Shin duk mutane za su iya samun motsin rai ɗaya? E kuma a'a. Nazarin harsuna na mutanen duniya, masana kimiyya sun sami bambance-bambance a cikin sunayen motsin zuciyarmu da kuma abin da muka fahimta da waɗannan sunaye. Ya bayyana cewa ko da abubuwan ɗan adam na duniya a cikin al'adu daban-daban na iya samun nasu inuwar.
Maganarmu tana da alaƙa kai tsaye da tunani. Ko da Soviet masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Lev Vygotsky yayi jayayya cewa mafi girman nau'ikan sadarwa na tunani a cikin mutum yana yiwuwa ne kawai saboda mu, mutane, tare da taimakon tunani gabaɗaya yana nuna gaskiya.
Girma a cikin wani yanayi na harshe, muna tunani a cikin harshenmu na asali, muna zaɓar sunaye don abubuwa, abubuwan mamaki da ji daga ƙamus, koyi ma'anar kalmomi daga iyaye da "'yan uwa" a cikin tsarin al'adunmu. Kuma wannan yana nufin cewa ko da yake mu duka mutane ne, muna iya samun ra'ayoyi daban-daban, misali, game da motsin zuciyarmu.
"Duk da ka kira ta fure, ko kadan ba..."
Ta yaya mu, a matsayinmu na mutane na al'adu daban-daban, muyi tunani game da motsin zuciyarmu: tsoro, fushi, ko, ce, bakin ciki? Ya bambanta sosai, in ji Dokta Joseph Watts, wani ɗan bincike a Jami'ar Otago kuma mai shiga cikin wani shiri na kasa da kasa don nazarin bambancin al'adu na ra'ayoyin motsin rai. Tawagar bincike na aikin sun hada da masana ilimin halayyar dan adam daga Jami'ar North Carolina (Amurka) da masana ilimin harshe daga Cibiyar Kimiyyar Halitta ta Max Planck (Jamus).
Masana kimiyya sun bincika kalmomi daga harsuna 2474 na manyan harsuna 20. Ta hanyar yin amfani da tsarin lissafi, sun gano alamu na “colexification,” al’amarin da harsuna ke amfani da kalmar iri ɗaya don bayyana ra’ayoyi masu alaƙa da ma’ana. A wasu kalmomi, masana kimiyya suna sha'awar kalmomin da ke nufin fiye da ɗaya ra'ayi. Alal misali, a cikin Farisa, ana amfani da kalmar nan “ænduh” don nuna baƙin ciki da nadama.
Me ke faruwa tare da baƙin ciki?
Ta hanyar ƙirƙirar manyan hanyoyin sadarwa na colexifications, masana kimiyya sun sami damar daidaita ra'ayoyi da kalmomin sunansu a cikin yaruka da yawa na duniya kuma sun sami bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin yadda motsin rai ke nunawa a cikin harsuna daban-daban. Alal misali, a cikin harsunan Nakh-Dagestan, "bakin ciki" yana tafiya tare da "tsoro" da "damuwa". Kuma a cikin harsunan Tai-Kadai da ake magana a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, manufar "bakin ciki" yana kusa da "bakin ciki." Wannan yana kira a cikin tambaya game da zato na gaba ɗaya game da yanayin duniya na ma'anar motsin rai.
Duk da haka, canji a cikin ilimin tauhidi na motsin rai yana da nasa tsarin. Ya zama cewa iyalai na harshe da ke kusa da yanki suna da "ra'ayoyi" iri ɗaya akan motsin rai fiye da waɗanda suke da nisa da juna. Dalili mai yiwuwa shine asalin gama gari da tuntuɓar tarihi tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi ya haifar da fahimtar juna game da motsin rai.
Masu binciken sun kuma gano cewa ga dukkan bil'adama akwai abubuwa na duniya na kwarewa na motsin rai wanda zai iya fitowa daga tsarin rayuwa na yau da kullum, wanda ke nufin cewa yadda mutane suke tunani game da motsin rai ba kawai ta hanyar al'ada da juyin halitta ba, har ma da ilimin halitta.
Ma'auni na aikin, sababbin hanyoyin fasaha da kuma hanyoyin da za a iya yin la'akari da damar da ke buɗewa a wannan hanyar kimiyya. Watts da tawagarsa sun shirya don ƙara gano bambance-bambancen al'adu a cikin ma'anar da kuma suna na jihohin tunani.
ji mara suna
Bambance-bambancen harshe da al'adu wani lokaci ya wuce ta yadda a cikin ƙamus na mai magana da mu za a iya samun kalmar jin cewa ba ma amfani da mu don ware a matsayin wani abu dabam.
Alal misali, a cikin Yaren mutanen Sweden, "resfeber" yana nufin duka damuwa da tsammanin farin ciki da muke fuskanta kafin tafiya. Kuma ’yan Scots sun ba da wata kalma ta musamman ta “tartle” don firgita da muke fuskanta lokacin da, gabatar da mutum ga wasu, ba za mu iya tuna sunansa ba. Abin da aka sani, ko ba haka ba?
Don jin kunyar da muke ji ga wani, Birtaniya, kuma bayan su, mun fara amfani da kalmar "Kunyayar Mutanen Espanya" (harshen Mutanen Espanya yana da nasa jumla don kunya ta kai tsaye - "vergüenza ajena"). Af, a cikin Finnish akwai kuma suna don irin wannan kwarewa - "myötähäpeä".
Fahimtar irin waɗannan bambance-bambance yana da mahimmanci ba kawai ga masana kimiyya ba. A wurin aiki ko kuma sa’ad da muke tafiya, yawancinmu muna tattaunawa da wakilan wasu al’adu da suke magana da yare dabam dabam. Fahimtar bambancin tunani, al'ada, ƙa'idodin ɗabi'a, har ma da fahimtar ra'ayi na motsin rai na iya taimakawa kuma, a wasu yanayi, yanke hukunci.