu, huhun huhu, pneumothorax.

Hypoxemia (yawan isasshen iskar oxygen kasa da kashi 93%) ana bayyana shi ta gajeriyar numfashi, saurin numfashi mai zurfi, fata mai launin shuɗi (cyanosis) amma duk waɗannan alamun ba su da takamaimai kuma suna da ƙima fiye da bugun bugun jini.

COVID-19 na iya haifar da ƙarancin iskar oxygen. Mummunan lokuta na COVID na iya haifar da ciwon huhu wanda ke haifar da matsanancin wahalar numfashi. Alamomin cutar suna da dabara da farko. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa likitoci zasu iya saka idanu akan matakin iskar oxygen tare da oximeter. Wahalar numfashi da karancin numfashi alamu ne da ya kamata ku kira sabis na gaggawa.

Gargadi: Amfani da bugun bugun bugun jini shima yana gabatar da haɗarin kurakurai kuma yana da kyau a koyi yadda ake amfani da shi tare da ƙwararren likita.

Yawan isashshen iskar oxygen a lokacin maganin oxygen na iya haifar da hyperoxia. Hyperoxia yana da haɗari ga mutanen da ke fama da gazawar numfashi.

A cikin yanayin hypoxemia (isasshen iskar oxygen kasa da 93), ana iya aiwatar da magani tare da maganin oxygen. Ana iya gudanar da iskar oxygen ta hanyar hanci (tabarau) ko ta hanyoyin hanci da baki (abin rufe fuska) amma kuma ta hanyar iska ta wucin gadi (mai hura iska, intubation) ko ta hanyar rabe -rabe (ECMO). Adadin iskar oxygen da ake isar da shi yana jagoranta ta hanyar iskar jini ko bugun bugun jini don kula da Pao2 tsakanin 60-80 mmHg (92-100% saturation) ba tare da haifar da guba na oxygen ba.