Ovarian follicles su ne tsarin da ke cikin ovaries kuma suna shiga cikin ovulation.

Matsayi. Ovarian follicles suna cikin yankin cortical na ovaries. Biyu a adadi, ovaries na mace ko gonads gland ne da ke cikin ƙananan ƙashin ƙugu, a bayan mahaifa1. Har ila yau, suna haɗuwa da bututun fallopian, wanda gefensu ya yi iyaka da su don samar da rumfa. Ovoid a cikin siffar da tsayin 3 zuwa 4 cm, ovaries sun ƙunshi sassa 2:

• A gefen ovary akwai yankin cortical, inda ɗigon ovarian suke;
• A tsakiyar ovary akwai yankin kashin baya, wanda ya ƙunshi nama mai haɗawa da tasoshin jini.

Structure. Kowane follicle ovarian yana dauke da oocyte, wanda zai zama kwai. Tsarin ɓangarorin ovarian ya bambanta bisa ga matakin maturation (2) (3):

1. Follicle Primordial: Yana bayyana follicle na ovarian wanda balagagge ba tukuna ya fara ba. Wannan nau'in follicle yayi daidai da wanda aka samo galibi a cikin yankin cortical.
2. Follicle na farko: Ya yi daidai da matakin farko na maturation na follicle inda oocyte da ƙwayoyin da ke kewaye da shi ke girma.
3. Na biyu follicle: A wannan mataki, da yawa yadudduka na epithelium suna kewaye da oocyte. Na karshen kuma ya ci gaba da girma. Kwayoyin follicular sannan suna ɗaukar sunan sel granular.
4. Balagagge na sakandare follicle: Layer na sel suna tasowa a kusa da follicle, samar da follicular theca. A wannan mataki, oocyte yana ɓoye wani abu wanda ya zama membrane mai kauri, zona pellucida. Wani ruwa mai jujjuyawa shima yana tara tsakanin sel granular.
5. Balagaggen ovarian follicle ko De Graaf's follicle: Ruwan da ya taru tsakanin ƙungiyoyin ɓangarorin granular tare kuma ya samar da rami, antrum follicular. Yayin da yake ci gaba da cika da ruwa, kogon yana girma zuwa ƙarshe ya ware oocyte ɗin da ke kewaye da capsule ɗin tantanin halitta, wanda ake kira corona radiata. Lokacin da follicle ya kai iyakar girmansa, yana shirye don ovulation.
6. Corpus luteum: A lokacin ovulation, ana fitar da oocyte yayin da follicle ya rushe. Kwayoyin granular suna haɓaka don cika sararin da oocyte ya bari. Wadannan sel suna canzawa kuma su zama sel luteal, suna haifar da follicle wanda ake kira corpus luteum. Na karshen yana da aikin endocrin ta hanyar hadawa musamman progesterone, wani hormone da ke da hannu a lamarin hadi na kwai.
7. Farin Jiki: Wannan mataki na ƙarshe yayi daidai da jimillar ɓarna na follicle.

Tsayawa a matsakaita na kwanaki 28, sake zagayowar kwai yana nufin duk abubuwan da ke ba da damar girmar kwai a cikin kwai. Wadannan al'amuran ana sarrafa su ta hanyoyi daban-daban na hormonal kuma sun kasu kashi biyu (2) (3):

• Tsarin lokaci. Yana faruwa daga ranar 1 zuwa 14th na zagayowar ovarian kuma yana ƙarewa lokacin ovulation. A wannan lokaci, ɓangarorin ovarian da yawa sun fara girma. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ƙwayoyin ovarian ne kawai ya kai matakin De Graaf follicle kuma yayi daidai da follicle da ke da alhakin fitar da oocyte a lokacin ovulation.
• Lokaci na luteal. Yana faruwa daga ranar 14th zuwa 28th na sake zagayowar kuma yayi daidai da lalatawar follicle. A wannan lokacin, ɓangarorin ovarian suna canzawa zuwa jikin rawaya sannan farare.

ovarian ciwon daji. Ciwace-ciwacen daji (Cancerous) ko mara kyau (marasa ciwon daji) na iya fitowa a cikin kwai, inda ɗigon kwai ke samuwa (4). Alamun na iya haɗawa da rashin jin daɗi na ƙashin ƙugu, matsalolin hawan haila ko zafi.

Cutar Ovarian. Ya dace da ci gaban aljihu a waje ko cikin ovary. Tsarin cyst na ovarian yana canzawa. An rarraba nau'i biyu na cysts:

• Mafi yawan aikin cysts suna warwarewa ba tare da bata lokaci ba (1).
• Dole ne a kula da cysts na kwayoyin halitta kamar yadda zasu iya haifar da rashin jin daɗi, zafi, da kuma a wasu lokuta ci gaban ƙwayoyin ciwon daji.

Jiyya na tiyata. Dangane da ilimin cututtukan da aka gano da kuma juyin halittar sa, ana iya aiwatar da aikin tiyata azaman tiyatar laparoscopic a wasu lokuta na cysts na ovarian.

jiyyar cutar sankara. Dangane da nau'i da mataki na ciwon daji, maganin ciwon daji na iya kasancewa tare da chemotherapy.

Nazarin jiki. Na farko, ana yin gwajin asibiti don ganowa da tantance alamun da mai haƙuri ya gane.

Gwajin hoton likita. Dangane da abin da ake zargi ko tabbatar da ilimin cututtuka, ana iya yin ƙarin gwaje-gwaje kamar duban dan tayi ko x-ray.

Laparoscopy. Wannan jarrabawar fasaha ce ta endoscopic da ke ba da damar shiga cikin rami na ciki, ba tare da buɗe bangon ciki ba.

Binciken halittu. Ana iya yin gwajin jini don gano, alal misali, wasu alamomin ƙari.

Asali, ovaries sun ƙaddara gabobin ne kawai inda ake yin ƙwai a cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe, saboda haka asalin asalin asalin Latin: ƙwai, kwai. An ba da kalmar ovary ta hanyar kwatanci ga gonads na mata a cikin dabbobin da ke rayuwa, waɗanda daga baya ake kiran su gwajin mata (5).