Melanoma shine ciwon daji na fata wanda galibi yana da alaƙa da wuce gona da iri zuwa hasken ultraviolet. Wani lokaci muna magana akan "mummunan melanoma" a cikin yaren yau da kullun.

Ma'anar melanoma

Melanoma shine ciwon daji na fata, wanda shine mummunan ƙwayar cuta wanda ke tasowa daga sel fata. A wannan yanayin, sel ne ke yin melanin (alamar da ke ba da launi ga fata, gashi da gashi): melanocytes.

Ci gaban melanoma shine na farko a sararin sama a cikin farji. Muna magana game da melanoma a wuri. Lokacin da ya ci gaba da yaduwa, melanoma zai yi girma cikin zurfi. Sannan ana cewa ciwon daji yana da haɗari. A wannan matakin, ƙwayoyin kansar na iya rarrabuwa daga asalin ƙwayar cuta, ta mallaki wasu sassan jiki kuma ta haifar da metastases (cututtukan daji na biyu).

Melanomas yakan bayyana a wuraren fatar jiki saboda hasken UV shine babban abin haɗari. Koyaya, wasu siffofi na iya bayyana a wuraren da ba a bayyana su ba. Akwai manyan siffofin melanoma guda huɗu:

• melanoma na waje (tsakanin 60 zuwa 70% na lokuta) wanda ke da alaƙa da haɓaka zafin rana mai zafi a baya;
• Dubreuilh ta melanoma ko lentigo-m melanoma (tsakanin 5 zuwa 10% na lokuta) wanda ke da alaƙa da maimaitawa zuwa hasken ultraviolet (UV);
• ciwon melanoma (kasa da 5% na lokuta) wanda ke haɓaka cikin sauri kuma yana iya bayyana akan kowane ɓangaren fata, har ma da wuraren da ba a bayyana su ba;
• acrolentiginous melanoma ko melanoma na ƙarshen wanda ba shi da alaƙa da wuce gona da iri ga haskoki UV kuma galibi ana gani a cikin mutane masu fata mai duhu.

Sanadin da abubuwan haɗari na melanoma

Ci gaban melanoma yana da alaƙa da kasancewar abubuwan haɗari. Daga cikinsu akwai:

• daukan hotuna zuwa hasken UV, duka na rana da na wucin gadi;
• tarihin kunar rana a jiki, musamman a lokacin kuruciya;
• fata mai kyau;
• hankali ga rana;
• gagarumin kasancewar ƙura, da aka kiyasta sama da hamsin hamsin;
• kasancewar wani sabon abu mai ban sha'awa ko babban ɗanyen ɗabi'a;
• tarihin ciwon daji na fata wanda zai iya zama na mutum ko na iyali;
• immunosuppression, wato raunin tsarin garkuwar jiki.

Ganewar asali na melanoma

Ana iya tuhumar Melanoma idan kwayar halitta ta canza da sauri ko kuma idan wani rauni mai rauni ya bayyana (galibi wurin da bai dace ba). An kafa doka don gane facin fata mara kyau. Wannan doka ta bayyana ƙa'idodi 5 "ABCDE":

• A don Asymmetry wanda ke bayyana tabo na sifar da ba ta dace ba ba zagaye ko m da samun launuka da walwala ba daidai ba a kusa da tsakiyar ta;
• B don kusurwoyi marasa daidaituwa waɗanda ke bayyana tabo tare da ƙarancin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan kusurwoyi;
• C don launi mara daidaituwa wanda ke bayyana kasancewar launuka daban-daban (baki, shuɗi, ja mai launin ruwan kasa ko fari) a cikin yanayin rashin tsari a cikin tabo;
• D don diamita lokacin da tabo ke da diamita fiye da mm 6;
• E don Juyin Halitta tare da tabo wanda ke saurin canza girma, siffa, launi ko kauri.

Kallon ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan alamun ba koyaushe yana nufin akwai melanoma ba. Koyaya, yana buƙatar yin alƙawarin likita da wuri -wuri don gudanar da cikakken bincike.

Ana gudanar da cikakken bincike ta hanyar likitan fata. Idan ana tuhumar melanoma, ana ƙara gwajin gani ta hanyar cirewa. Ƙarshen ya ƙunshi samfurin nama don bincike. Sakamakon bincike ya tabbatar da melanoma kuma ya bayyana matakin ci gaban sa.

Dangane da tafarkin melanoma, ana iya yin gwajin hoton likitanci don tantance girman da daidaita gudanarwa.

Mutanen da melanoma ya shafa

Melanoma yana lissafin kashi 10% na cututtukan fata. Alkaluman sun nuna cewa ita ce kansar da ke samun karuwar yawan sabbin masu kamuwa da cutar a kowace shekara. A cikin 2012, an kiyasta kamuwa da cutar a lokuta 11. An gano shi a matsakaicin shekarun 176 kuma ya bayyana ya fi yawa a cikin mata fiye da maza.

Melanoma yana gabatarwa akan fata a matsayin tabo mai launin fata. A cikin kashi 80% na lokuta, melanomas suna haɓaka daga “fata mai lafiya” wanda ba shi da rauni ko tabo. Ci gaban su yana haifar da bayyanar tabo mai launin fata a cikin siffar tawadar Allah. A wasu lokuta, melanomas suna haɓaka daga ƙwayar da ta riga ta kasance (nevus).

Dangane da shari'ar, gudanarwar na iya dogara ne akan jiyya ɗaya ko fiye. Za'a iya ɗaukar tiyata, maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi, da farfaɗo da wutar lantarki don lalata sel kansar.

Mafi yawan lokuta, gudanar da melanoma tiyata ne. Hakanan yana faruwa cewa sakewa da aka yi don ganewar ya isa ya cire ƙwayar gaba ɗaya.

An gane cewa babban haɗarin melanoma shine wuce gona da iri ga hasken UV. Rigakafin ya ƙunshi musamman:

• iyakance fitowar rana, musamman a lokutan mafi zafi;
• kare kanka ta hanyar amfani da shamaki mai shinge da suturar kariya;
• guji tanning na wucin gadi a cikin gida.

Gano farkon melanoma shima yana da mahimmanci don iyakance ci gaban sa da hana rikitarwa. Ana ba da shawarar ku yi gwajin fata na yau da kullun ta amfani da ƙa'idodin dokar "ABCDE" da aka gabatar a sama. Masoyi zai iya taimakawa tare da jarrabawar wuraren da ba za a iya shiga ba. Idan akwai shakku kuma don ƙarin cikakkiyar jarrabawa, tuntuɓi ƙwararren likita yana da mahimmanci.