Myelodysplastic ciwo cuta ce ta jini. Wannan ilimin cututtuka yana haifar da raguwar adadin ƙwayoyin jini masu yawo. Wannan ciwo kuma ana kiransa: myelodysplasia.

A cikin kwayar halitta "lafiya", maƙarƙashiyar ƙashi tana samar da nau'ikan ƙwayoyin jini daban-daban:

- kwayoyin jajayen jini, ba da damar samar da iskar oxygen ga dukkan jiki;

- fararen jini, kyale jiki ya yi yaƙi da abubuwan waje kuma don haka guje wa haɗarin kamuwa da cuta;

- platelets, wanda ke ba da damar ƙumburi na jini ya haifar da shiga cikin tsarin coagulation.

Game da marasa lafiya da ciwon myelodysplastic, kasusuwan kasusuwa baya iya samar da waɗannan jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, fararen jini da kuma platelets kullum. Ana samar da ƙwayoyin jini ba bisa ka'ida ba wanda ke haifar da rashin ci gaban su. A karkashin wadannan yanayi masu tasowa, kasusuwa na kasusuwa yana dauke da tarin kwayoyin jinin da ba su da kyau wadanda ake rarrabawa ga dukkanin jini.

Irin wannan ciwo na iya tasowa a hankali ko kuma ya ci gaba da ƙarfi.

 Akwai nau'ikan cutar da yawa: (2)

• refractory anemia, a cikin wannan yanayin, kawai samar da jajayen kwayoyin halitta ya shafi;
• cytopenia refractory, inda duk kwayoyin halitta (jajayen jini, farin jini da platelets) suna tasiri;
• refractory anemia tare da wuce haddi fashewa, kuma yana shafar jajayen sel, farin jini da platelets kuma yana haifar da ƙarin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar sankarar bargo.

Myelodysplastic ciwo na iya shafar mutane na kowane zamani. Koyaya, batutuwan da suka fi shafa suna tsakanin shekaru 65 zuwa 70. Ɗaya daga cikin marasa lafiya biyar da ke ƙasa da shekaru 50 ne wannan ciwo zai shafa. (2)

Yawancin mutanen da ke fama da cutar suna da alamu masu laushi zuwa masu laushi da farko. Wadannan bayyanar cututtuka na asibiti daga baya suna da rikitarwa.

Alamomin cutar suna da alaƙa da nau'ikan ƙwayoyin jini daban-daban da abin ya shafa.

A yayin da kwayoyin jajayen jinin suka yi tasiri, alamun da ke tattare da su sune:

• gajiya;
• kasawa;
• wahalar numfashi.

A yayin da fararen ƙwayoyin jini suka damu, bayyanar asibiti yana haifar da:

• haɗarin kamuwa da cuta da ke da alaƙa da kasancewar ƙwayoyin cuta ( ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, da sauransu).

Lokacin da ya shafi ci gaban platelet, yawanci muna lura da:

• zubar jini mai nauyi da bayyanar kumbura ba tare da wani dalili ba.

Wasu nau'ikan ciwon myelodysplastic suna kama da bayyanar asibiti waɗanda ke haɓaka da sauri fiye da sauran.

Bugu da ƙari, wasu marasa lafiya na iya ba da alamun bayyanar cututtuka. Don haka ana yin gwajin cutar bayan an yi gwajin jini, wanda ke nuna ƙarancin ƙwayoyin jini da ke yawo da nakasu.

Alamomin cutar suna da alaƙa kai tsaye da nau'in ta. Lalle ne, a cikin yanayin anemia mai juyayi, alamun da ke tasowa za su kasance da gaske gajiya, jin rauni da kuma yiwuwar wahalar numfashi. (2)

Wasu mutanen da ke fama da ciwo na myelodysplastic na iya haifar da cutar sankarar bargo ta myeloid. Ciwon daji ne na farin jini.

Har yanzu ba a san ainihin asalin ciwon myelodysplastic ba.

Koyaya, an gabatar da wani dalili da alaƙar tasiri don fallasa wasu mahaɗan sinadarai, irin su benzene, da haɓakar cututtukan cututtuka. Wannan sinadari, wanda aka lasafta shi da cutar kansa ga mutane, ana samunsa sosai a masana'antu don kera robobi, roba ko masana'antar petrochemical.

A cikin lokuta masu wuyar gaske, haɓakar wannan ƙwayar cuta na iya haɗawa da radiotherapy ko chemotherapy. Waɗannan hanyoyi ne guda biyu da ake amfani da su sosai wajen magance cutar kansa. (2)

Abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar sune:

- bayyanar da wasu sinadarai, kamar benzene;

– jiyya na farko tare da chemotherapy da / ko radiotherapy.

Sakamakon ganewar ciwon myelodysplastic yana farawa tare da gwajin jini da kuma nazarin samfurori na kasusuwa. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen suna taimakawa tantance adadin ƙwayoyin jini na al'ada da mara kyau.

Ana yin nazarin maƙarƙashiya a ƙarƙashin maganin sa barci. Yawanci ana ɗaukar samfurin sa daga hips ɗin abin kuma a bincika a ƙarƙashin na'urar gani a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Maganin cutar ya dogara kai tsaye akan nau'in cutar da kuma yanayin da ya dace da mutum.

Manufar jiyya ita ce a mayar da daidaitattun matakan jini masu yawo da siffar su.

A cikin mahallin da majiyyaci ya gabatar da nau'in cutar tare da ƙananan haɗarin rikidewa zuwa ciwon daji, takardar magani na musamman ba zai zama mai tasiri ba amma zai buƙaci kulawa ta yau da kullum ta hanyar gwajin jini.

 Magani don ƙarin ci gaban nau'ikan cutar sune:

• karin jini;
• kwayoyi don daidaita ƙarfe a cikin jini, yawanci bayan an yi ƙarin jini;
• allurar abubuwan haɓaka, irin su erythropoietin ko G-CSFs, don haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin jini da kuma taimakawa maƙarar ƙashi don samar da ƙwayoyin jini;
• maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta, wajen maganin cututtukan da ke haifar da karancin farin jini.

Bugu da ƙari, kwayoyi na nau'in: anti-thymocyte immunoglobulins (ATG) ko cyclosporine, rage aikin tsarin rigakafi yana barin kasusuwan kasusuwa don samar da kwayoyin jini.

Ga batutuwan da ke da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa, ana iya rubuta chemotherapy ko ma dashen kwayar halitta.

Chemotherapy yana lalata ƙwayoyin jini marasa balaga ta hanyar dakatar da girma. Ana iya rubuta shi ta baki (Allunan) ko ta cikin jini.

Yawancin lokaci ana danganta wannan magani da:

- cytarabine;

- fludarabine;

- daunoribicin;

- clofarabine;

- l'azacitidine.

Ana amfani da dashen ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a cikin nau'i mai tsanani na cutar. A cikin wannan mahallin, an fi dacewa da dashen sel masu tushe a cikin batutuwa matasa.

Yawancin lokaci ana haɗa wannan magani tare da chemotherapy da / ko farkon aikin rediyo. Bayan lalata ƙwayoyin jini da cutar ta shafa, dashen ƙwayoyin lafiya na iya yin tasiri. (2)