Akwai hakora uku a cikin mutane: haƙoran lactal, haƙoran haƙora da hakora na ƙarshe. Haƙoran lactal, wanda saboda haka ya haɗa da haƙoran madara ko hakora na wucin gadi, yana da hakora 20 zuwa kashi 4 na hakora 5 kowanne: 2 incisors, 1 canine da molars 2.

Yana farawa kusan 15^st mako na rayuwar intrauterine, lokacin lokacin da ƙididdigewa na tsakiyar incisors ya fara, har sai an kafa lactal molars yana da shekaru kimanin watanni 30.

Anan ga jadawalin fashewar physiological don haƙoran jarirai:

Ƙananan ƙananan incisors: watanni 6 zuwa 8.

Ƙananan incisors na gefe: 7 zuwa watanni 9.

· Incisors na sama na tsakiya: watanni 7 zuwa 9.

· Incisors na sama: 9 zuwa watanni 11.

Farko molars: 12 zuwa 16 watanni

Canines: daga watanni 16 zuwa 20.

· Molars na biyu: daga watanni 20 zuwa 30.

Gabaɗaya, ƙananan hakora (ko mandibular) suna fashewa da wuri fiye da hakora na sama (ko maxillary).^1-2 . Tare da kowane haƙori, yaron yana iya zama mai banƙyama da salivate fiye da yadda aka saba.

Barkewar hakori ya kasu kashi uku:

-          Mataki na farko. Yana wakiltar duk motsin ƙwayar hakori don isa wurin hulɗa da mucosa na baka.

-          Lokacin fashewa na asibiti. Yana wakiltar duk motsin hakori daga fitowar sa zuwa kafa lamba tare da haƙoran da ke gaba da shi.

-          Lokaci na daidaitawa zuwa ga rufewa. Yana wakiltar duk motsin hakori a duk tsawon kasancewarsa a cikin baka na hakori (fitarwa, juzu'i, juyawa, da dai sauransu).

Da shekaru 3, duk hakora na wucin gadi sun fito kullum. Wannan yanayin zai šauki har zuwa shekaru 6, ranar bayyanar molar farko na dindindin. Daga nan sai mu matsa zuwa ga hadadden hakora wanda zai yadu har sai an rasa hakorin jariri na karshe, gaba daya yana da shekaru 12.

A wannan lokacin ne yaron zai rasa hakoransa na jarirai, wanda a hankali ya maye gurbinsu da hakora na dindindin. Tushen madarar haƙoran yana raguwa a ƙarƙashin tasirin fashewar haƙoran dindindin (muna magana akan rhizalyse), wani lokacin yana haifar da fallasa ɓangaren haƙori saboda sawar haƙorin da ke tare da lamarin.

Wannan lokaci na tsaka-tsakin sau da yawa yana ɗaukar cututtuka daban-daban na haƙori.

Anan ga jadawalin fashewar physiological don dindindin hakora:

Teethasan hakora

- Na farko molars: 6 zuwa 7 shekaru

- tsakiyar incisors: 6 zuwa 7 shekaru

- Lateral incisors: 7 zuwa 8 shekaru

- Canines: 9 zuwa 10 shekaru.

- Na farko premolars: 10 zuwa 12 shekaru.

- Premolars na biyu: 11 zuwa 12 shekaru.

- Na biyu molars: 11 zuwa 13 shekaru.

– Molars na uku (hikima hakora): 17 zuwa 23 shekaru.

Man hakora

- Na farko molars: 6 zuwa 7 shekaru

- tsakiyar incisors: 7 zuwa 8 shekaru

- Lateral incisors: 8 zuwa 9 shekaru

- Na farko premolars: 10 zuwa 12 shekaru.

- Premolars na biyu: 10 zuwa 12 shekaru.

- Canines: 11 zuwa 12 shekaru.

- Na biyu molars: 12 zuwa 13 shekaru.

– Molars na uku (hikima hakora): 17 zuwa 23 shekaru.

Wannan kalanda ya kasance sama da duk abin da ke nuni: hakika akwai babban canji a cikin shekarun fashewa. Gabaɗaya, 'yan mata suna gaban maza. 

Tsarin gaba ɗaya na haƙoran haƙora bai bambanta da yawa da na haƙoran dindindin ba. Duk da haka, akwai wasu bambance-bambance^{3 4} :

– Launin haƙoran madara ya ɗan yi fari fari.

– Imel ɗin ya fi ƙanƙanta, wanda ke ƙara fallasa su ga lalacewa.

– Girman ba shakka sun yi ƙasa da takwarorinsu na ƙarshe.

– An rage girman hawan jini.

Haƙoran haƙora na wucin gadi yana goyon bayan juyin halitta na hadiyewa wanda ke wucewa daga jiha ta farko zuwa babban jihar. Har ila yau, yana tabbatar da tauna, phonation, yana taka rawa wajen bunkasa yawan fuska da girma gaba ɗaya.

Ya kamata a fara goge haƙoran madara da zaran haƙoran suka bayyana, musamman don fahimtar da yaron da motsin motsin saboda ba shi da tasiri sosai a farkon. A daya bangaren kuma, ya kamata a fara tantancewa akai-akai tun daga shekara 2 zuwa 3 don a saba da yaron. 

Yara suna cikin haɗari mai yawa don girgiza, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin hakori bayan shekaru. Lokacin da yaron ya fara tafiya, yawanci yana da duk "hakoran gaba" kuma ƙaramin girgiza zai iya haifar da sakamako. Bai kamata a rage irin waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru ba a kan cewa haƙoran madara ne. A ƙarƙashin tasirin girgiza, haƙori na iya nutsewa cikin ƙashi ko kuma ya mutu, a ƙarshe ya haifar da ƙurar hakori. Wani lokaci kwayar cutar haƙoran haƙora na iya lalacewa.

Bisa ga binciken da yawa, 60% na yawan jama'a suna fuskantar aƙalla raunin haƙori yayin girma. 3 a cikin 10 yara kuma suna fuskantar shi akan haƙoran madara, musamman a kan incisors na tsakiya na sama wanda ke wakiltar kashi 68% na hakora masu rauni.

Yara maza sun ninka sau biyu kamar yadda 'yan mata ke fama da rauni, tare da kololuwar rauni a lokacin da suke da shekaru 8. Tashin hankali, rikice-rikice da rarrabuwar hakora sune mafi yawan raunin da ya faru.

Shin haƙoran da ya lalace zai iya haifar da sakamako akan haƙoran gaba?

Haƙorin jariri da ya kamu da cutar na iya lalata ƙwayar ƙwayar haƙori daidai gwargwadon abin da jakar pericornal ta gurɓata. Likitan hakori ko likitan hakori na yara ya ziyarci wanda ya lalace.

Me yasa wasu lokuta sai ku ciro hakoran jarirai kafin su fadi da kansu?

Akwai dalilai da yawa akan hakan:

– Haƙorin jariri ya lalace sosai.

– Hakorin jarirai ya karye ne sakamakon kaduwa.

– Hakorin ya kamu da cutar kuma hadarin ya yi yawa da zai iya cutar da hakori na karshe.

– Akwai rashin sarari saboda takurewar girma: ya fi dacewa a share hanya.

– Kwayoyin hakori na karshe ya makara ko kuma ba a sanya shi ba.

Rashin hakorin jariri na farko wani sabon rikici ne tare da ra'ayin cewa jiki zai iya yanke wani abu daga cikin abubuwan da ke ciki don haka zai iya zama wani abu mai ban tsoro. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa akwai tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi da yawa waɗanda ke rubuta motsin zuciyar da yaron ya fuskanta: tsoron kasancewa cikin zafi, mamaki, girman kai….

La karamin linzamin kwamfuta sanannen labari ne na asalin Yammacin Turai wanda ke nufin tabbatar da yaron da ya rasa hakori. A cewar almara, ƙaramin linzamin kwamfuta ya maye gurbin haƙoran jariri, wanda yaron ya sanya a ƙarƙashin matashin kai kafin barci, tare da ƙaramin ɗaki. Asalin wannan tatsuniyar bai fito fili ba. Zai iya yin wahayi zuwa ga wani labari na Madame d'Aulnoy a cikin karni na XNUMX, The Good Little Mouse, amma wasu sun yi imanin cewa sun samo asali ne daga tsohuwar imani, bisa ga abin da haƙori na ƙarshe ya ɗauki halayen dabbar da ke haɗiye. daidai baby hakori. Muna sa rai a lokacin, ita ce rowa, wanda aka sani da ƙarfin haƙoransa. Don haka, mun jefa haƙoran jariri a ƙarƙashin gado da bege cewa linzamin kwamfuta ya zo ya cinye shi.

Wasu almara sun wanzu a duk faɗin duniya! Labarin na Shirin Iyaye, kwanan nan, shine madadin Anglo-Saxon ga ɗan ƙaramin linzamin kwamfuta, amma an ƙirƙira shi akan ƙirar iri ɗaya.

Indiyawan Amurkawa sun kasance suna ɓoye hakori a ciki itace da fatan hakori na ƙarshe zai yi girma daidai kamar itace. A Chile, haƙori yana canzawa ta uwa zuwa bijou kuma bai kamata a yi musanya ba. A cikin ƙasashen kudancin Afirka, kuna jefa haƙorin ku zuwa wata ko rana, kuma ana yin raye-raye na al'ada don murnar zuwan haƙoranku na ƙarshe. A Turkiyya, an binne hakori a kusa da wani wuri da muke fatan zai taka rawar gani a nan gaba (gonar jami'a don ƙwararrun karatu, misali). A Philippines, yaron ya ɓoye hakori a wuri na musamman kuma dole ne ya yi fata. Idan har ya samu ya same ta bayan shekara guda, za a biya masa buri. Akwai sauran tatsuniyoyi da yawa a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban na duniya.