Cututtukan Neurodegenerative sun zama babbar matsalar lafiyar jama'a saboda musamman rikice -rikicen da ke tattare da su. Daga cikin gwaje -gwajen da ake da su da yawa waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don gano raguwar hankali, mun sami MoCA ko "Ƙimar Tantancewar Montreal".

Cutar Alzheimer (AD) ita ce mafi yawan cututtukan cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki a cikin mutane sama da shekaru 65. Ana bayyana shi ta hanyar lalacewar ci gaba na ayyukan fahimi, musamman ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, tare da babban tasiri kan ayyukan rayuwar yau da kullun. 

A Faransa, kusan mutane 800 aka yi imanin cutar AD ko wata cuta da ke da alaƙa da ita. Wannan yana wakiltar babban adadin ɗan adam, zamantakewa da kuɗi. Kulawarsu ta zama fiye da kowane lokaci batun lafiyar jama'a. Koyaya, a cikin Faransa, 000% na larurar rashin hankali ba batun takamaiman hanyoyin bincike bane tare da tabbatarwa daga ƙwararre. Yawancin ayyuka sun mai da hankali a cikin 'yan shekarun nan akan marasa lafiya da ke da raunin hankali ko "Mild Cognitive Impairment" (MCI). Na ƙarshen yana nuna kasancewar ƙarancin ƙarancin fahimi, musamman a yankin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, a cikin marasa lafiyar da suka kasance masu zaman kansu a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun (Petersen et al., 50).

Nunawa don MCI yana buƙatar amfani da ɗaya ko fiye da sauri, gwaje -gwaje masu sauƙi waɗanda aka tabbatar da halayen metrological (aunawa). Dakta Ziad Nasreddine, ƙwararren masanin ƙwayoyin cuta na Kanada ya haɓaka shi a cikin 2005, MoCA gwaji ce da aka yi niyya ga manya da tsofaffi waɗanda ake zargi da ƙarancin taƙaitaccen fahimi, raunin hankali ko cutar neurodegenerative. A cikin kashi 80% na lokuta, ana amfani da shi don yin gwajin cutar Alzheimer, musamman lokacin da mutum ke yawan ɓacewa, wani lokacin yana rikicewa. An yi amfani da shi tsawon shekaru ashirin a cikin kasashe 200 kuma ana samunsa cikin yaruka 20. Ba ya sa ya yiwu a tabbatar da ganewar asali amma galibi ana amfani da shi ne don kai tsaye zuwa wasu gwaje -gwajen. Hakanan ya sami kulawa mai ƙarfi don ikonsa na gano raunin hankali a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar Parkinson.

Mintuna 10 zuwa 15 na ƙarshe, gwajin ya ƙunshi ƙimantawa mai sauƙi zuwa matsakaici na rashin hankali, ta hanyar kimanta ayyukan masu zuwa: 

• hankali;
• maida hankali;
• ayyuka na zartarwa;
• Ƙwaƙwalwa;
• harshe;
• visuo dabarun ginawa;
• Abstraction damar;
• lissafin;
• daidaituwa.  

Mai jarrabawa yana ba da tambayoyin da ke buƙatar gajerun amsoshi, ayyuka goma kamar zana cube, agogo da aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya tare da kalmomi daban -daban don tunawa. 

Umurnin yana da takamaiman isa don jagorantar mai tantancewa a sarari cikin kyautar. Don haka dole ne ya kasance yana da grid ƙwallo da umarni don kammala MoCA a hannu. Tare da waɗannan takardu guda biyu da fensir, ya ci gaba da gwaji ta bin umarnin kuma a lokaci guda ya ƙidaya amsoshin mutumin. Tun da ƙimar MoCA ta dogara da matakin ilimi, marubutan sun ba da shawarar ƙara ma'ana idan ilimin mai haƙuri ya kasance shekaru 12 ko ƙasa da haka. Duk da yake tambayoyin na iya zama da sauƙi, ba su da sauƙi ga mutanen da ke da tabin hankali.

Darussan sun dogara ne akan:

• ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya (maki 5);
• damar gani da sarari tare da gwajin agogo (maki 3);
• wani aiki wanda ya ƙunshi yin kwafin cube (aya 1);
• ayyuka na zartarwa;
• Harshen waya (aya 1);
• abstraction na magana (maki 2);
• hankali, maida hankali da ƙwaƙwalwar aiki (aya 1);
• ragi jerin (maki 3);
• karanta lambobi gefen dama sama (aya 1) da baya (aya 1);
• harshe tare da gabatar da dabbobin gida (maki 3) da maimaita jimloli masu rikitarwa (maki 2);
• daidaitawa cikin lokaci da sarari (maki 6).

Ana yin ƙimar kimantawa kai tsaye akan grid kuma lokaci guda tare da gwajin. Mai tantancewar dole ne ya yi rikodin amsoshin mutumin kuma yi musu alama (mai kyau don maki ɗaya kuma ba daidai ba ne ga maki 0). Don haka za a sami matsakaicin maki daga maki 30. Ana iya fassara ci kamar haka:

• = 26/30 = babu nakasar neurocognitive;
• 18-25 / 30 = kadan nakasa;
• 10-17 = matsakaici nakasa;
• Kasa da 10 = nakasa sosai.