Annoba cuta ce ta zoonosis da ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifarwa Yersinia pestis, wanda galibi ana yada shi daga rodents zuwa mutane ta hanyar ƙuma, amma kuma tsakanin mutane ta hanyar numfashi. Ba tare da dacewa da saurin maganin ƙwayoyin cuta ba, yanayinsa yana mutuwa a cikin 30% zuwa 60% na lokuta (1).

Yana da wuya a yi tunanin cewa “baƙar mutuwa” da ta lalata Turai a ƙarni na 1920 har yanzu tana ci gaba da tabarbarewa a wasu yankuna na duniya! A Faransa, an sami rahoton bullar annoba ta ƙarshe a shekara ta 1945 a Paris da kuma a cikin 50 a Corsica. Amma a duniya, fiye da 000 lokuta an ruwaito ga WHO a cikin kasashe 26 tun farkon 2s (XNUMX).

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an sami rahoton bullar annoba da dama daga Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Tanzania, China, Peru da Madagascar. Ƙasar ta ƙarshe ita ce babbar ƙasar da ke fama da cutar, mutane da dama sun mutu sakamakon annobar a cikin 2014/2015 (3).

Plague yana ba da nau'i na asibiti da yawa (septicaemic, hemorrhagic, gastrointestinal, da dai sauransu, har ma da nau'i mai laushi), amma biyu sun fi yawa a cikin mutane:

Mafi na kowa annoba bubonic. An ayyana shi tare da fara zazzaɓi mai zafi, ciwon kai, babban hari na yanayin gaba ɗaya da rikicewar hankali. Yana da alaƙa da kumburin nodes na lymph, sau da yawa a cikin wuyansa, hannaye da makwancin gwaiwa (buboes).

Cutar huhu, mafi muni. An ƙara tari na mucopurulent tare da jini da ciwon kirji zuwa ga manyan alamun cutar bubonic.

Wakilin annoba shine Gram-negative bacillus, Yersinia pestis. Yersinia wani nau'in kwayoyin cuta ne na dangin Enterobacteriaceae, wanda ya hada da nau'in nau'i goma sha bakwai, uku daga cikinsu suna da cututtuka ga mutane: maganin kwari, enterocolitis et pseudotuberculosis. Rodents sune babban, amma ba keɓantacce ba, tafki na cutar.

Annoba na cutar da kananan dabbobi da ƙuma da ke lalata su. Ana kamuwa da ita daga dabbobi zuwa ga mutane ta hanyar cizon ƙuma masu cutar, ta hanyar saduwa ta kai tsaye, ta numfashi da kuma ta hanyar shan abubuwa masu cutarwa.

• Mutanen da wani ƙuma ya ciji yakan sami siffar bubonic.
• Idan bacillus Yersinia pestis ya kai huhu, mutum ya kamu da cutar huhu wanda daga nan za a iya yada shi ga sauran mutane ta hanyar numfashi yayin tari.

A cikin wuraren da ke da yawa, kiyaye kariya daga cizon ƙuma kuma ka nisanta daga rokoki da gawar dabbobi.

Idan an gano cutar cikin lokaci, za a iya magance cutar bubonic cikin nasara tare da maganin rigakafi: streptomycin, chloramphenicol da tetracyclines sune maganin rigakafi da Cibiyar Pasteur ta ba da shawarar.

Chemoprophylaxis (wanda kuma ake kira "chemoprevention"), wanda ya ƙunshi sarrafa tetracyclines ko sulfonamides, a cikin yanayin annoba, yana da tasiri wajen kare kewayen abubuwan da abin ya shafa, kuma ya bayyana Cibiyar Pasteur.

An samar da alluran rigakafi da dama a baya, amma yanzu an kebe su ga ma’aikatan dakin gwaje-gwaje, saboda an tabbatar da cewa ba su da tasiri wajen shawo kan annobar.